North–South divide in Taiwan

North–South divide is a phenomenon characterized by the Taiwanese central government's accused bias in favour of northern parts of Taiwan. Following the Kuomintang Party's defeat by the Chinese Communist Party in the Chinese Civil War and the Nationalist's subsequent flight from the Chinese mainland, the Kuomintang relocated its headquarters to Taipei in the north of Taiwan.[1][2][3]

Since the Nationalist government's retreat to Taiwan in 1949, the Kuomintang has had held power for more than 60 years non-consecutively (1949-2000, 2008-2016), compared to the Democratic Progressive Party's 10 years (2000-2008, 2016-now). Owing to the Kuomintang's long-standing bias, especially over the White Terror period, the gap between the north and the south in terms of social economic development has gradually widened.[4]

Over the period 1990-1998, Mayor of Kaohsiung Wu Den-yih frequently criticized the KMT-led central government for its bias in favour of the north and against the south.[5]

Studies also suggested that Kaohsiung, which is home to most of the heavy industry that fueled Taiwan's economic miracle, was also at the forefront of Taiwanese political liberalization activities from the 1970s onwards. Such activity includes the Kaohsiung Incident, which pushed Taiwan towards democracy, which some speculate lead to the Kuomintang government's decision to reduce southern Taiwan's economic development aid, as it regarded the protests in southern Taiwan as posing a great threat to its authoritarian rule.[6][7][8]

Outcome

Imbalance in population movement

[9]

Rising housing price

An article published in a demographic & land economics journal by National Chengchi University suggested that the rising housing price in the northern part of Taiwan was just a result of central government's bias towards northern Taiwan because it laid a bunch of projects that created a lot of position vacancies in the area, whose treatment is in a sharp comparison to central and southern Taiwan.[10][11] This has had led people to pursue real estate in an area whose land supply is limited owing to geographic reasons as there is more mountain, high land, and Table (landform) than plain in the northern part of Taiwan.[11][10]:52

GDP per capita for administrative divisions in Republic of China in 2016

List of cities and counties in Republic of China (Taiwan) by GDP per capita in 2016[12]
RankcitiesNTDUS$PPPRegion
1Taipei990,29230,69965,539Northern Taiwan
2Hsinchu City853,08926,44656,459Northern Taiwan
-Taipei-Keelung metropolitan area830,78825,75454,982Northern Taiwan
-Taipei-Keelung-Taoyuan metropolitan area807,86025,04453,465Northern Taiwan
3Lianjiang County776,61524,07551,397Outlying islands
4New Taipei733,77622,74748,562Northern Taiwan
5Taoyuan731,51822,67748,413Northern Taiwan
-Taiwan727,09822,54048,120
6Taichung724,90522,47247,975Central Taiwan
7Hsinchu County724,84022,47047,971Northern Taiwan
8Penghu County709,06621,98146,927Outlying islands
9Chiayi City709,03321,98046,925Southern Taiwan
10Keelung706,80821,91146,777Northern Taiwan
11Yilan County700,03421,70146,329Northern Taiwan
12Hualien County693,29221,49245,883Eastern Taiwan
13Kaohsiung684,26021,21245,285Southern Taiwan
14Kinmen County668,58220,72644,248Outlying islands
15Miaoli County657,29220,37643,500Central Taiwan
16Tainan643,74319,95642,604Southern Taiwan
-Central Taiwan excluding Yunlin County642,48519,92241,836
-Southern Taiwan638,20819,78941,556
-Central Taiwan635,51819,70641,382
17Taitung County623,48519,32841,263Eastern Taiwan
18Changhua County618,96919,18840,964Central Taiwan
19Yunlin County607,77618,84140,223Central Taiwan
20Pingtung County592,06618,35439,184Southern Taiwan
21Nantou County569,45317,65337,687Central Taiwan
22Chiayi County562,74317,44537,243Southern Taiwan

See also

References

  1. ↑ "台北更獨 ／南綠北藍 另有真相". 自由時報. Retrieved 2016-01-10.
  2. ↑ "地政學訊". 國立政治大學. 2014-01-11. Archived from the original on 2017-12-17. Retrieved 2017-12-17. 造成北部房價高漲原因，不外乎政府長期重北輕南之經濟政策
  3. ↑ 姜渝生; 王小娥 (2011-01-28). "國立成功大學機構典藏:Item 987654321/104327". 國立成功大學機構典藏 (in Chinese). Retrieved 2017-12-17.
  4. ↑ "北藍南綠的政治版圖" (PDF). Retrieved 2016-01-10.
  5. ↑ 曾一豪; 賴宛靖 (1998). 吳敦義，為什麼 (in Chinese). Taipei: 希代. ISBN 957-811-262-9. 高雄市長任內，他依然秉持著一向的正義感，砲轟中央「重北輕南」的政策，頻頻為高雄人叫屈。短短幾年，他就為港都居民爭取到數十年來都爭不到的福祉，因而被喻為「南台灣建設的火車頭」或「喚醒南部意識抬頭的領航人」。
  6. ↑ Lin, Ji-Ping (2012-01-24). "Tradition and Progress: Taiwan's Evolving Migration Reality". migrationpolicy.org. Retrieved 2018-05-09.
  7. ↑ Lin, Ji-Ping (2016-02-28). "Taiwan Temporary Workers and Labor Marginalization in the Context of Segmented Labor Market, 1991-2010". Arbor (secondary source). Departmento de Publicaciones del CSIC. 192 (777): a291. doi:10.3989/arbor.2016.777n1007. ISSN 1988-303X.
  8. ↑ 中央研究院、林季平 (2018-03-21). "逢年過節，返鄉人潮為何一路向南？". 研之有物│串聯您與中央研究院的橋梁 (tertiary source) (in Chinese). Retrieved 2018-05-09. 官方沒有親口證實，美麗島事件等政治挑戰，也可能削弱了當時執政黨對南臺灣區域經濟發展的支持度。問及會否擔心不同立場的壓力，林季平堅定地回應：「學術研究就是據實以報，真理會越辯越明，只是負面攻擊的話沒意義。」「......獨裁者與煽動者，才是萬惡之源。而借鏡戰爭史，知識份子要勇敢成為阻擋戰爭的防線。」或許這也是，為什麼林季平要以有憑有據的學術研究，涉入勞工之戰，儘管背後會中了許多槍。
  9. ↑ 鄧瑞兆; Teng, Ruey-Jaw (2014-06-26). "高雄都會區產業發展與人口就業之研究". Chung-Hua University Repository (in Chinese). Retrieved 2017-12-17.
  10. 1 2 李晏甄 (January 2011). "台灣南北對立想像的興起". 臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統、國立政治大學 (in Chinese). Archived from the original (PDF) on December 2017. Retrieved December 23, 2017.
  11. 1 2 "地政學訊". 國立政治大學 (in Chinese). 2014-01-11. Archived from the original on 2017-12-17. Retrieved 2017-12-17. ......然南北城鄉的租稅負擔更隱含租稅之不公平。舉例而言，根據本年 7、8 月份屏東市、台北市及高雄市於內政部房屋實價登錄網站資料，相同樓高及類似區段的大樓產品，成交總價分別為 320 萬元、3,100萬元及 512 萬元，平均單價則分別為每坪 58,000 元、708,000 元及 134,000元，如以房屋稅占分算房屋賣價之租稅負擔率分別為 0.39％、0.35％及0.31％，看似負擔率相當，但加計該負擔之地價稅後，情形便大不相同，租稅負擔率分別為 0.29％、005％及0.17％，顯示屏東縣民同樣擁有大樓房屋之租稅負擔率竟高於台北市或高雄市居民 6 倍及 2 倍，此種扭曲的不公平稅制實有違量能課稅之基本財稅理論，也是財政當局尤應正視之處。造成北部房價高漲原因，不外乎政府長期重北輕南之經濟政策，人口高度集中都會區，南部鮮少重大建設提供就業機會，自然使得多數人去競逐供給有限的不動產，尤其土地資源不可增加及不能挪移的特性，更推波助瀾這股沛然莫之能禦的漲勢。
  12. ↑ According to (IMF-WEO April 2017), PPP rate is NTD 15.11 per Int'l.dollar; according to the , the average exchange rate is NTD 32.258135 per US dollar (the average exchange rate of the year was 32.258135 NTD to 1 USD); GDP per capita figures in USD are retrieved from and are published by National Statistics of Republic of China (Taiwan).
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