My Fair Lady

My Fair Lady
Original Broadway Poster by Al Hirschfeld
Music Frederick Loewe
Lyrics Alan Jay Lerner
Book Alan Jay Lerner
Basis Pygmalion
by George Bernard Shaw
Productions 1956 Broadway
1957 US Tour
1958 West End
1976 Broadway
1978 UK Tour
1979 West End
1980 US Tour
1981 Broadway
1993 US Tour
1993 Broadway
2001 West End
2005 UK Tour
2007 US Tour
2008 Australia Tour
2016 Australia Tour
2018 Broadway
Awards Tony Award for Best Musical

My Fair Lady is a musical based on George Bernard Shaw's Pygmalion, with book and lyrics by Alan Jay Lerner and music by Frederick Loewe. The story concerns Eliza Doolittle, a Cockney flower girl who takes speech lessons from professor Henry Higgins, a phoneticist, so that she may pass as a lady. The original Broadway and London shows starred Rex Harrison and Julie Andrews.

The musical's 1956 Broadway production was a notable critical and popular success. It set a record for the longest run of any show on Broadway up to that time. It was followed by a hit London production, a popular film version, and many revivals. My Fair Lady has been called "the perfect musical".[1][2]

Plot

Act I

On a rainy night in Edwardian London, opera patrons are waiting for cabs under the arches of the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden. Eliza Doolittle, a Cockney flower girl, runs into a young man called Freddy. She admonishes him for spilling her bunches of violets in the mud, but she cheers up after selling one to an older gentleman. She then flies into an angry outburst when a man copying down her speech is pointed out to her. The man explains that he studies phonetics and can identify anyone's origin from their accent. He laments Eliza's dreadful speech, asking why so many English people don't speak properly and explaining his theory that this is what truly separates social classes, rather than looks or money ("Why Can't the English?"). He declares that in six months he could turn Eliza into a lady by teaching her to speak properly. The older gentleman introduces himself as Colonel Pickering, a linguist who has studied Indian dialects. The phoneticist introduces himself as Henry Higgins, and, as they have both always wanted to meet each other, Higgins invites Pickering to stay at his home in London. He distractedly throws his change into Eliza's basket, and she and her friends wonder what it would be like to live a comfortable life ("Wouldn't It Be Loverly?").

Eliza's father, Alfred P. Doolittle, and his drinking companions, Harry and Jamie, all dustmen, stop by the next morning. He is searching for money for a drink, and Eliza shares her profits with him ("With a Little Bit of Luck"). Pickering and Higgins are discussing vowels at Higgins' home when Mrs Pearce, the housekeeper, informs Higgins that a young woman with a ghastly accent has come to see him. It is Eliza, who has come to take speech lessons so that she can get a job as an assistant in a florist's shop. Pickering wagers that Higgins cannot make good on his claim, and volunteers to pay for Eliza's lessons. An intensive makeover of Eliza's speech, manners and dress begins in preparation for her appearance at the Embassy Ball. Higgins sees himself as a kindhearted, patient man who cannot get along with women ("I'm an Ordinary Man"). To others he appears self-absorbed and misogynistic.

Alfred Doolittle is informed that his daughter has been taken in by Professor Higgins, and considers that he might be able to make a little money from the situation ("With a Little Bit of Luck" [Reprise]).

Doolittle arrives at Higgins' house the next morning, claiming that Higgins is compromising Eliza's virtue. Higgins is impressed by the man's natural gift for language and brazen lack of moral values. He and Doolittle agree that Eliza can continue to take lessons and live at Higgins' house if Higgins gives Doolittle £5 for a spree. Higgins flippantly recommends Doolittle to an American millionaire who has written to Higgins seeking a lecturer on moral values. Meanwhile, Eliza endures speech tutoring, endlessly repeating phrases like "In Hertford, Hereford and Hampshire, hurricanes hardly ever happen” (initially, the only "h" she aspirates is in "hever") and "The rain in Spain stays mainly in the plain" (to practice the "long a" phoneme). Frustrated, she dreams of different ways to kill Higgins, from sickness to drowning to a firing squad ("Just You Wait"). The servants lament the hard "work" Higgins does ("The Servants' Chorus"). Just as they give up, Eliza suddenly recites "The rain in Spain stays mainly in the plain" in perfect upper-class style. Higgins, Eliza, and Pickering happily dance around Higgins' study ("The Rain in Spain"). Thereafter she speaks with impeccable Received Pronunciation. Mrs Pearce, the housekeeper, insists that Eliza go to bed; she declares she is too excited to sleep ("I Could Have Danced All Night").

For her first public tryout, Higgins takes Eliza to his mother's box at Ascot Racecourse ("Ascot Gavotte"). Henry's mother reluctantly agrees to help Eliza make conversation, following Henry's advice that Eliza should stick to two subjects: the weather and everybody's health. Eliza makes a good impression at first with her polite manners but later shocks everyone when she forgets herself while watching a race and reverts to foul language. She does, however, capture the heart of Freddy Eynsford-Hill, the young man she ran into in the opening scene. Freddy calls on Eliza that evening, but she refuses to see him. He declares that he will wait for her as long as necessary in the street outside Higgins' house ("On the Street Where You Live").

Eliza's final test requires her to pass as a lady at the Embassy Ball, and after weeks of preparation, she is ready. All the ladies and gentlemen at the ball admire her, and the Queen of Transylvania invites her to dance with her son, the prince ("Embassy Waltz"). Eliza then dances with Higgins. A rival and former student of Higgins, a Hungarian phoneticist named Zoltan Karpathy, is employed by the hostess to discover Eliza's origins through her speech. Though Pickering and his mother caution him not to, Higgins allows Karpathy to dance with Eliza.

Act II

The event is revealed to have been a success, with Karpathy having concluded that Eliza is "not only Hungarian, but of royal blood. She is a princess!" After the ball, Pickering flatters Higgins on his triumph, and Higgins expresses his pleasure that the experiment is now over ("You Did It"). The episode leaves Eliza feeling used and abandoned. Higgins completely ignores Eliza until he mislays his slippers. He asks her where they are, and she lashes out at him, leaving the clueless professor mystified by her ingratitude. When Eliza decides to leave Higgins, he insults her in frustration and storms off. Eliza cries as she prepares to leave ("Just You Wait" [Reprise]). She finds Freddy still waiting outside ("On the Street Where You Live" [Reprise]). He begins to tell her how much he loves her, but she cuts him off, telling him that she has heard enough words; if he really loves her, he should show it ("Show Me"). She and Freddy return to Covent Garden, where her friends do not recognise her with her newly-refined bearing ("The Flower Market/Wouldn't It Be Loverly?" [Reprise]). By chance, her father is there as well, dressed in a fine suit. He explains that he received a surprise bequest of £4000 a year from the American millionaire, which has raised him to middle-class respectability, and now must marry Eliza's "stepmother", the woman with whom he has been living for many years. Eliza sees that she no longer belongs in Covent Garden, and she and Freddy depart. Doolittle and his friends have one last spree before the wedding ("Get Me to the Church on Time").

Higgins awakens the next morning to find that, without Eliza, he has tea instead of coffee, and cannot find his own files. He wonders why she left after the triumph at the ball and concludes that men (especially himself) are far superior to women ("A Hymn to Him"). Pickering, becoming annoyed with Higgins, leaves to stay with his friend at the Home Office. Higgins seeks his mother's advice and finds Eliza having tea with her. Higgins' mother leaves Higgins and Eliza together. Eliza explains that Higgins has always treated her as a flower girl, but she learned to be a lady because Pickering treated her as one. Higgins claims he treated her the same way that Pickering did because both Higgins and Pickering treat all women alike. Eliza accuses him of wanting her only to fetch and carry for him, saying that she will marry Freddy because he loves her. She declares she no longer needs Higgins, saying she was foolish to think she did ("Without You"). Higgins is struck by Eliza's spirit and independence and wants her to stay with him, but she tells him that he will not see her again.

As Higgins walks home, he realises he has grown attached to Eliza ("I've Grown Accustomed to Her Face"). He cannot bring himself to confess that he loves her, and insists to himself that if she marries Freddy and then comes back to him, he will not accept her. But he finds it difficult to imagine being alone again. He reviews the recording he made of the morning Eliza first came to him for lessons. He hears his own harsh words: "She's so deliciously low! So horribly dirty!" Then the phonograph turns off, and a real voice speaks in a Cockney accent: "I washed me face an' 'ands before I come, I did". It is Eliza, standing in the doorway, tentatively returning to him. The musical ends on an ambiguous moment of possible reconciliation between teacher and pupil, as Higgins slouches and asks, "Eliza, where the devil are my slippers?"

Characters and original Broadway cast

The original cast of the Broadway stage production:[3]

Musical numbers

Background

In the mid-1930s, film producer Gabriel Pascal acquired the rights to produce film versions of several of George Bernard Shaw's plays, Pygmalion among them. However, Shaw, having had a bad experience with The Chocolate Soldier, a Viennese operetta based on his play Arms and the Man, refused permission for Pygmalion to be adapted into a musical. After Shaw died in 1950, Pascal asked lyricist Alan Jay Lerner to write the musical adaptation. Lerner agreed, and he and his partner Frederick Loewe began work. But they quickly realised that the play violated several key rules for constructing a musical: the main story was not a love story, there was no subplot or secondary love story, and there was no place for an ensemble.[4] Many people, including Oscar Hammerstein II, who, with Richard Rodgers, had also tried his hand at adapting Pygmalion into a musical and had given up, told Lerner that converting the play to a musical was impossible, so he and Loewe abandoned the project for two years.[5]

During this time, the collaborators separated and Gabriel Pascal died. Lerner had been trying to musicalize Li'l Abner when he read Pascal's obituary and found himself thinking about Pygmalion again.[6] When he and Loewe reunited, everything fell into place. All the insurmountable obstacles that had stood in their way two years earlier disappeared when the team realised that the play needed few changes apart from (according to Lerner) "adding the action that took place between the acts of the play".[7] They then excitedly began writing the show. However, Chase Manhattan Bank was in charge of Pascal's estate, and the musical rights to Pygmalion were sought both by Lerner and Loewe and by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, whose executives called Lerner to discourage him from challenging the studio. Loewe said, "We will write the show without the rights, and when the time comes for them to decide who is to get them, we will be so far ahead of everyone else that they will be forced to give them to us."[8] For five months Lerner and Loewe wrote, hired technical designers, and made casting decisions. The bank, in the end, granted them the musical rights.

Lerner settled on the title My Fair Lady, relating both to one of Shaw's provisional titles for Pygmalion, Fair Eliza, and to the final line of every verse of the nursery rhyme "London Bridge Is Falling Down". Recalling that the Gershwins' 1925 musical Tell Me More had been titled My Fair Lady in its out-of-town tryout, and also had a musical number under that title, Lerner made a courtesy call to Ira Gershwin, alerting him to the use of the title for the Lerner and Loewe musical.

Noël Coward was the first to be offered the role of Henry Higgins, but he turned it down, suggesting the producers cast Rex Harrison instead.[9] After much deliberation, Harrison agreed to accept the part. Mary Martin was an early choice for the role of Eliza Doolittle, but declined the role.[10] Young actress Julie Andrews was "discovered" and cast as Eliza after the show's creative team went to see her Broadway debut in The Boy Friend. Moss Hart agreed to direct after hearing only two songs. The experienced orchestrators Robert Russell Bennett and Philip J. Lang were entrusted with the arrangements, and the show quickly went into rehearsal.

The musical's script used several scenes that Shaw had written especially for the 1938 film version of Pygmalion, including the Embassy Ball sequence and the final scene of the 1938 film rather than the ending for Shaw's original play. The montage showing Eliza's lessons was also expanded, combining both Lerner's and Shaw's dialogue. The artwork on the original playbill (and the sleeve of the cast recording) is by Al Hirschfeld, who drew the playwright Shaw as a heavenly puppetmaster pulling the strings on the Henry Higgins character, while Higgins in turn attempts to control Eliza Doolittle.

Productions

Original Broadway production

The musical had its pre-Broadway tryout at New Haven's Shubert Theatre. At the first preview Rex Harrison, who was unaccustomed to singing in front of a live orchestra, "announced that under no circumstances would he go on that night...with those thirty-two interlopers in the pit".[11] He locked himself in his dressing room and came out little more than an hour before curtain time. The whole company had been dismissed but were recalled, and opening night was a success.[12] My Fair Lady then played for four weeks at the Erlanger Theatre in Philadelphia, beginning on February 15, 1956.

The musical premiered on Broadway March 15, 1956, at the Mark Hellinger Theatre in New York City. It transferred to the Broadhurst Theatre and then The Broadway Theatre, where it closed on September 29, 1962, after 2,717 performances, a record at the time. Moss Hart directed and Hanya Holm was choreographer. In addition to stars Rex Harrison, Julie Andrews and Stanley Holloway, the original cast included Robert Coote, Cathleen Nesbitt, John Michael King, and Reid Shelton.[13] Harrison was replaced by Edward Mulhare in November 1957 and Sally Ann Howes replaced Andrews in February 1958.[14][15]

The Original Cast Recording, released on April 2, 1956, went on to become the best-selling album in the country in 1956.[16]

Original London production

The West End production, in which Harrison, Andrews, Coote, and Holloway reprised their roles, opened on April 30, 1958, at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, where it ran for five and a half years[17] (2,281 performances). Edwardian musical comedy star Zena Dare made her last appearance in the musical as Mrs. Higgins.[18] Leonard Weir played Freddy. Harrison left the London cast in March 1959, followed by Andrews in August 1959 and Holloway in October 1959.

1970s revivals

The first revival opened at the St. James Theatre on Broadway on March 25, 1976, and ran there until December 5, 1976; it then transferred to the Lunt-Fontanne Theatre, running from December 9, 1976, until it closed on February 20, 1977, after a total of 377 performances and 7 previews. The director was Jerry Adler, with choreography by Crandall Diehl, based on the original choreography by Hanya Holm. Ian Richardson starred as Higgins, with Christine Andreas as Eliza, George Rose as Alfred P. Doolittle and Robert Coote recreating his role as Pickering.[13] Both Richardson and Rose were nominated for the Tony Award for Best Actor in a Musical, with the award going to Rose.

A London revival opened at the Adelphi Theatre in October 1979, with Tony Britton as Higgins, Liz Robertson as Eliza, Dame Anna Neagle as Higgins' mother, Peter Bayliss, Richard Caldicot and Peter Land. The revival was produced by Cameron Mackintosh and directed by the author, Alan Jay Lerner. A national tour was directed by Robin Midgley.[19][20][21] Gillian Lynne choreographed.[22] Britton and Robertson were both nominated for Olivier Awards.[23]

1981 and 1993 Broadway revivals

Another Broadway revival of the original production opened at the Uris Theatre on August 18, 1981, and closed on November 29, 1981, after 120 performances and 4 previews. Rex Harrison recreated his role as Higgins, with Jack Gwillim, Milo O'Shea, and Cathleen Nesbitt, at 93 years old reprising her role as Mrs. Higgins. The revival co-starred Nancy Ringham as Eliza. The director was Patrick Garland, with choreography by Crandall Diehl, recreating the original Hanya Holm dances.[13][24]

A new revival directed by Howard Davies opened at the Virginia Theatre on December 9, 1993, and closed on May 1, 1994, after 165 performances and 16 previews. The cast starred Richard Chamberlain, Melissa Errico and Paxton Whitehead. Julian Holloway, son of Stanley Holloway, recreated his father's role of Alfred P. Doolittle. Donald Saddler was the choreographer.[13][25]

2001 London revival; 2003 Hollywood Bowl production

Cameron Mackintosh produced a new production on March 15, 2001, at the Royal National Theatre, which transferred to the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane on July 21. Directed by Trevor Nunn, with choreography by Matthew Bourne, the musical starred Martine McCutcheon as Eliza and Jonathan Pryce as Higgins, with Dennis Waterman as Alfred P. Doolittle. This revival won three Olivier Awards: Outstanding Musical Production, Best Actress in a Musical (Martine McCutcheon) and Best Theatre Choreographer (Matthew Bourne), with Anthony Ward receiving a nomination for Set Design.[26] In December 2001, Joanna Riding took over the role of Eliza, and in May 2002, Alex Jennings took over as Higgins, both winning Olivier Awards for Best Actor and Best Actress in a Musical respectively in 2003.[27] In March 2003, Anthony Andrews and Laura Michelle Kelly took over the roles until the show closed on August 30, 2003.[28]

A UK tour of this production began September 28, 2005. The production starred Amy Nuttall and Lisa O'Hare as Eliza, Christopher Cazenove as Henry Higgins, Russ Abbot and Gareth Hale as Alfred Doolittle, and Honor Blackman[29] and Hannah Gordon as Mrs. Higgins. The tour ended August 12, 2006.[30]

In 2003 a production of the musical at the Hollywood Bowl starred John Lithgow as Henry Higgins, Melissa Errico as Eliza Doolittle, Roger Daltrey as Alfred P. Doolittle and Paxton Whitehead as Colonel Pickering.[31]

2018 Broadway revival

Lincoln Center Theater and Nederlander Presentations Inc. announced plans to mount a new Broadway revival in 2018. The revival began previews on March 15, 2018, at the Vivian Beaumont Theater and officially opened on April 19, 2018. It is directed by Bartlett Sher with choreography by Christopher Gattelli, scenic design by Michael Yeargan, costume design by Catherine Zuber and lighting design by Donald Holder.[32] The cast includes Lauren Ambrose as Eliza, Harry Hadden-Paton as Professor Henry Higgins, Diana Rigg as Mrs. Higgins, Norbert Leo Butz as Alfred P. Doolittle, Allan Corduner as Colonel Pickering, Jordan Donica as Freddy, and Linda Mugleston as Mrs. Pearce.[33][34] It was announced on August 2, 2018 that Rosemary Harris will replace Rigg as Mrs. Higgins from September 11, 2018.[35] On August 23, 2018 it was announced that Laura Benanti will replace Ambrose as Eliza for a limited engagement from October 23, 2018 to February 17, 2019.[36]

Other major productions

Berlin, 1961

A German translation of My Fair Lady opened on October 1, 1961, at the Theater des Westens in Berlin, starring Karin Hübner and Paul Hubschmid (and conducted, as was the Broadway opening, by Franz Allers). Coming at the height of Cold War tensions, just weeks after the closing of the East Berlin–West Berlin border and the erection of the Berlin Wall, this was the first staging of a Broadway musical in Berlin since World War II. As such it was seen as a symbol of West Berlin's cultural renaissance and resistance. Lost attendance from East Berlin (now no longer possible) was partly made up by a "musical air bridge" of flights bringing in patrons from West Germany, and the production was embraced by Berliners, running for two years.[37][38]

2007 New York Philharmonic concert and US tour

In 2007 the New York Philharmonic held a full-costume concert presentation of the musical. The concert had a four-day engagement lasting from March 7–10 at Lincoln Center's Avery Fisher Hall. It starred Kelsey Grammer as Higgins, Kelli O'Hara as Eliza, Charles Kimbrough as Pickering, and Brian Dennehy as Alfred Doolittle. Marni Nixon played Mrs. Higgins; Nixon had provided the singing voice of Audrey Hepburn in the film version.[39]

A U.S. tour of Mackintosh's 2001 West End production ran from September 12, 2007, to June 22, 2008.[40] The production starred Christopher Cazenove as Higgins, Lisa O'Hare as Eliza, Walter Charles as Pickering, Tim Jerome as Alfred Doolittle[41] and Nixon as Mrs. Higgins, replacing Sally Ann Howes.[42]

2008 Australian tour

An Australian tour produced by Opera Australia commenced in May 2008. The production starred Reg Livermore as Higgins, Taryn Fiebig as Eliza, Robert Grubb as Alfred Doolittle and Judi Connelli as Mrs Pearce. John Wood took the role of Alfred Doolittle in Queensland, and Richard E. Grant played the role of Henry Higgins at the Theatre Royal, Sydney.[43]

2010 Paris revival

A new production was staged by Robert Carsen at the Théâtre du Châtelet in Paris for a limited 27-performance run, opening December 9, 2010, and closing January 2, 2011. It was presented in English. The costumes were designed by Anthony Powell and the choreography was by Lynne Page. The cast was as follows: Sarah Gabriel / Christine Arand (Eliza Doolittle), Alex Jennings (Henry Higgins), Margaret Tyzack (Mrs. Higgins), Nicholas Le Prevost (Colonel Pickering), Donald Maxwell (Alfred Doolittle), and Jenny Galloway (Mrs. Pearce).[44]

2012 Sheffield production

A new production of My Fair Lady opened at Sheffield Crucible on December 13, 2012. Dominic West played Henry Higgins, and Carly Bawden played Eliza Doolittle. Sheffield Theatres' Artistic Director Daniel Evans was the director. The production ran until January 26, 2013.[45][46]

2016 Australian production

The Gordon Frost Organisation, together with Opera Australia, presented a production at the Sydney Opera House from August 30 to November 5, 2016. It was directed by Dame Julie Andrews and featured the set and costume designs of the original 1956 production by Oliver Smith and Cecil Beaton.[47] The production sold more tickets than any other in the history of the Sydney Opera House.[48] The show is then planned to tour to Brisbane from March 12 and Melbourne from May 11. The show's opening run in Sydney was so successful that in November 2016, ticket pre-sales were released for a re-run in Sydney, with the extra shows scheduled between August 24 and September 10, 2017, at the Capitol Theatre.

The cast featured Alex Jennings as Henry Higgins (later Charles Edwards), Anna O'Byrne as Eliza Doolittle (later Elisa Colla), Reg Livermore as Alfred P. Doolittle, Robyn Nevin as Mrs. Higgins (later Pamela Rabe), Mark Vincent as Freddy Eynsford-Hill (later Joel Parnis), Tony Llewellyn-Jones as Colonel Pickering, Deidre Rubenstein as Mrs. Pearce, and David Whitney as Karpathy (later Glen Hogstrom).[49][50][51]

Critical reception

According to Geoffrey Block, "Opening night critics immediately recognized that My Fair Lady fully measured up to the Rodgers and Hammerstein model of an integrated musical...Robert Coleman...wrote 'The Lerner-Loewe songs are not only delightful, they advance the action as well. They are ever so much more than interpolations, or interruptions.'"[52] The musical opened to "unanimously glowing reviews, one of which said 'Don't bother reading this review now. You'd better sit right down and send for those tickets...' Critics praised the thoughtful use of Shaw's original play, the brilliance of the lyrics, and Loewe's well-integrated score."[53]

A sampling of praise from critics, excerpted from a book form of the musical, published in 1956.[54]

The reception from Shavians was more mixed, however. Eric Bentley, for instance, called it "a terrible treatment of Mr. Shaw's play, [undermining] the basic idea [of the play]", even though he acknowledged it as "a delightful show".[55]

Principal roles and casting history

Character Broadway
(1956)[56]		 West End
(1958)[57]		 Broadway
(1976)[58]		 West End
(1979)[59]		 Broadway
(1981)[60]		 Broadway
(1993)[61]		 West End
(2001)[62]		 Hollywood Bowl
(2003)[63][64]		 Broadway
(2018)[65]
Eliza Doolittle
Julie Andrews
 Christine Andreas Liz Robertson Nancy Ringham Melissa Errico Martine McCutcheon Melissa Errico Lauren Ambrose
Henry Higgins
Rex Harrison
 Ian Richardson Tony Britton Rex Harrison Richard Chamberlain Jonathan Pryce John Lithgow Harry Hadden-Paton
Alfred P. Doolittle
Stanley Holloway
 George Rose Peter Bayliss[66] Milo O'Shea Julian Holloway Dennis Waterman Roger Daltrey Norbert Leo Butz
Mrs. Higgins Cathleen Nesbitt Zena Dare Brenda Forbes Anna Neagle Cathleen Nesbitt Dolores Sutton Caroline Blakiston Rosemary Harris Diana Rigg
Colonel Hugh Pickering
Robert Coote
 Richard Caldicot Jack Gwillim Paxton Whitehead Nicholas Le Prevost Paxton Whitehead Allan Corduner
Freddy Eynsford-Hill John Michael King Leonard Weir Jerry Lanning Peter Land[67] Nicholas Wyman Robert Sella Mark Umbers Kevin Early Jordan Donica
Mrs. Pearce Philippa Bevans Betty Woolfe Sylvia O'Brien Betty Paul[68] Marian Baer Glynis Bell Patsy Rowlands Lauri Johnson Linda Mugleston
Zoltan Karpathy Christopher Hewett Max Oldaker John Clarkson Kalman Glass Jack Sevier James Young Sevan Stephan Manu Narayan

Awards and nominations

Original Broadway production

Sources: BroadwayWorld[69] TheatreWorldAwards[70]

Year Award Category Nominee Result
1956 Theatre World Award Outstanding New York City Stage Debut Performance John Michael King Won
1957 Tony Award Best Musical Won
Best Performance by a Leading Actor in a Musical Rex Harrison Won
Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Musical Julie Andrews Nominated
Best Performance by a Featured Actor in a Musical Robert Coote Nominated
Stanley Holloway Nominated
Best Direction of a Musical Moss Hart Won
Best Choreography Hanya Holm Nominated
Best Scenic Design Oliver Smith Won
Best Costume Design Cecil Beaton Won
Best Conductor and Musical Director Franz Allers Won

1976 Broadway revival

Sources: BroadwayWorld[71] Drama Desk[72]

Year Award Category Nominee Result
1976 Tony Award Best Performance by a Leading Actor in a Musical Ian Richardson Nominated
George Rose Won
Drama Desk Award Outstanding Revival of a Musical Nominated
Outstanding Actor in a Musical Ian Richardson Won
Outstanding Featured Actor in a Musical George Rose Won
Outstanding Director of a Musical Jerry Adler Nominated

1979 London revival

Source: Olivier Awards[73]

Year Award Category Nominee Result
1979 Laurence Olivier Award Best Actor in a Musical Tony Britton Nominated
Best Actress in a Musical Liz Robertson Nominated

1981 Broadway revival

Source: BroadwayWorld[74]

Year Award Category Nominee Result
1982 Tony Award Best Revival Nominated

1993 Broadway revival

Source: Drama Desk[75]

Year Award Category Nominee Result
1993 Drama Desk Award Outstanding Revival of a Musical Nominated
Outstanding Actress in a Musical Melissa Errico Nominated
Outstanding Costume Design Patricia Zipprodt Nominated

2001 London revival

Source: Olivier Awards[76]

Year Award Category Nominee Result
2002 Laurence Olivier Award Outstanding Musical Production Won
Best Actor in a Musical Jonathan Pryce Nominated
Best Actress in a Musical Martine McCutcheon Won
Best Performance in a Supporting Role in a Musical Nicholas Le Prevost Nominated
Best Theatre Choreographer Matthew Bourne Won
Best Set Design Anthony Ward Nominated
Best Costume Design Nominated
Best Lighting Design David Hersey Nominated
2003 Best Actor in a Musical Alex Jennings Won
Best Actress in a Musical Joanna Riding Won

2018 Broadway revival

Year Award Category Nominee Result
2018 Tony Award Best Revival of a Musical Nominated
Best Actor in a Musical Harry Hadden-Paton Nominated
Best Actress in a Musical Lauren Ambrose Nominated
Best Featured Actor in a Musical Norbert Leo Butz Nominated
Best Featured Actress in a Musical Diana Rigg Nominated
Best Direction of a Musical Bartlett Sher Nominated
Best Choreography Christopher Gattelli Nominated
Best Scenic Design in a Musical Michael Yeargan Nominated
Best Lighting Design in a Musical Donald Holder Nominated
Best Costume Design in a Musical Catherine Zuber Won
Drama Desk Award Outstanding Revival of a Musical Won
Outstanding Actor in a Musical Harry Hadden-Paton Nominated
Outstanding Featured Actress in a Musical Diana Rigg Nominated
Outstanding Director of a Musical Bartlett Sher Nominated
Costume Design for a Musical Catherine Zuber Won
Drama League Award Outstanding Revival of a Broadway or Off-Broadway Musical Won
Distinguished Performance Award[77] Lauren Ambrose Nominated
Harry Hadden-Paton Nominated
Outer Critics Circle Award Outstanding Revival of a Musical Won
Outstanding Actor in a Musical Harry Hadden-Paton Nominated
Outstanding Actress in a Musical Lauren Ambrose Won
Outstanding Featured Actor in a Musical Norbert Leo Butz Won
Outstanding Director of a Musical Bartlett Sher Won[78]
Outstanding Choreography Christopher Gattelli Nominated
Outstanding Set Design (Play or Musical) Michael Yeagan Nominated
Outstanding Costume Design (Play or Musical) Catherine Zuber Won
Outstanding Sound Design (Play or Musical) Marc Salzberg Nominated

Adaptations

1964 film

An Oscar-winning film version was made in 1964, directed by George Cukor and with Harrison again in the part of Higgins. The casting of Audrey Hepburn instead of Julie Andrews as Eliza was controversial, partly because theatregoers regarded Andrews as perfect for the part and partly because Hepburn's singing voice was dubbed (by Marni Nixon). Jack L. Warner, the head of Warner Bros., which produced the film, wanted "a star with a great deal of name recognition", but since Julie Andrews did not have any film experience, he thought a movie with her would not be as successful.[79] (Andrews went on to star in Mary Poppins that same year for which she won both the Academy Award and the Golden Globe for Best Actress.) Lerner in particular disliked the film version of the musical, thinking it did not live up to the standards of Moss Hart's original direction. He was also unhappy with the casting of Hepburn as Eliza Doolittle and that the film was shot in its entirety at the Warner Bros. studio rather than, as he would have preferred, in London.[80] Despite the controversy, My Fair Lady was considered a major critical and box office success, ultimately going on to win eight Academy Awards, including Best Picture of the Year, Best Actor for Rex Harrison, and Best Director for George Cukor.

Unrealized film in 2000s

A new film adaptation was announced by Columbia Pictures in 2008,[81] but as of May 5, 2014, the project had been shelved.[82] The intention was to shoot on location in Covent Garden, Drury Lane, Tottenham Court Road, Wimpole Street and the Ascot Racecourse.[83] In December 2009, it was announced that John Madden had been signed to direct it and in 2011 it was reported that Colin Firth and Carey Mulligan were possible choices for the leading roles. Emma Thompson wrote a new screenplay adaptation for the project.[84]

Notes

  1. ↑ See, e.g., Steyn, Mark. Broadway Babies Say Goodnight: Musicals Then and Now, Routledge (1999), p. 119 ISBN 0-415-92286-0
  2. ↑ Steyn, Mark. "Broadway Babies Say Goodnight:". Google Books. Retrieved 7 September 2018.
  3. 1 2 "'My Fair Lady' Synopsis, Cast, Scenes and Settings and Musical Numbers" guidetomusicaltheatre.com, accessed December 7, 2011.
  4. ↑ Lerner, p. 36.
  5. ↑ Lerner, p. 38.
  6. ↑ Lerner, p. 39.
  7. ↑ Lerner, pp. 43–44.
  8. ↑ Lerner, p. 47.
  9. ↑ Morley, Sheridan. A Talent to Amuse: A Biography of Noël Coward, p. 369, Doubleday & Company, 1969.
  10. ↑ "Extravagant Crowd: Mary Martin", Beinecke Library, Yale University, accessed December 9, 2011.
  11. ↑ Lerner, p. 104.
  12. ↑ Schreiber, Brad. Stop the show!: a history of insane incidents and absurd accidents in the theater (2006), Thunder's Mouth Press, ISBN 1-56025-820-9, pp. 137–138.
  13. 1 2 3 4 Suskin, Steven. "'My Fair Lady', 1956, 1976, and 1981"Show tunes: the songs, shows, and careers of Broadway's major composers (2010, 4ed.), Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-531407-7, p. 224.
  14. ↑ Vallance, Thomas. "Obituary: Edward Mulhare" The Independent (UK), May 27, 1997.
  15. ↑ "A Fiery 'Fair Lady' Takes Over"Life Magazine, March 3, 1958, p. Front Cover, 51–54.
  16. ↑ "Billboard Albums, 'My Fair Lady'", Allmusic.com, accessed December 5, 2011.
  17. ↑ "My Fair Lady Facts" Archived 2011-11-27 at the Wayback Machine., Myfairladythemusical.com, accessed December 5, 2011.
  18. ↑ "Zena Dare" Archived 2012-04-26 at the Wayback Machine., The-camerino-players.com, accessed December 5, 2011.
  19. ↑ "International News", The Associated Press, October 26, 1979 ("Twenty-one years after Eliza Doolittle first straightened out her A's to the delight of Professor Higgins, "My Fair Lady" reopened in London Thursday night to rave notices.")
  20. ↑ Borders, William. "A New Fair Lady Delights London Theatergoers", The New York Times, November 26, 1979, p. C15.
  21. ↑ "'My Fair Lady', 1979", Phyllis.demon.co.uk, accessed December 7, 2011.
  22. ↑ "0 Questions With...Liz Robertson", Whatsonstage.com, April 22, 2002.
  23. ↑ "Olivier Winners 1979" Archived 2012-01-12 at the Wayback Machine., Olivierawards.com, accessed December 5, 2011.
  24. ↑ Gussow, Mel. "The Stage: 'My Fair Lady' Returns"The New York Times, August 19, 1981.
  25. ↑ Simon, John. "This Lady Is For Burning"New York Magazine, January 3, 1994.
  26. ↑ "Olivier Winners 2002" Archived 2012-01-12 at the Wayback Machine. olivierawards.com, accessed December 5, 2011.
  27. ↑ "Olivier Winners 2003" Archived 2012-01-12 at the Wayback Machine. olivierawards.com, accessed December 5, 2011.
  28. ↑ "'My Fair Lady', 2001–2003" Archived 2010-09-17 at the Wayback Machine., Albemarle-london.com, accessed December 5, 2011.
  29. ↑ Langley, Sid. "Finding The Fair Lady Twice OVER", Birmingham Post, September 16, 2005, p. 13.
  30. ↑ Bicknell, Gareth. "Gareth Hale is in My Fair Lady at Wales Millennium Centre from Tuesday, July 25 to Saturday, August 12". "Change of pace for versatile actor Hale", Daily Post (Liverpool), July 21, 2006. p. 24.
  31. ↑ Gans, Andrew (14 May 2003). "Errico, Lithgow, Daltrey to Star in Hollywood Bowl My Fair Lady Concert". Archived from the original on 29 June 2011. Retrieved February 13, 2011.
  32. ↑ "First New Production of 'My Fair Lady' in 25 Years to 'Dance All Night' on Broadway Next Spring" Broadway World, March 6, 2017
  33. ↑ McPhee, Ryan. "Broadway's New 'My Fair Lady' Finds Its Stars in Lauren Ambrose and Harry Hadden-Paton" Playbill, October 5, 2017
  34. ↑ Fierberg, Ruthie; Hetrick, Adam. "Read Reviews for Broadway’s Latest Revival of 'My Fair Lady', Starring Lauren Ambrose" Playbill, April 19, 2018
  35. ↑ Clement, Olivia. "Rosemary Harris to Join the Cast of Broadway’s ‘My Fair Lady’" Playbill, August 2, 2018
  36. ↑ Fierberg, Ruthie."Laura Benanti Will Star as Eliza Doolittle in Broadway’s ‘My Fair Lady’" Playbill, August 23, 2018
  37. ↑ Peter E. Müller (July 31, 2006). "Karin Hübner (1936-2006)". Die Welt (The World). Retrieved February 11, 2017. (in German)
  38. ↑ Birgit Walter (October 22, 2011). "Theater des Westens Ein Million für diese Lady" [Theater of the West – A Million For This Lady]. Berliner Zeitung. Missing or empty |url= (help); |access-date= requires |url= (help) (in German)
  39. ↑ Lawson, Kyle. "Marni Nixon in My Fair Lady" The Arizona Republic, June 10, 2008.
  40. ↑ US Tour information MyFairLadyTheMusical.com
  41. ↑ Tim Jerome bio Archived 2007-10-12 at the Wayback Machine.
  42. ↑ Gans, Andrew. "Marni Nixon to Join My Fair Lady Tour in Chicago" playbill.com, August 28, 2007.
  43. ↑ "My Fair Lady". AusStage. Retrieved September 8, 2017.
  44. ↑ My Fair Lady listing (in French), Chatelet-theatre.com, retrieved December 15, 2010.
  45. ↑ My Fair Lady sheffieldtheatres.co.uk
  46. ↑ "Crucible's 'My Fair Lady', Starring Dominic West and Carly Bawden, Aiming for West End, May 2013?" broadwayworld.com, January 3, 2013.
  47. ↑ Spring, Alexandra. "Julie Andrews to direct Sydney Opera House production of 'My Fair Lady'" The Guardian, August 4, 2015.
  48. ↑ "‘My Fair Lady’ musical by Julie Andrews sold more tickets than any other production in history" Daily Telegraph, October 2016
  49. ↑ My Fair Lady opera.org.au
  50. ↑ My Fair Lady opera.org.au
  51. ↑ My Fair Lady opera.org.au
  52. ↑ Block, Geoffrey. Enchanted Evenings: The Broadway Musical from Show Boat to Sondheim, Oxford University Press US, 2004, ISBN 0-19-516730-9, p. 228.
  53. ↑ Everett, William A., Laird, Paul R. The Cambridge Companion to the Musical, Cambridge University Press, 2008 (Ed.2), ISBN 0-521-86238-8, p. 176.
  54. ↑ My Fair Lady: A Musical Play in Two Acts. Based on Pygmalion by George Bernard Shaw. Adaptation and lyrics by Alan Jay Lerner, Music by Frederick Loewe. New York: Doward-McCann, Inc., 1956.
  55. ↑ Video on YouTube
  56. ↑ "My Fair Lady: Mark Hellinger Theatre". Internet Broadway Database.
  57. ↑ "My Fair Lady West End Cast". Broadway World.
  58. ↑ "My Fair Lady: St. James Theatre". Internet Broadway Database.
  59. ↑ McHugh, Dominic (2014). Loverly: The Life and Times of My Fair Lady (1st ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 187. ISBN 9780199381005.
  60. ↑ "My Fair Lady: Uris Theatre". Internet Broadway Database.
  61. ↑ "My Fair Lady: Virginia Theatre". Internet Broadway Database.
  62. ↑ "My Fair Lady West End Revival Cast". Broadway World.
  63. ↑ Miller, Daryl H. (August 5, 2003). "This 'Fair Lady' is exceptional". LA Times.
  64. ↑ Gans, Andrew (May 19, 2003). "Rosemary Harris will play Mrs. Higgins in the upcoming Aug. 3 concert of My Fair Lady at the Hollywood Bowl". Playbill.
  65. ↑ "Who's Who". Lincoln Center Theater.
  66. ↑ Barnes, Peter (August 4, 2002). "Obituary: Peter Bayliss". The Guardian.
  67. ↑ "Following Onstage Collapse, Peter Land Departs RUTHLESS! Off-Broadway". Broadway World. July 30, 2015. ...the Alan Jay Lerner-directed My Fair Lady (Freddy Eynsford-Hill)...
  68. ↑ "Betty Paul: Stage and screen actress and writer of ITV's first rural soap opera". The Independent. April 12, 2011. Paul returned to acting for a two-year run in the West End as Mrs Pearce, the housekeeper, in My Fair Lady (1979-81).
  69. ↑ "Tony Awards, 1957", Broadwayworld.com, accessed December 6, 2011.
  70. ↑ "Previous Theatre World Award Recipients, 1955–56", Theatreworldawards.org, accessed December 6, 2011.
  71. ↑ "Tony Awards, 1976", Broadwayworld.com, accessed December 6, 2011.
  72. ↑ "1975–1976 22nd Drama Desk Awards", Dramadesk.com, accessed December 6, 2011.
  73. ↑ "Olivier Winners 1979" Archived 2012-01-12 at the Wayback Machine. olivierawards.com, accessed December 6, 2011.
  74. ↑ "Tony Awards, 1982", Broadwayworld.com, accessed December 6, 2011.
  75. ↑ "1993–1994 40th Drama Desk Awards", Dramadesk.com, accessed December 6, 2011.
  76. ↑ "Olivier Winners 2002" Archived 2012-01-12 at the Wayback Machine. olivierawards.com, accessed December 6, 2011.
  77. ↑ Norbert Leo Butz was ineligible for this award for his performance as Alfred Doolittle, as he had already won the award in a previous year
  78. ↑ Tied with Tina Landau for SpongeBob SquarePants
  79. ↑ Roman, James W. "My Fair Lady" Bigger Than Blockbusters: Movies That Defined America, ABC-CLIO, 2009, ISBN 0-313-33995-3, pp. 125–126.
  80. ↑ Lerner, The Street Where I Live pp 134–6.
  81. ↑ Gans, Andrew (2008-06-02). "Columbia Pictures and CBS Films to Develop New My Fair Lady Film". Playbill. Archived from the original on 2008-06-07. Retrieved 2008-06-06.
  82. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2014-05-06. Retrieved 2014-05-06.
  83. ↑ "Variety, June 5, 2008".
  84. ↑ Lyttelton, Oliver. "Colin Firth Again Being Pursued For 'My Fair Lady' Remake; Carey Mulligan Still Attached", Indiewire.com, February 18, 2011, accessed December 9, 2011.

References

  • Citron, David (1995). The Wordsmiths: Oscar Hammerstein 2nd and Alan Jay Lerner, Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-508386-5
  • Garebian, Keith (1998). The Making of My Fair Lady, Mosaic Press. ISBN 0-88962-653-7
  • Green, Benny, Editor (1987). A Hymn to Him : The Lyrics of Alan Jay Lerner, Hal Leonard Corporation. ISBN 0-87910-109-1
  • Jablonski, Edward (1996). Alan Jay Lerner: A Biography, Henry Holt & Co. ISBN 0-8050-4076-5
  • Lees, Gene (2005). The Musical Worlds of Lerner and Loewe, Bison Books. ISBN 0-8032-8040-8
  • Lerner, Alan Jay (1985). The Street Where I Live, Da Capo Press. ISBN 0-306-80602-9
  • McHugh, Dominic. Loverly: The Life and Times of "My Fair Lady" (Oxford University Press; 2012) 265 pages; uses unpublished documents to study the five-year process of the original production.
  • Shapiro, Doris (1989). We Danced All Night: My Life Behind the Scenes With Alan Jay Lerner, Barricade Books. ISBN 0-942637-98-4
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