Nereocystis

Nereocystis
Nereocystis luetkeana washed ashore
Nereocystis luetkeana washed ashore
Scientific classification
Kingdom:Chromista
Phylum:Ochrophyta
Class:Phaeophyceae
Order:Laminariales
Family:Laminariaceae
Genus:Nereocystis
Postels & Ruprecht
Species: N. luetkeana
Binomial name
Nereocystis luetkeana
(K.Mertens) Postels & Ruprecht
Bull kelp near Cambria, California. Top of stipe, pneumatocyst and blades shown on this freshly washed-ashore specimen. Also note bladder-wrack from giant kelp on this gray sand beach. October 2017 photo.

Nereocystis (Greek for "mermaid's bladder") is a monotypic genus of kelp containing the species Nereocystis luetkeana.[1] Some common names include edible kelp, bull kelp, bullwhip kelp, ribbon kelp, giant kelp, bladder wrack, and variations on these names.[2] It forms thick beds on rocks, and is an important part of kelp forests. It can grow to a maximum of 36 m (118 ft).[3] Nereocystis has a holdfast of about 40 cm (16 in), and a single stipe, topped with a pneumatocyst containing carbon monoxide, from which sprout the numerous (about 30-64) blades. The blades may be up to 4 m (13 ft) long, and up to 15 cm (5.9 in) wide. It is usually annual, sometimes persisting up to 18 months. Nereocystis is the only kelp which will drop spore patches, so that the right concentration of spores lands near the parent's holdfast. It is common along the Pacific Coast of North America, from Southern California to the Aleutian Islands, Alaska.

The thallus of this common canopy-forming kelp has a richly branched holdfast (haptera) and a cylindrical stipe 10–36 m (33–118 ft) long, terminating in a single, gas-filled pneumatocyst from which the many blades, up to 10 m (33 ft) long, develop. Blade growth can reach 15 cm (5.9 in) per day. Reproductive patches (sori) develop on the blades and drop to the seafloor at maturity.

This annual kelp grows on rock from the low intertidal to subtidal zones; it prefers semi-exposed habitats or high-current areas. Offshore beds can persist for one to many years, usually in deeper water than Eualaria or Macrocystis, where they co-occur.

The species Nereocystis luetkeana was named after Fyodor Petrovich Litke (also spelled Lütke) by Mertens (first as Fucus luetkeanus) and then described by Postels and Ruprecht.[4]

References

  1. ↑ Fisher, K; Martone, P.T. (April 2014). "Field Study of Growth and Calcification Rates of Three Species of Articulated Coralline Algae in British Columbia, Canada". Biological Bulletin. 226 (2): 121–130. doi:10.1086/bblv226n2p121. PMID 24797094.
  2. ↑ Angier, Bradford (1978). Field Guide to Medicinal Wild Plants. Harrisburg, Pa.: Stackpole Books. p. 156. ISBN 978-0-8117-2076-2.
  3. ↑ http://www.beachwatchers.wsu.edu/ezidweb/seaweeds/Nereocystis.htm
  4. ↑ Abbott, Isabella A.; Isabella, Abbott; Hollenberg, George J. (1 August 1992). Marine Algae of California. Science. 101. pp. 188–92. Bibcode:1945Sci...101..188S. doi:10.1126/science.101.2617.188. ISBN 9780804721523. PMID 17750419. Retrieved 22 February 2018 – via Google Books.

Further reading

  • Fisher, K; Martone, P.T. (April 2014). "Field study of growth and calcification rates of three species of articulated coralline algae in British Columbia, Canada". Biological Bulletin. 226 (2): 121–130. doi:10.1086/bblv226n2p121. PMID 24797094.
  • Poulson, Mary E.; McNeil, Andrew J.; Donahue, Raymon A. (May 2011). "Photosynthetic response of Nereocystis luetkeana (Phaeophyta) to high light". Phycological Research. 59 (3): 156–165. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1835.2011.00614.x.
  • Britton-Simmons, Kevin; Eckman, James; Duggins, David (26 February 2008). "Effect of tidal currents and tidal stage on estimates of bed size in the kelp Nereocystis luetkeana". Marine Ecology Progress Series. 355: 95–105. Bibcode:2008MEPS..355...95B. doi:10.3354/meps07209.
  • Koehl, M.A.R.; Alberte, R.S. (May 1988). "Flow, flapping, and photosynthesis of Nereocystis lutkeana: a functional comparison of undulate and flat blade morphologies". Marine Biology. 99 (3): 435–444. doi:10.1007/BF02112137.
  • Saunders, Gary (December 2014). "Long distance kelp rafting impacts seaweed biogeography in the Northeast Pacific: the kelp conveyor hypothesis". Journal of Phycology. 50 (6): 968–974. doi:10.1111/jpy.12237. PMID 26988778.
  • Deinman, Melissa (Jun 2012). "Susceptibility of Nereocystis luetkeana (Laminariales, Ochrophyta) and Eualaria fistulosa (Laminariales, Ochrophyta) spores to sedimentation". ALGAE. 27 (2): 115–123. doi:10.4490/algae.2012.27.2.115.


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