Fungiidae

Fungiidae
Fungia scutaria
Scientific classification
Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Cnidaria
Class:Anthozoa
Order:Scleractinia
Suborder:Fungiina
Family:Fungiidae
Dana, 1846 [1]
Genera
See text

The Fungiidae (/fəŋˈɡiːɪdi/) are a family of Cnidaria, often known as mushroom corals. The family contains thirteen extant genera. They range from solitary corals to colonial species. Some genera such as Cycloseris and Fungia are solitary organisms, Polyphyllia consists of a single organism with multiple mouths, and Ctenactis and Herpolitha might be considered as solitary organisms with multiple mouths or a colony of individuals, each with its separate mouth.[2]

Characteristics

Species are generally solitary marine animals capable of benthic locomotion.[3][4] These corals often appear to be bleached or dead.[5] In most genera, a single polyp emerges from the center of the skeleton to feed at night. Most species remain fully detached from the substrate in adulthood. Some are immobile as well as colonial.[6][7]

Ecology

Some species of mushroom coral such as Fungia repanda and Ctenactis echinata are able to change sex. This is posited to take place in response to environmental or energetic constraints, and to improve the organism's evolutionary fitness; similar phenomena are observed in some dioecious plants.[8]

Genera

The World Register of Marine Species includes these genera in the family:[1]

  • Cantharellus Hoeksema & Best, 1984
  • Ctenactis Verrill, 1864
  • Cycloseris Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849
  • Danafungia Wells, 1966
  • Fungia Lamarck, 1801
  • Halomitra Dana, 1846
  • Heliofungia Wells, 1966
  • Herpolitha Eschscholtz, 1825
  • Lithophyllon Rehberg, 1892
  • Lobactis Verrill, 1864
  • Pleuractis Verrill, 1864
  • Podabacia Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849
  • Polyphyllia Blainville, 1830
  • Sandalolitha Quelch, 1884
  • Sinuorota Oku, Naruse & Fukami, 2017
  • Zoopilus Dana, 1846

Notable species

Importance to humans

Members of the family Fungiidae are not of any commercial importance, but are collected for the aquarium trade and are sold as "plate corals".

See also

References

  1. 1 2 WoRMS (2015). "Fungiidae: Dana, 1846". World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2018-07-25.
  2. ↑ Veron, J.E. (2013). "Colony formation". Corals of the World. Australian Institute of Marine Science. Retrieved 2015-04-22.
  3. ↑ Halstead, Bob. 2000. Coral Sea Reef Guide. Sea Challengers, Danville, CA, USA.
  4. ↑ "The Best Livestock For Your Reef Aquarium: Plate Corals, Family Fungiidae, Pt. 1". Wetwebmedia.com. Retrieved 2009-02-22.
  5. ↑ "Stony Corals From The Family Fungiidae, A.J. Nilsen, October 1997, Aquarium.Net". Reefs.org (Where Reefkeeping Begins on the Internet). Retrieved 2009-02-22.
  6. 1 2 "BioLib - Heliofungia actiniformis (Long tentacle plate coral)". Biolib.cz. Retrieved 2009-02-22.
  7. ↑ "Fungioidea". Tolweb.org. 2002-10-28. Retrieved 2009-02-22.
  8. ↑ Yossi Loya and Kazuhiko Sakai, "Bidirectional sex change in mushroom stony corals", Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 22 October 2008
  9. ↑ "Siokunichthys nigrolineatus". Fishbase. Retrieved 2009-02-22.
  10. ↑ Bos, Arthur R (2012). "Fishes (Gobiidae and Labridae) associated with the mushroom coral Heliofungia actiniformis (Scleractinia: Fungiidae) in the Philippines". Coral Reefs. 31: 133. doi:10.1007/s00338-011-0834-3.
  11. ↑ Bos AR, Hoeksema BW (2015). "Cryptobenthic fishes and co-inhabiting shrimps associated with the mushroom coral Heliofungia actiniformis (Fungiidae) in the Davao Gulf, Philippines". Environmental Biology of Fishes. 98 (6): 1479–1489. doi:10.1007/s10641-014-0374-0.
  12. ↑ "Predatory coral eats jellyfish". BBC News. 2009-11-13. Retrieved 2009-11-13.
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