Neo-futurism

A neo-futurist public bench

Neo-futurism is a late 20th to early 21st century movement in the arts, design, and architecture. It could be seen as a departure from the attitude of post-modernism and represents an idealistic belief in a better future and "a need to periodize the modern rapport with the technological".^[1]

This avant-garde movement^[2] is a futuristic rethinking of the aesthetic and functionality of rapidly growing cities. The industrialization that began worldwide following the end of the Second World War gave wind to new streams of thought in life, art and architecture, leading to post-modernism, neo-modernism and then neo-futurism.^[3]

In the Western countries, futurist architecture evolved into Art Deco, the Googie movement and high-tech architecture, and most recently into neo-futurism.^[4]

Origins

Pioneered in the late 1960s and early 70s by American architects Buckminster Fuller^[5][6] and John C. Portman, Jr.;^[7][8][9] Finnish-American architect and industrial designer Eero Saarinen,^[10][11] Archigram, a British avant-garde architectural group (Peter Cook, Warren Chalk, Ron Herron, Dennis Crompton, Michael Webb and David Greene) based at the Architectural Association, London;^[5] American avant-garde architectural group ArchiGO, centered around the Illinois Institute of Technology;^[12][13] Danish architect Henning Larsen;^[14] Czech architect Jan Kaplický;^[15][16][17] Italian light sculptor Marco Lodola;^[18][19][20] American concept artist Syd Mead;^[21] American theatre screenwriter Greg Allen^[22] and Russian poets Andrei Voznesensky, Serge Segay and Rea Nikonova.^[23]

Although it was never built, the Fun Palace (1961) interpreted by architect Cedric Price as a "giant neo-futurist machine"^[24][25] influenced other architects, notably Richard Rogers and Renzo Piano, whose Pompidou Centre extended many of Price's ideas.

Definition

Neo-futurism was relaunched in 2007 after the dissemination of "The Neo-Futuristic City Manifesto"^[26][27][28] included in the candidature presented to the Bureau International des Expositions (BIE)^[29] and written by innovation designer Vito Di Bari,^[30][31][32] a former executive director at UNESCO),^[33] to outline his vision for the city of Milan at the time of the Universal Expo 2015. Di Bari defined his neo-futuristic vision as the "cross-pollination of art, cutting edge technologies and ethical values combined to create a pervasively higher quality of life";^[34] he referenced the Fourth Pillar of Sustainable Development Theory^[35] and reported that the name had been inspired by the United Nations report Our Common Future.^[36]

Jean-Louis Cohen has defined neo-futurism^[37][38] as "a corollary to technology, being the structures built today byproducts of new materials to create previously impossible forms." Etan J. Ilfeld wrote that in the contemporary neo-futurist aesthetics "the machine becomes an integral element of the creative process itself, and generates the emergence of artistic modes that would have been impossible prior to computer technology."^[39] Reyner Banham's definition of "une architecture autre" is a call for an architecture that technologically overcomes all previous architectures but possessing an expressive form,^[40] as Banham stated about neo-futuristic "Archigram’s Plug-in Computerized City, form does not have to follow function into oblivion."^[41]

In art and architecture

Inspired by Futurist architect Antonio Sant'Elia and pioneered from early 1960s and late 1970s by thought leader Hal Foster,^[42] French architect Denis Laming, American architects William Pereira ^[43][44][45] and Charles Luckman^[46][47] and Danish architects Henning Larsen^[48] and Jørn Utzon.^[49] The neo-futurist avant-garde movement has been relaunched in 2007 by Expo 2015 Innovation Designer Vito Di Bari. Neo-Futurist architecture and art have been creatively inspired by Iraqi-British Pritzker Prize architect Zaha Hadid,^[50][51][52] and Spanish architect Santiago Calatrava;^[53][54][55] Indian sculptor Anish Kapoor^[56][57] and Dutch kinetic sculptor Theo Jansen.^[58] Italian Innovation Designer Vito Di Bari is considered the thought leader of the movement,^[59] his vision of the “cross-pollination of art and technology for a better world” has been defined by Steve Jobs^[60] as the "post-PC DNA"^[61][62] and it is shared by acclaimed architects, designers and artists such as the youngest recipient ever of the Pritzker Prize Japanese architect Ryue Nishizawa, architect of Ecoville in Curitiba and of the first rotating residential buildings Bruno de Franco, Design for Asia Award 2004-7-9 recipient Hong Kong Architect Gary Chang, Brazilian architect Rodrigo Ohtake, Lubetkin Prize Winner British designer Thomas Heatherwick, Design for Asia 2008 Award recipient Japanese artist Tokujin Yoshioka, Italian artist Mario Arlati, Polish artist Karina Smigla-Bobinski.

People

The relaunch of neo-futurism in the 21st century has been creatively inspired by the Iraqi-British Pritzker Architecture Prize-winning architect Zaha Hadid,^[63][64][65] Spanish architect Santiago Calatrava^{[66] [67][68]} and by Vito DiBari.^[69][70][71]

Neo-futurist architects, designers and artists are French architect Denis Laming;^[72][73][74] American artists Josh Hadar, Erin Sparler,^[75] Marlow Rodale,^[76] Panayiotis Terzis,^[77] and Miguel Ovalle;^[78] urban-noise artist Joseph Young;^[79] French designer Patrick Jouin^[80] British artist Olivia Peake;^[81] Japanese designer Yuima Nakazato,^[82][83] Swedish artist Simon Stålenhag,^[84] and Greek artist Charis Tsevis.^[85][86][87] Neo-futurism has absorbed some of the high-tech architecture’s themes and ideas, incorporating elements of high-tech industry and technology іnto building design:^[88] technology and context is the focus of some architects of this movement such as Buckminster Fuller, Norman Foster,^[89][90] Kenzo Tange, Renzo Piano, Richard Rogers, Frei Otto, and Santiago Calatrava.^[67][91]

Gallery

• 
  TWA Terminal in New York City by Eero Saarinen, 1962
• 
  Dulles International Airport in Chantilly by Eero Saarinen, 1963
• 
  The Tour de Montréal in Montreal by Roger Taillibert, 1987
• 
  Kunsthaus Graz in Graz by Peter Cook and Colin Fournier, 2003
• 
  The Pavilions of Futuroscope in Poitiers by Denis Laming, 1984
• 
  London City Hall in London by Norman Foster, 2002
• 
  The British Library of Political and Economic Science in London by Norman Foster, 2000
• 
  The futuristic interior roof of Hong Kong International Airport in Hong Kong by Norman Foster, 1998
• 
  The new Wembley Stadium in London by Norman Foster, 2007
• 
  L'Oceanogràfic in the City of Arts and Sciences in Valencia by Félix Candela, 2003
• 
  L'Àgora in the City of Arts and Sciences in Valencia by Santiago Calatrava, 2009
• 
  El Palau de les Arts Reina Sofía in the City of Arts and Sciences in Valencia by Santiago Calatrava, 2005
• 
  The Turning Torso in Malmö by Santiago Calatrava, 2005
• 
  L'Hemisfèric in the City of Arts and Sciences in Valencia by Santiago Calatrava, 1998
• 
  Auditorio de Tenerife in Santa Cruz de Tenerife by Santiago Calatrava, 2003
• 
  Iceberg Palace in Sochi by Andrey Bokov, 2012
• 
  Heydar Aliyev Cultural Center in Baku by Zaha Hadid, 2012
• 
  London Aquatics Centre in Stratford by Zaha Hadid, 2011
• 
  Hungerburgbahn top station in Hungerburg by Zaha Hadid, 2007
• 
  Jockey Club Innovation Tower in Hong Kong by Zaha Hadid, 2013
• 
  The Alamillo Bridge in Seville by Santiago Calatrava, 1992
• 
  Canadian Museum for Human Rights in Winnipeg by Antoine Predock, 2014
• 
  The One World Trade Center in New York City by David Childs, 2014
• 
  The Margaret Hunt Hill Bridge in Dallas by Santiago Calatrava, 2012
• 
  Museum of Tomorrow in Rio de Janeiro by Santiago Calatrava, 2015
• 
  The World Trade Center Hub in New York City by Santiago Calatrava, 2016
• 
  Liège-Guillemins railway station in Liège, Belgium, 2009

References

Further reading