N-Hash

In cryptography, N-Hash is a cryptographic hash function based on the FEAL round function, and is now considered insecure. It was proposed in 1990 by Miyaguchi et al.; weaknesses were published the following year.

N-Hash has a 128-bit hash size. A message is divided into 128-bit blocks, and each block is combined with the hash value computed so far using the g compression function. g contains eight rounds, each of which uses an F function, similar to the one used by FEAL.

Eli Biham and Adi Shamir (1991) applied the technique of differential cryptanalysis to N-Hash, and showed that collisions could be generated faster than by a birthday attack for N-Hash variants with even up to 12 rounds.

References

Eli Biham, Adi Shamir (1991). "Differential Cryptanalysis of Feal and N-Hash". EUROCRYPT: 1–16. doi:10.1007/3-540-46416-6_1.
S. Miyaguchi, K. Ohta, and M. Iwata (November 1990). "128-bit hash function (N-hash)". NTT Review. 2 (6): 128–132.

Cryptographic hash functions & message authentication codes
List Comparison Known attacks
Common functions	MD5 SHA-1 SHA-2 SHA-3 BLAKE2
SHA-3 finalists	BLAKE Grøstl JH Skein Keccak (winner)
Other functions	CubeHash ECOH FSB GOST HAS-160 HAVAL Kupyna LM hash MD2 MD4 MD6 MDC-2 N-Hash RIPEMD RadioGatún SM3 SWIFFT Snefru Streebog Tiger VSH Whirlpool
Key derivation functions	Argon2 bcrypt crypt Lyra2 PBKDF2 scrypt
MAC functions	DAA CBC-MAC GMAC HMAC OMAC/CMAC PMAC VMAC UMAC Poly1305 SipHash
Authenticated encryption modes	CCM CWC EAX GCM IAPM OCB
Attacks	Collision attack Preimage attack Birthday attack Brute-force attack Rainbow table Side-channel attack Length extension attack
Design	Avalanche effect Hash collision Merkle–Damgård construction Sponge function HAIFA construction Unique Block Iteration
Standardization	CRYPTREC NESSIE NIST hash function competition
Utilization	Hash-based cryptography Key stretching Merkle tree Message authentication Proof of work Salt Pepper

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