Odd-chain fatty acid

Odd chain fatty acids are those that contain an odd number of carbon atoms in the structure. Almost all animal fatty acid synthesis is done by assembling two 2C Acetyl-CoA molecules together. Because the segments are each two carbons in length the resulting fatty acid has an even number of carbon atoms in it. However, propionyl-CoA instead of acetyl-CoA is used as the primer for the synthesis of long-chain fatty acids with an odd number of carbon atoms, which are found particularly in ruminant fat and milk [1] Some plant-based fatty acids, also have an odd number of carbon atoms, and Phytanic fatty acid absorbed from plant chlorophyll has multiple methyl branch points. As a result, it breaks down into three odd numbered 3C Propionyl segments as well as three even numbered 2C Acetyl segments and one even numbered 4C Isobutynoyl segment. In humans, in sharp contrast to butyrate and octanoate, the odd-chain SCFA, propionate, has no inhibitory effect on glycolysis and does not stimulate ketogenesis.[2] . Odd-chain and branched-chain fatty acids, which form propionyl-CoA, can serve as minor precursors for gluconeogenesis [3][4].

References

  1. ↑ • Harper's Illustrated Biochemistry, McGraw-Hill Publishing Company (Victor W. Rodwell, 31st Edition)
  2. ↑ Morand C, Besson C, Demigne C, Remesy C (March 1994). "Importance of the Modulation of Glycolysis in the Control of Lactate Metabolism by Fatty Acids in Isolated Hepatocytes from Fed Rats". Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 309 (2): 254–60. doi:10.1006/abbi.1994.1110. PMID 8135535.
  3. ↑ Medical Biochemistry (4th Edition, John Baynes, Marek Dominiczak), ELSEVIER
  4. ↑ • Harper's Illustrated Biochemistry, McGraw-Hill Publishing Company (Victor W. Rodwell, 31st Edition)
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