The New Great Game

In the late 1990s, some journalists used the expression "The New Great Game" to describe what they proposed was a renewed geopolitical interest in Central Asia based on the mineral wealth of the region which was becoming available to foreign interests after the dissolution of the Soviet Union.

History

In 1997 the New York Times published an opinion piece titled The New Great Game in Asia in which was written:

While few have noticed, Central Asia has again emerged as a murky battleground among big powers engaged in an old and rough geopolitical game. Western experts believe that the largely untapped oil and natural gas riches of the Caspian Sea countries could make that region the Persian Gulf of the next century. The object of the revived game is to befriend leaders of the former Soviet republics controlling the oil, while neutralizing Russian suspicions and devising secure alternative pipeline routes to world markets.[1]

In 2004, journalist Lutz Kleveman wrote a book that linked the expression to the exploration of mineral wealth in the region.[2] While for many other people the direct American military involvement in the area was part of the "War on Terror" rather than an indirect Western governmental interest in the mineral wealth, another journalist Eric Walberg suggests in his book that access to the region's minerals and oil pipeline routes is still an important factor.[3][4]

Other authors disagree with these views. One strategic analyst has written that the Central Asian states are not pawns in any game and the so-called "New Great Game" is a misnomer that has not eventuated. Rather than two empires focused on the region as in the past, there are now many global and regional powers active with the rise of China and India as major economic powers. The emergence of Russia from a local-level player to an international-level one has seen Russia regarded as not an offensive power by the Central Asian states, which have diversified their political, economic, and security relationships.[5] Another writer stated that the "Great Game" or the "New Great Game" implies that the Central Asian states are passive pawns in the hands of more powerful states. However, their membership of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, established in 2001, shows that they have gained a degree of real independence, with China offering a degree of predictability unknown in the "Great Game".[6]

The name is a reference to the original Great Game, the term used by historians to describe the 19th century political and diplomatic competition between the British and Russian empires for territory and influence among Central Asian states. The "Great Game" as a term has been described as a cliché-metaphor,[7] and there are authors who have now written on the topics of "The Great Game" in Antarctica,[8] the world's far north,[9] and in outer space.[10]

See also

References

  1. ↑ NYT editor 1996.
  2. ↑ Kleveman 2004.
  3. ↑ Golshanpazhooh 2011.
  4. ↑ Gratale 2012.
  5. ↑ Ajay Patnaik (2016). Central Asia: Geopolitics, Security and Stability. Taylor & Francis Group. pp. 28–29.
  6. ↑ David Gosset, 2010. Beyond the “Great Game” stereotype, the “Zhang Qian’s Diplomacy”.
  7. ↑ Sam Miller. A Strange Kind of Paradise: India Through Foreign Eyes. Vintage Books, London 2014. p286.
  8. ↑ Dodds, Klaus (2008). "The Great Game in Antarctica: Britain and the 1959 Antarctic Treaty". Contemporary British History. 22: 43. doi:10.1080/03004430601065781.
  9. ↑ Scott G. Borgerson. The Great Game Moves North. Foreign Affairs.
  10. ↑ Easton, Ian. The New Great Game in Space. The Project 2049 Institute.

Sources

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  • Kaylan, Melik (13 August 2008), Welcome Back To the Great Game, Wall Street Journal
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  • Yapp, Malcolm (16 May 2000), "The Legend of the Great Game", Proceedings of the British Academy: 2000 Lectures and Memoirs, 111, Oxford University Press, pp. 179–198

Further reading

  • The timeline of the Great Game online.
  • Walberg, Eric (2011), Postmodern Imperialism: Geopolitics and the Great Games, Clarity Press, p. 300, ISBN 9780983353935, retrieved 27 August 2012
  • Brobst, Peter John (2005), The Future Of The Great Game (Series on International, Political, and Economic History), University Of Akron Press, p. 199, ISBN 9781931968102, retrieved 27 August 2012
  • Johnson, Robert (2006), Spying for Empire: The Great Game in Central and South Asia, 1757-1947, Greenhill Books, p. 304, ISBN 9780199580361, retrieved 27 August 2012
  • Naik, J. A. (1970), Soviet policy towards India from Stalin to Brezhnev, Vikas Publications, p. 201, retrieved 27 August 2012
  • Nawid, Senzil. 1997. "The State, the Clergy, and British Imperial Policy in Afghanistan During the 19th and Early 20th Centuries". International Journal of Middle East Studies 29 (4). Cambridge University Press: 581–605. https://www.jstor.org/stable/164403.
  • Paksoy, H.B. (1991), Modern Encyclopedia in Russia and Soviet Union, Vol. 4, Academic International Press, pp. 5–20, retrieved 27 August 2012
  • Vogelsang, Willem (2001), The Afghans (Peoples of Asia), Wiley-Blackwel, p. 408, ISBN 9780631198413, retrieved 27 August 2012
  • Tunzelmann, Alex Von (2007), Indian Summer: The Secret History of the End of an Empire, Henry Holt and Co., p. 416, ISBN 9780805080735, retrieved 27 August 2012
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