Sophistical Refutations

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Aristotle Aristotelianism [*]: Authenticity disputed strikethrough: Generally agreed to be spurious

Sophistical Refutations (Greek: Σοφιστικοὶ Ἔλεγχοι; Latin: De Sophisticis Elenchis) is a text in Aristotle's Organon in which he identified thirteen fallacies.^{[note 1]} According to Aristotle, this is the first work to treat the subject of deductive reasoning. (Soph. Ref., 34, 183b34 ff.). The fallacies Aristotle identifies are the following:

Fallacies in the language (in dictione)

1. Equivocation
2. Amphibology
3. Composition
4. Division
5. Accent
6. Figure of speech or form of expression

Fallacies not in the language (extra dictionem)

Footnotes

References

• Parry, William T.; Hacker, Edward A. (1991), Aristotelian Logic, SUNY Press, p. 435, ISBN 978-0-7914-0690-8

External links

• Works related to Sophistical Refutations at Wikisource
• HTML Greek text via Greco interattivo
• Translated by W. A. Pickard-Cambridge
• Sophistical Elenchi public domain audiobook at LibriVox
• ChangingMinds.org: "Aristotle's 13 fallacies"