New World crops
The phrase "New World crops" is usually used to describe crops, food and otherwise, that were native to the New World (mostly the Americas) before 1492 CE and not found anywhere else at that time. Many of these crops are now grown around the world and have often become an integral part of the cuisine of various cultures in the Old World.
Notable among these crops are the Three Sisters: maize, winter squash, and climbing beans.
Timeline
The new world developed agriculture about 1500 years after it was first practiced in the Fertile Crescent in the Middle East. The following table shows when each New World crop was first domesticated.
Date | Crops | Location |
---|---|---|
8000 BCE[2] | Squash | Oaxaca, Mexico |
8000-5000 BCE[3] | Potato | Peruvian Andes |
6000-4000 BCE[4] | Peppers | Oaxaca, Mexico |
5700 BCE[2][5] | Maize | Guerrero, Mexico |
5500 BCE[6] | Peanut | South America |
5000 BCE[7] | Avocado | Mexico |
4000 BCE | Common bean | Central America |
3400 BCE[8] | Cotton | Tehuacan Valley, Mexico |
2000 BCE | Sunflowers Other beans |
|
1500 BCE[9] | Cocoa | Mexico |
1500 BCE[10] | Sweet potato | Altiplano Cundiboyacense, Colombia |
500 BCE[11] | Tomato | Mexico |
See also
References
- ↑ Diamond, Jared. Guns, Germs and Steel, W. W. Norton & Company, 1999, p. 126.
- 1 2 Smith, Bruce D. (February 2001). "Documenting plant domestication: The consilience of biological and archaeological approaches". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 98 (4): 1324–1326. doi:10.1073/pnas.98.4.1324. PMC 33375. PMID 11171946. Retrieved 4 November 2013.
- ↑ Spooner, DM; et al. (2005). "A single domestication for potato based on multilocus amplified fragment length polymorphism genotyping". PNAS. 102 (41): 14694–99. doi:10.1073/pnas.0507400102. PMC 1253605. PMID 16203994.
- ↑ Perry, Linda; Kent V. Flannery (July 17, 2007). "Precolumbian use of chili peppers in the Valley of Oaxaca, Mexico". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 104 (29): 11905–11909. doi:10.1073/pnas.0704936104. PMC 1924538. PMID 17620613. Retrieved 4 November 2013.
- ↑ Ranere, Anthony J.; Dolores R. Piper; Irene Holst; Ruth Dickau; José Iriarte (January 23, 2009). "The cultural and chronological context of early Holocene maize and squash domestication in the Central Balsas River Valley, Mexico". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 106 (13): 5014–5018. doi:10.1073/pnas.0812590106. PMC 2664064. PMID 19307573. Retrieved 4 November 2013.
- ↑ "Earliest-Known Evidence Of Peanut, Cotton And Squash Farming Found". Science Daily. June 29, 2007. Retrieved 4 November 2013.
- ↑ Galindo-Tovar, María Elena; Arzate-Fernández, Amaury M.; Ogata-Aguilar, Nisao & Landero-Torres, Ivonne (2007). "The avocado (Persea americana, Lauraceae) crop in Mesoamerica: 10,000 years of history" (PDF). Harvard Papers in Botany. 12 (2): 325–334, page 325. doi:10.3100/1043-4534(2007)12[325:TAPALC]2.0.CO;2. JSTOR 41761865. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 October 2015.
- ↑ "The Domestication History of Cotton". Retrieved 21 August 2017.
- ↑ "History of Chocolate Timeline - Origin of Chocolate". thenibble.com.
- ↑ García, Jorge Luis. 2012. The Foods and crops of the Muisca: a dietary reconstruction of the intermediate chiefdoms of Bogotá (Bacatá) and Tunja (Hunza), Colombia (M.A.), 1–201. University of Central Florida. Accessed 2016-07-08.
- ↑ Smith, A. F. (1994). The Tomato in America: Early History, Culture, and Cookery. Columbia SC, US: University of South Carolina Press. ISBN 978-1-57003-000-0.
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