National Sports Festival of Japan

Entry Qualifications and Age Classifications

• Entry qualifications differ depending on event, but as a general rule participants must be older than (or in) the third year of junior high school. Third year junior high schoolers have been allowed to participate since the 43rd tournament in 1988.
• Age classification also differs depending on event but here are the general rules for swimming and track and field events. Other events follow similar guidelines.
  • Youth B: Born between 2 April 16 years prior to, and 1 April 14 years prior to the start of the tournament; third year junior high school, and first year high school students.
  • Youth A: Born between 2 April 18 years prior to, and 1 April 16 years prior to the start of the tournament; second and third year high school students.
  • Adults: Born before (and including) 1 April 18 years prior to the start of the tournament.
• At one time there was a separate classification for teaching staff in addition to adults. In track and field, there remains an agreement which states that there much be at least one member of teaching staff, or the team's participation will be invalid.
  • Even now in preparation for the tournament, prefectures will increase recruitment of teaching staff, and reduce it after the event. Hiromi Taniguchi, once aiming for a career in teaching after graduation from university, was unable to take a position due to small vacancy numbers in the immediate aftermath of the Miyazaki event.^[1] Also, following the end of the teaching staff classification, an independent national sports tournament came into existence.
• Up until the 59th tournament in 2004, adults could represent the prefecture in which they lived or worked. However, the following year marked the start of a "Hometown Athlete System" of registration (similar to the State of Origin concept in Australian sport).
  • This meant that participants could represent areas where they had graduated from junior high and high school. Thereafter there was an increase in the number of well known "hometown athletes", mainly focused around individual events.
  • From 2011 regulations were revised, to allow for participants who were based outside Japan to represent their home towns. Kosuke Kitajima, based at the time in Los Angeles where his coach lived, represented Tokyo in the 68th tournament in 2013.
• In 2005 action was taken to include the participation of professional athletes under the "How to do it from now project".^[2] As a result, a selection of professional athletes have appeared at tournaments since then.
  • However, as a condition, in sports which are not governed by the Japan Professional Sports Association, judgment over participation is entrusted to each sports governing body.
• As for athletes not holding Japanese citizenship, students enrolled in schools under article one of the School Education Law, may be eligible to participate (the decision is made by the governing body for the respective sport). From 2006, foreigners who have permanent residency became eligible to participate.

Tournament Logo

The official logo of the National Sports Festival of Japan

The logo was created for the 2nd tournament in 1947. The logo is a red torch leaning at a 30-degree incline to the right, wrapped in a blue Obi.

Opening Ceremony

Ever since the second tournament in 1947 the song Young Power (若い力, Wakai Chikara), written by Takao Saeki and composed by Shinichi Takada, has been played at the opening and closing ceremonies of all large-scale sporting events. Furthermore, it is played at an opening ceremony in which the Emperor and Empress are both in attendance. At the Autumn tournament there is a torch relay following which a main torch is lit and burns until the closing ceremony. Previously there was also an opening ceremony at the Winter tournament, but in line with changes to the tournament from 2010 it was changed to a smaller and simpler starting ceremony.

The torch, which is based on the Olympic flame, was first introduced at the 5th tournament in 1950, and the torch relay at the 12th tournament in 1957. From the 3rd tournament in 1948 a relay event had been held, though this was to carry the tournament's official flag, though this only remained until the 27th tournament in 1972. Afterwards, only the torch relay took place.

Scoring and awards

Points are awarded depending on the outcome of each individual event, with the sum of these points being the method of competing for the Emperor's and Empresses Cups. 10 points are given for participation in each game in the tournament (which includes block-tournaments). Points are not awarded for participation in a block-tournament if the entrant was eligible to participate in the main tournament. In the 64th tournament, the maximum number of participation points available was set at 400 points. The number of points awarded for victories differs depending on the event.

As well as the two main trophies, each event awards trophies and certificates to victorious athletes.

Host Victory Principle

Ever since the 1964 tournament in Niigata, the host team winning the Emperor's Cup and Empress's Cup has generally become the norm. This is not simply down to that team's preliminary scores, but by a number of factors including the ability to field athletes in every competition and the ability to strengthen athletes with the funding going into newly institutions such as venues and event management. In fact, Nobu Nishimura, the lieutenant governor of Yamaguchi prefecture which hosted the 2011 tournament, said at a party "the hosts have an advantage in events with flagmen (events where the result is decided by officials)" and "even if there's "cheating" they will take first place". When he was criticised, he explained his position by saying "I meant the tendency where host prefectures have an advantage, not that it's ok to break the rules".^[3]

In a move counter to this custom, as a result of then Kōchi prefecture governor, Daijirō Hashimoto, abosolishing it at the 2002 Kochi hosted tournament, host prefecture Kōchi finished in 10th place with Tokyo winning overall. However, this is the only time such an occasion as occurred.

Large Scale Arena Constructions

Recently many host prefectures have built large-scale venues in which to host various events, with a large focus on appearance. Examples include Nagai Stadium, Miyagi Stadium, Ōita Bank Dome, Tohoku Electric Power Big Swan Stadium, Shizuoka Stadium and International Stadium Yokohama. These were generally acknowledged as being built for the 2002 FIFA World Cup, but in reality their construction purpose was to be the main arena of the tournaments (however the International Stadium Yokohama was built with the intention of potentially hosting an Olympic games, and Nagai Stadium was renovated rather than built from scratch). The aforementioned arenas are also sometimes used as a base for J. League football teams based within the prefecture, but other arenas are not used very often following the tournament. In spite of no large-scale events being anticipated as taking place there following the tournament, large amounts of tax payer money continues to go toward its maintenance.

Predecessor

• Before the war, there was a tournament, called the Meiji Shrine Tournament, that was held from 1924 to 1943. It had no winter tournament and was held in each area of Kanto, as a general rule commencing in the outer garden of the Meiji Shrine (an area spanning what is now Shibuya and Shinjuku in Tokyo).

Formation

On 26 December 1945 at the Kishi Memorial Gymnasium, Ryōzō Hiranuma (director of the Japan Sports Association), Izutarō Suehiro (chairman of the Japan Swimming Federation), Sanburō Kiyose, Tatsuo Hisatomi and Keijirō Ishida, who had all held important sporting administrative positions since before the war, proposed holding a national athletics event during talks about how sporting events could take place in the post war period.

In 1946, the group had informal talks with Hiromu Kasuga, the chairman of the Kansai Sports Federation, and formed a board of directors. After having their proposal examined and approval gained from GHQ, they received 400,000 yen from the government to help with costs, and the first tournament was held.

Tournament History

Awarding the Emperor's Cup and Empress's Cup has depend on the prefecture. In the first, second, and the special tournament in 1973, neither were awarded. In the 6th, 7th and 8th tournaments, the winter tournament was split from the summer and autumn tournament. In the 9th tournament, it was divided further by separating the swimming tournament.

Any prefecture that was able to host the winter, summer and autumn tournaments have a ☆ mark at the start of their tournament names.

The tournament names are generally a reference to the autumn tournament. It is possible that the winter tournaments had a different name, especially if they were held elsewhere.

Tournaments in blue show where the host did not win the Emperor's Cup.

Previous events

• American football - First tournament only
• Touch football - Second tournament only
• Corporate baseball - First three tournaments only
• Shinai Kyōgi

Exhibition Sporting Events

There are normally around 20 exhibition events held at the Autumn tournament. The trend is to hold events that make the best use of local features.

• Indiaca
• Orienteering
• Aerobics super session
• Recreational dance
• Houston safety blowgun
• Recreational table tennis
• Hang gliding・Paragliding
• ESCI tennis
• Soft volleyball
• Target bird golf
• Sports chanbara
• Walking
• Futsal
• Sea kayak
• Gateball
• Wushu
• Ground golf
• Tug of war
• Mini softball
• Mini tennis
• Folk dance
• Duathlon
• Kin-ball
• Tee ball
• Mini volleyball
• Cayman golf
• Mallet golf
• Curolling
• Dodgebee
• Taspony
• Cycling
• Wakeboarding
• Petanque
• Billiards
• Skateboarding
• Roller sports
• Bound tennis
• Padel tennis
• Beach football
• Beachball volleyball
• Surfing
• Senior Softball
• Neo-tennis
• Powerlifting
• Darts
• BMX
• Trampobics
• Taidō
• Spolec
• Floorball
• Radio calisthenics
• Rhythmic gymnastics
• 3B gymnastics
• Triathlon
• 5 km and 10 km Jogging marathons
• Protected karate

Boys and Girls Sports

• Dodgeball
• Softball
• Football
• Handball

Disabled Sports

• Blind Football
• Powerchair football
• Disabled softball
• Disabled golf

Winter

• Snowboarding
• Freestyle skiing
• Curling

Future tournaments

• From the 2013 tournament in Tokyo, softball, naginata, jūkendō and the triathlon will take place biannually.
• There are debates underway regarding the implementation of women's events for sports in which there is a women's counterpart in the Olympics. Women's events have been added for Judo (since 1991) and Football (since 1997). There are plans for a 7-a-side women's rugby event, as well as a movement to change women's cycling and wrestling, which are currently exhibition events, into full tournament events.
• Regarding youth sections, there have been motions to place upper limits on the number of participants, due to overcrowding.