Middlesex (UK Parliament constituency)

Middlesex
Former County constituency
for the House of Commons
1265–1885
Number of members two
Replaced by Brentford, Ealing, Enfield, Hampstead, Harrow, Hornsey, Tottenham and Uxbridge
During its existence contributed to new seat(s) of:

City of London (1298)
Westminster (1545)
Finsbury, Marylebone and Tower Hamlets (1832)

Hackney and Chelsea (1867)

Middlesex is a former constituency. It was a constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of England, then of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800, and finally of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1885. It returned two members by various voting systems including hustings.

Boundaries and boundary changes

Soliciting Votes by William Hogarth, of Chiswick, Middlesex, 1754.
Map of Middlesex, drawn by Thomas Kitchin, geographer 1769 (with some towns not in the county i.e. south of the river or outside of the dashed line). It has a heading of Remarks that mentions 2 seats of Westminster and 4 of the City of London
Map of the seven single-MP county constituencies created by subdivision of the final version of the seat which existed between 1867 and 1885 and returned two MPs. Brentford division is highlighted which was named after the town where the hustings took place after 1700.

This county constituency consisted of the historic county of Middlesex, in south-eastern England, comprising Spelthorne, Poyle, South Mimms and Potters Bar in other modern counties, together with the north, west, and north-west sectors of the present-day Greater London. Central London was gradually removed from the seat. Its southern boundary was the River Thames.

The county seat returned two Members of Parliament (sometimes referred to by the medieval term of knights of the shire). The place of election for the county was until 1700 at Hampstead Heath, thereafter at The Butts in the town centre of Brentford.[1] Hustings were typically over a period of a fortnight when candidates set out their stall, and visible bribery had become not uncommon in closer contests around the country in such larger seats at the time, inspiring William Hogarth’s series of four pictures titled ‘Four Prints of An Election’ (when printed).[1]

Until 1832 the county franchise was limited to forty shilling freeholders. The decrease in the value of money due to inflation and the expansion of the wealth and population as the urbanised area in the east around London and Westminster grew contributed to gradually expanding the electorate. The county was estimated by Henning to have about 1,660 voters in 1681. Sedgwick estimated about 3,000 in the 1715–54 period. Namier and Brook suggested there were about 3,500 in 1754–90. The number had reached about 6,000 by 1790–1820, according to Thorne. Close elections between popular candidates would therefore be expensive - the worth of being a local magistrate, major landowner or other dignitary carrying little weight among such a generally urban and numerous upper-middle class forming the bulk of the electorate.

For subsequent changes in the franchise see Reform Act 1832 and Reform Act 1867. From 1832 voters were registered; the size of the electorate is shown below.

The geographic county until 1885 also contained the borough constituencies of City of London (first recorded as having its extraordinary four members from 1298) and Westminster (enfranchised with two members from 1545). In 1832 three two-seat Boroughs were added (or enfranchised): Finsbury, Marylebone, and Tower Hamlets. In 1867 two new parliamentary boroughs each returning two MPs were constituted: 'Hackney' (St Leonard's Shoreditch, St Matthew's Bethnal Green and St John's Hackney) formerly represented in borough elections via Tower Hamlets and 'Chelsea' (parishes of Chelsea, Kensington, Hammersmith and Fulham).[2] The single-member non-territorial University constituency of London University (1868–1950) was somewhat connected to the county by having most of its graduates eligible to vote.

Possession of a county electoral qualification, deriving from owning various types of property or having ecclesiastical 'offices' (controversially and sporadically defined) in an area not otherwise represented, conferred the right to vote in the county elections.

An 1885 redistribution of seats saw Middlesex and its early breakaway seats in and around the City reformed under the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885 reflecting the wider electorate of the Reform Act 1884 and need to 'liberate' boroughs, i.e. urban areas without properly apportioned representation:

  • Constituencies in the urban south-east part that returned 18 MPs were replaced by 38 single-member seats.
  • the City of London constituency (loosely considered with the county) was reduced from 4 to 2 members.
  • the Middlesex constituency latterly covering the north, west and south-west of the county returning 2 MPs was replaced by 7 single-member seats.
Local government bodies

In 1889 the 40 urban constituencies that comprised the south-eastern part fell into (for local government) a County of London save for the much smaller City of London which remained a separate quasi-county and legal jurisdiction. The seven county divisions (constituencies) in the north and west of the historic county came under a new local government body, the administrative county of Middlesex. Both counties were also known by their governing bodies' name, County Councils (abbreviated to LCC and MCC). The seven successor seats were Brentford, Ealing, Enfield, Harrow, Hornsey, Tottenham and Uxbridge. These (and numerous later successor seats) had MCC local governance until its abolition in 1965.

Members of Parliament

Preliminary note: The English civil year started on Lady Day, 25 March, until 1752 (Scotland having changed to 1 January in 1600). The year used in the lists of Parliaments in this article have been converted to the new style where necessary. It should be noted that old style dates for days between 1 January and 24 March actually referred to days after 31 December. No attempt has been made to compensate for the eleven days which did not occur in September 1752 in both England and Scotland as well as other British controlled territories (when the day after 2 September was 14 September), so as to bring the British Empire fully in line with the Gregorian calendar.

Constituency created (1265): See Montfort's Parliament for further details. Knights of the shire are known to have been summoned to most Parliaments from 1290 (19th Parliament of King Edward I of England) and to every one from 1320 (19th Parliament of King Edward II of England).

Knights of the shire 1265–1660

Some of the members elected during this period have been identified, but this list does not include Parliaments where no member has been identified before the reign of King Henry VIII. In the list (as opposed to the table below) the year given is for the first meeting of the Parliament, with the month added where there was more than one Parliament in the year. If a second year is given this is a date of dissolution. Early Parliaments usually only existed for a few days or weeks, so dissolutions in the same year as the first meeting are not recorded in this list If a specific date of election is known this is recorded in italic brackets. The Roman numerals in brackets, following some names, are those used to distinguish different politicians of the same name in 'The House of Commons' 1509-1558 and 1558-1603.

In this period, Parliament was not an institution with a regular pattern of elections and sittings. Therefore, a separate entry is made for each Parliament, even if the same Knight of the Shire served in successive Parliaments.

List of known Knights of the Shire before 1509

ParliamentFirst memberSecond member
1295 (Nov)William de BrookStephen de Gravesend
1296Richard de WyndesorRichard le Rous
1297 (Oct)Richard le Rous?
1298 (Mar)Richard le Rous?
1298 (May)Richard le Rous?
1300Richard le Rous?
1301Richard le Rous?
1302 (Oct)Richard le Rous?
1305 (Feb)Richard le Rous?
1306Richard le Rous?
1386Sir Adam FrancisWilliam Swanland [3]
1388 (Feb)Sir Adam FrancisWilliam Swanland [3]
1388 (Sep)William BarnvilleGodfrey Atte Perry [3]
1390 (Jan)John Shorditch IThomas Coningsby [3]
1390 (Nov)John Shorditch ISir Adam Francis [3]
1391Thomas BrayWilliam Norton [3]
1393William TamworthThomas Maidstone [3]
1394John Shorditch IIJames Ormesby [3]
1395John Shorditch IIThomas Coningsby [3]
1397 (Jan)Thomas GoodlakeThomas Maidstone [3]
1397 (Sep)Sir Adam FrancisSir John Wroth [3]
1399John DurhamThomas Maidstone [3]
1401William LoveneySir John Wroth [3]
1402James NorthamptonThomas Coningsby [3]
1404 (Jan)William WrothSir John Wroth [3]
1404 (Oct)Sir Roger StrangeWilliam Powe [3]
1406Henry SomerSir John Wroth [3]
1407Henry SomerWilliam Loveney [3]
1410
1411Sir Adam FrancisSir Roger Strange [3]
1413 (Feb)
1413 (May)William LoveneyRichard Wyot [3]
1414 (Apr)Simon CampWalter Green [3]
1414 (Nov)Thomas CharltonJohn Walden [3]
1415Simon CampThomas Coningsby [3]
1416 (Mar)
1416 (Oct)Henry SomerWalter Gawtron [3]
1419Thomas FrowykThomas Coningsby [3]
1420Sir John BoysWalter Green [3]
1421 (May)Henry SomerSir Thomas Charlton [3]
1421 (Dec)Richard MaidstoneEdmund Bibbesworth [3]
1429Henry Somer
1442Thomas Charlton [4]John Somerset
1447Thomas Charlton [4]
1449Thomas Charlton [4]
1453Thomas Charlton [4]
1459Sir Thomas Charlton [4]
1460Sir Thomas Charlton [4]
1491Sir Thomas Lovell [5]

Table of Knights of the Shire 1509-1660

SummonedElectedAssembledDissolvedFirst MemberSecond Member
17 October 15091509/1021 January 151023 February 1510Sir Thomas Lovell (I)unknown
28 November 15111511/124 February 15124 March 1514unknownunknown
23 November 15141514/155 February 151522 December 1515unknownunknown
unknown152315 April 152313 August 1523Sir Thomas More (I) aunknown
9 August 152915293 November 152914 April 1536Robert Wroth bRichard Hawkes c
27 April 153615368 June 153618 July 1536unknownunknown
1 March 1539153928 April 153924 July 1540Sir Ralph SadlerRobert Cheeseman
23 November 15411541/4216 January 154228 March 1544Robert CheesemanJohn Hughes d
1 December 15441544/4523 November 154531 January 1547Sir William PagetThomas Wroth
2 August 154715474 November 154715 April 1552Sir Thomas WrothJohn Newdigate
5 January 155315531 March 155331 March 1553Sir Robert BowesSir Thomas Wroth
14 August 155315535 October 15535 December 1553Sir Edward HastingsJohn Newdigate
17 February 155415542 April 15543 May 1554Sir Edward HastingsJohn Newdigate
3 October 1554155412 November 155416 January 1555Sir Edward HastingsSir Roger Cholmley
3 September 1555155521 October 15559 December 1555Sir Edward HastingsSir Roger Cholmley
6 December 15571557/5820 January 155817 November 1558Sir Roger CholmleyJohn Newdigate
5 December 155829 December 155823 January 15598 May 1559Sir Roger CholmleySir Thomas Wroth
10 November 15621562/6311 January 15632 January 1567Sir William CordellSir Thomas Wroth
unknown15712 April 157129 May 1571Francis NewdigateJohn Newdigate
28 March 157215728 May 157219 April 1583Robert Wroth (I)Sir Owen Hopton
12 October 1584158423 November 158414 September 1585Robert Wroth (I)Sir Owen Hopton
15 September 1586158615 October 158623 March 1587Robert Wroth (I)William Fleetwood (III)
18 September 158819 December 15884 February 158929 March 1589Robert Wroth (I)William Fleetwood (III)
4 January 1593159318 February 159310 April 1593Robert Wroth (I)Francis Bacon
23 August 159715 September 159724 October 15979 February 1598Sir Robert Wroth (I)Sir John Peyton (I)
11 September 16018 October 160127 October 160119 December 1601Sir John Fortescue (I)Sir Robert Wroth (I)
31 January 1604160419 March 16049 February 1611Sir William FleetwoodSir Robert Wroth
unknown16145 April 16147 June 1614Sir Julius CaesarSir Thomas Lake
13 November 16201620/2116 January 16218 February 1622Sir Francis DarcySir Gilbert Gerard, Bt
20 December 16231623/2412 February 162427 March 1625Sir Gilbert Gerard, BtSir John Suckling
2 April 1625162517 May 162512 August 1625Sir John FrancklynSir Gilbert Gerard, Bt
20 December 162516266 February 162615 June 1626Sir Gilbert Gerard, BtSir Edward Spencer
31 January 1628162817 March 162810 March 1629Sir Francis DarcySir Henry Spiller
1629–1640No Parliaments summoned
20 February 1640164013 April 16405 May 1640Sir John FrancklynSir Gilbert Gerard, Bt
24 September 164016403 November 164016 March 1660 eSir John Francklyn fSir Gilbert Gerard, Bt g
18 May 1648Sir Edward Spencer h

Notes:-

  • a Speaker of the House of Commons.
  • b Wroth ceased to be an MP after 11 May 1535. It is unknown if there was a by-election.
  • c Hawkes ceased to be MP by May/June 1532. It is unknown if there was a by-election.
  • d Hughes ceased to be an MP after January/April 1543. It is unknown if there was a by-election.
  • e In theory the Long Parliament existed throughout the 1640-1660 term, as it could not be lawfully dissolved without its own consent which was not given until 1660. In practice all or part of the membership of the House of Commons were not permitted to sit for lengthy periods. Other bodies considered to be Parliaments existed within parts of the term of the Long Parliament.
  • f Francklyn died and a by-election was held.
  • g In December 1648, Gilbert was excluded from Parliament in Pride's Purge and the seat was left vacant.
  • h Spencer is not recorded as having sat after Pride's Purge in December 1648.

Table of Members of the Commonwealth Parliaments 1653-1659

The County had three nominated members in the Barebones Parliament, four representatives in the First and Second and the usual two in the Third of the Protectorate Parliaments

SummonedElectedAssembledDissolved1st Member2nd Member3rd Member4th Member
4 July 165312 December 1653Sir William RobertsAugustine WingfieldArthur Squib
1 June 165416543 September 165422 January 1655Sir James Harrington, BtSir William RobertsJosiah BernersEdmund Harvey
10 July 1656165617 September 16564 February 1658Sir John BarksteadSir William RobertsChaloner ChuteWilliam Kiffen
9 December 16581658/5927 January 165922 April 1659Francis GerardChaloner Chute

Knights of the shire 1660–1885

Year1st Member1st Party2nd Member2nd Party
1660 Sir Lancelot Lake Non Partisan Sir William Waller Non Partisan
1661 Sir Thomas Allen Non Partisan
1679 Sir Robert Peyton Non Partisan Sir William Roberts, Bt Non Partisan
1681 Robert Atkyns Non Partisan
1681 Nicholas Raynton Non Partisan
1685 Sir Charles Gerard, Bt Non Partisan Ralph Hawtrey Non Partisan
1695 Edward Russell Non Partisan Sir John Wolstenholme, Bt Non Partisan
1696 Sir John Bucknall Non Partisan
1698 Warwick Lake Non Partisan
1701 Hugh Smithson Tory
1701 John Austen Whig
1702 Hugh Smithson Tory
1705 Scorie Barker Non Partisan Sir John Wolstenholme, Bt Non Partisan
1709 John Austen Whig
1710 Hon. James Bertie Tory Hugh Smithson Tory
1722 Sir John Austen, Bt. Whig
1727 Sir Francis Child Tory
1734 William Pulteney Whig
1740 Sir Hugh Smithson, Bt
(later Sir Hugh Percy, Bt) a		 Tory
1742 Sir Roger Newdigate, Bt Tory
1747 Sir William Beauchamp-Proctor, Bt Whig Whig
1750 George Cooke Tory
1768 John Wilkes Radical
1768 John Glynn Whig
1769 Henry Luttrell Tory
1774 John Wilkes Radical
1779 Thomas Wood Whig
1780 George Byng Whig
1784 William Mainwaring Tory
1790 George Byng Whig
1802 Sir Francis Burdett, Bt Whig
1804 George Boulton Mainwaring Tory
1805 Sir Francis Burdett, Bt Whig
1806 George Boulton Mainwaring Tory
1806 William Mellish Tory
1820 Samuel Charles Whitbread Whig
1830 Joseph Hume Radical
1837 Thomas Wood Conservative
1847 Lord Robert Grosvenor Whig[6][7][8]
1847 Ralph Bernal Osborne Radical[9][10][11][12][13][14]
1857 Robert Culling Hanbury Whig[15][16]
1857 Hon. George Byng
(later Viscount Enfield) b		 Whig[17][18][19]
1859 Liberal Liberal
1867 Henry Labouchère Liberal
1868 Lord George Hamilton Conservative
1874 Octavius Coope Conservative
1885 constituency divided

Notes:-

Elections

General notes

In multi-member elections the bloc voting system was used. Voters could cast a vote for one or two candidates, as they chose. The leading candidates with the largest number of votes were elected.

In by-elections, to fill a single seat, the first past the post system applied.

After 1832, when registration of voters was introduced, a turnout figure is given for contested elections. In two-member elections, when the exact number of participating voters is unknown, this is calculated by dividing the number of votes by two. To the extent that electors did not use both their votes this will be an underestimate of turnout.

Where a party had more than one candidate in one or both of a pair of successive elections change is calculated for each individual candidate, otherwise change is based on the party vote.

Candidates for whom no party has been identified are classified as Non Partisan. The candidate might have been associated with a party or faction in Parliament or consider himself to belong to a particular political tradition. Political parties before the nineteenth century were not as cohesive or organised as they later became. Contemporary commentators (even the reputed leaders of parties or factions) in the eighteenth century did not necessarily agree who the party supporters were. The traditional parties, which had arisen in the late seventeenth century, became increasingly irrelevant to politics in the eighteenth century (particularly after 1760), although for some contests in some constituencies party labels were still used. It was only towards the end of the century that party labels began to acquire some meaning again, although this process was by no means complete for several more generations.

Sources: The results for elections 1660-1790 were taken from the History of Parliament Trust publications. The results are based on Stooks Smith from 1790 until the 1832–33 general election and Craig from 1832. Where Stooks Smith gives additional information after 1832 this is indicated in a note.

Results 1660–1885

Parliament of England

General Election 5 April 1660: Middlesex (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Non Partisan Lancelot Lake Elected N/A N/A
Non Partisan William Waller Elected N/A N/A
Non Partisan Gilbert Gerard Defeated N/A N/A
Non Partisan William Roberts Defeated N/A N/A
Non Partisan James Harington Defeated N/A N/A
Non Partisan John Page Defeated N/A N/A
  • Note (1660) vote totals unavailable
General Election 4 April 1661: Middlesex (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Non Partisan Lancelot Lake Elected N/A N/A
Non Partisan Thomas Allen Elected N/A N/A
Non Partisan John Robinson Defeated N/A N/A
  • Note (1661) vote totals unavailable
General Election 21 February 1679: Middlesex (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Non Partisan Robert Peyton Unopposed N/A N/A
Non Partisan William Roberts Unopposed N/A N/A
  • Note (1679): Roberts was not the same man as the 1660 candidate of the same name.
General Election 3 September 1679: Middlesex (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Non Partisan William Roberts 720 45.37 N/A
Non Partisan Robert Peyton 670 42.22 N/A
Non Partisan Francis Gerard 194 12.22 N/A
Non Partisan William Smyth 3 0.19 N/A
  • Note (1679): Smyth is referred to as Smith in House of Commons 1660-1690, but Smyth seems to be correct from Leigh Rayment's list of baronets.
  • Expulsion from the House of Peyton
By-Election 13 January 1681: Middlesex
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Non Partisan Robert Atkyns 680 55.78 +55.78
Non Partisan Hugh Middleton 379 31.09 +31.09
Non Partisan Charles Umfrevile 160 13.13 +13.13
Majority 301 24.69 N/A
Non Partisan hold Swing N/A
General Election 3 March 1681: Middlesex (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Non Partisan William Roberts 1,054 35.73 +35.73
Non Partisan Nicholas Raynton 874 29.63 +29.63
Non Partisan Hugh Middleton 607 20.58 -10.51
Non Partisan Charles Gerard 415 14.07 +14.07
General Election 18 March 1685: Middlesex (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Non Partisan Charles Gerard Elected N/A N/A
Non Partisan Roger Hawtrey Elected N/A N/A
Non Partisan Hugh Middleton Defeated N/A N/A
Non Partisan Nicholas Raynton Defeated N/A N/A
Non Partisan Thomas Johnson Defeated N/A N/A
Non Partisan William Smyth Defeated N/A N/A
  • Note (1685) vote totals unavailable. Smyth is referred to as Smith in House of Commons 1660-1690, but Smyth seems to be correct from Leigh Rayment's list of baronets.
General Election 11 January 1689: Middlesex (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Non Partisan Charles Gerard Elected N/A N/A
Non Partisan Roger Hawtrey Elected N/A N/A
Non Partisan Robert Peyton Defeated N/A N/A
Non Partisan Thomas Johnson Defeated N/A N/A
  • Note (1689) vote totals unavailable
General Election 1690: Middlesex (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Non Partisan Charles Gerard Unopposed N/A N/A
Non Partisan Roger Hawtrey Unopposed N/A N/A
General Election 14 November 1695: Middlesex (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Non Partisan Edward Russell Unopposed N/A N/A
Non Partisan John Wolstenholme Unopposed N/A N/A
By-Election 8 January 1696: Middlesex
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Non Partisan John Bucknall Unopposed N/A N/A
Non Partisan hold Swing N/A
General Election 4 August 1698: Middlesex (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Non Partisan Warwick Lake Unopposed N/A N/A
Non Partisan John Wolstenholme Unopposed N/A N/A
General Election 16 January 1701: Middlesex (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Non Partisan Warwick Lake Unopposed N/A N/A
Tory Hugh Smithson Unopposed N/A N/A
General Election 3 December 1701: Middlesex (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Non Partisan Warwick Lake Unopposed N/A N/A
Whig John Austen Unopposed N/A N/A
General Election 30 July 1702: Middlesex (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Non Partisan Warwick Lake Unopposed N/A N/A
Tory Hugh Smithson Unopposed N/A N/A
General Election 28 May 1705: Middlesex (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Non Partisan Scorie Barker Unopposed N/A N/A
Non Partisan John Wolstenholme Unopposed N/A N/A

Parliament of Great Britain

General Election 1708: Middlesex (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Non Partisan Scorie Barker Unopposed N/A N/A
Non Partisan John Wolstenholme Unopposed N/A N/A
  • Death of Wolstenholme
By-Election 3 March 1709: Middlesex
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Whig John Austen Unopposed N/A N/A
Whig gain from Non Partisan Swing N/A
General Election 12 October 1710: Middlesex (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Tory James Bertie Unopposed N/A N/A
Tory Hugh Smithson Unopposed N/A N/A
General Election 1713: Middlesex (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Tory James Bertie Unopposed N/A N/A
Tory Hugh Smithson Unopposed N/A N/A
General Election 27 January 1715: Middlesex (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Tory James Bertie 1,604 27.60 N/A
Tory Hugh Smithson 1,553 26.72 N/A
Whig John Austen 1,330 22.80 N/A
Whig Henry Barker 1,325 22.80 N/A
General Election 30 March 1722: Middlesex (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Tory James Bertie 1,800 39.43 +11.83
Whig John Austen 967 21.18 -1.62
Whig Henry Barker 908 18.89 -3.91
Tory George Cooke 662 14.50 +14.50
Tory William Withers 228 5.00 +5.00
General Election 6 September 1727: Middlesex (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Tory James Bertie 1,410 29.21 -10.22
Tory Francis Child 1,305 27.03 +27.03
Whig Henry Barker 1,074 22.25 +3.36
Whig Lord Paget 1,039 21.52 +21.52
General Election 25 April 1734: Middlesex (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Tory Francis Child Unopposed N/A N/A
Whig William Pulteney Unopposed N/A N/A
  • Death of Child
By-Election 15 March 1740: Middlesex
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Tory Hugh Smithson 382 72.21 N/A
Whig Henry Barker 147 27.79 N/A
Majority 235 44.42 N/A
Tory hold Swing N/A
  • Smithson (not the same person as the former MP of the same name) subsequently changed his surname to Percy
General Election 14 May 1741: Middlesex (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Whig William Pulteney Unopposed N/A N/A
Tory Hugh Percy Unopposed N/A N/A
By-Election 5 August 1742: Middlesex
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Tory Roger Newdigate Unopposed N/A N/A
Tory gain from Whig Swing N/A
General Election 2 July 1747: Middlesex (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Whig Hugh Percy 1,797 36.33 N/A
Whig William Beauchamp-Proctor 1,457 29.45 N/A
Tory George Cooke 899 18.17 N/A
Tory Roger Newdigate 794 16.05 N/A
By-Election 8 March 1750: Middlesex
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Tory George Cooke 1,617 57.38 +39.21
Whig Fraser Honywood 1,201 42.62 +42.62
Majority 416 14.76 N/A
Tory gain from Whig Swing N/A
General Election 2 May 1754: Middlesex (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Tory George Cooke Unopposed N/A N/A
Whig William Beauchamp-Proctor Unopposed N/A N/A
General Election 7 April 1761: Middlesex (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Tory George Cooke Unopposed N/A N/A
Whig William Beauchamp-Proctor Unopposed N/A N/A
By-Election 27 November 1766: Middlesex
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Tory George Cooke Unopposed N/A N/A
Tory hold Swing N/A
General Election 28 March 1768: Middlesex (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Radical John Wilkes 1,297 44.33 N/A
Tory George Cooke 827 28.26 N/A
Whig William Beauchamp-Proctor 802 27.41 N/A
  • Note (1768): Stooks Smith attributes 1,292 votes to Wilkes. Stooks Smith does not give candidates party labels in Middlesex until after this election.
  • Death of Cooke
By-Election 14 December 1768: Middlesex
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Whig John Glynn 1,548 54.89 +54.89
Tory William Beauchamp-Proctor 1,272 45.11 +17.70
Majority 276 9.79 N/A
Whig gain from Tory Swing N/A
  • Note (1768): Poll 6 days (Source: Stooks Smith)
  • Expulsion from the House of Wilkes, declared incapable of being elected 3 February 1769
By-Election 16 February 1769: Middlesex
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Radical John Wilkes Unopposed N/A N/A
Radical hold Swing N/A
  • Expulsion from the House of Wilkes, election declared void
By-Election 16 March 1769: Middlesex
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Radical John Wilkes Unopposed N/A N/A
Radical hold Swing N/A
  • Expulsion from the House of Wilkes, election declared void 17 March 1769
By-Election 13 April 1769: Middlesex
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Radical John Wilkes 1,143 79.16 N/A
Tory Henry Luttrell 296 20.50 N/A
Whig William Whitaker 5 0.35 N/A
Majority 847 58.66 N/A
Radical hold Swing N/A
  • Election return of Wilkes amended to Luttrell by Parliament on 14 April 1769 and Luttrell seated as the MP 15 April 1769
General Election 20 October 1774: Middlesex (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Whig John Glynn Unopposed N/A N/A
Radical John Wilkes Unopposed N/A N/A
  • Death of Glynn
By-Election 28 October 1779: Middlesex
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Whig Thomas Wood Unopposed N/A N/A
Whig hold Swing N/A
General Election 14 September 1780: Middlesex (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Whig George Byng Unopposed N/A N/A
Radical John Wilkes Unopposed N/A N/A
General Election 22 April 1784: Middlesex (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Tory William Mainwaring 2,118 36.72 N/A
Radical John Wilkes 1,858 32.21 N/A
Whig George Byng 1,792 31.07 N/A
General Election 28 June 1790: Middlesex (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Whig George Byng Unopposed N/A N/A
Tory William Mainwaring Unopposed N/A N/A
  • Note (1790): The George Byng who contested Middlesex elections from this year is a different person from the one who stood previously
General Election 3 June 1796: Middlesex (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Whig George Byng Unopposed N/A N/A
Tory William Mainwaring Unopposed N/A N/A

Parliament of the United Kingdom

General Election 13 July 1802: Middlesex (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Whig George Byng 3,848 38.5 N/A
Radical Francis Burdett 3,207 32.1 N/A
Tory William Mainwaring 2,936 29.4 N/A
  • Note (1802): Poll 15 days (Source: Stooks Smith)
  • Election of Burdett declared void 9 July 1804
By-Election 23 July 1804: Middlesex
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Tory George Boulton Mainwaring 2,828 50.0 N/A
Radical Francis Burdett 2,823 50.0 N/A
Majority 5 0.0 N/A
Tory gain from Radical Swing N/A
  • Note (1804): Poll 15 days (Source: Stooks Smith)
  • Election of Mainwearing challenged by a petition of Burdett. Mainwaring unseated and Francis Burdett seated on 5 March 1805. (Source: The Times (of London), edition of 6 March 1805)
  • Election of Burdett challenged by a petition of Mainwearing. Burdett unseated and George Boulton Mainwaring seated with effect from 10 February 1806. (Source: The Times (of London), edition of 10 February 1806)
General Election 10 November 1806: Middlesex (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Tory William Mellish 3,213 47.9 -2.2
Whig George Byng 2,304 34.3 +34.3
Radical Francis Burdett 1,197 17.8 -32.1
  • Note (1806): Poll 15 days (Source: Stooks Smith)
General Election 18 May 1807: Middlesex (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Tory William Mellish 2,706 42.8 -5.1
Whig George Byng 2,368 37.4 +3.1
Tory Christopher Baynes 1,252 19.8 +19.8
General Election 12 October 1812: Middlesex (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Whig George Byng Unopposed
Tory William Mellish Unopposed
General Election 26 June 1818: Middlesex (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Whig George Byng Unopposed
Tory William Mellish Unopposed
General Election 17 March 1820: Middlesex (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Whig George Byng 4,004 37.6 N/A
Whig Samuel Charles Whitbread 3,585 33.6 N/A
Tory William Mellish 3,073 28.8 N/A
  • Note (1820): Poll 12 days (Source: Stooks Smith)
General Election 1826: Middlesex (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Whig George Byng Unopposed
Whig Samuel Charles Whitbread Unopposed
General Election 5 August 1830: Middlesex (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Whig George Byng Unopposed
Radical Joseph Hume Unopposed
General Election 1831: Middlesex (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Whig George Byng Unopposed
Radical Joseph Hume Unopposed
General Election 1832: Middlesex (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Liberal Joseph Hume 3,238 36.9 N/A
Liberal George Byng 3,033 34.6 N/A
Conservative Charles Forbes 1,494 17.0 N/A
Liberal J.S. Lillie 1,004 11.5 N/A
Turnout 6,939 74.0 N/A
  • Note (1832): 5,132 voted. Hume was classified as a Radical candidate. (Source: Stooks Smith).
General Election 1835: Middlesex (3 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Liberal George Byng 3,505 37.7 +3.1
Liberal Joseph Hume 3,096 33.3 -3.7
Conservative Thomas Wood 2,707 29.1 +12.0
Turnout 8.005 75.5 +1.6
  • Note 1 (1835): 6,046 voted. Hume was classified as a Radical candidate. (Source: Stooks Smith).
  • Note 2 (1835): The Thomas Wood who contested Middlesex elections from this year is a different person from the one who was elected in 1779
General Election 31 July 1837: Middlesex (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Liberal George Byng 4,796 26.6 -11.1
Conservative Thomas Wood 4,582 25.4 -3.7
Liberal Joseph Hume 4,380 24.3 -9.0
Conservative Henry Pownall 4,273 23.7 +23.7
Turnout 12,817 72.3 -3.3
  • Note (1837): 9,260 voted. Hume was classified as a Radical candidate. (Source: Stooks Smith).
General Election 1841: Middlesex (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Liberal George Byng Unopposed
Conservative Thomas Wood Unopposed
  • Death of Byng
By-Election 3 February 1847: Middlesex
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Liberal Robert Grosvenor Unopposed
Liberal hold
General Election 4 August 1847: Middlesex (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Liberal Robert Grosvenor 4,944 39.3 N/A
Liberal Ralph Bernal Osborne 4,175 33.2 N/A
Conservative Thomas Wood 3,458 27.5 N/A
Turnout 13,781 45.6 N/A
General Election 1852: Middlesex (2 seats)[20]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Whig Robert Grosvenor 5,241 37.7
Radical Ralph Bernal Osborne 4,390 31.6
Conservative John Spencer-Churchill 4,258 30.7
Turnout 6,945 (est) 47.5 (est)
Registered electors 14,610
Majority 851 6.1
Whig hold Swing
Majority 132 1.0
Radical hold Swing
General Election 29 April 1857: Middlesex (2 seats)[20]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Whig Robert Culling Hanbury 5,426 39.7 +8.1
Whig Robert Grosvenor 5,327 38.9 +1.2
Conservative Henry Cadogan 2,928 21.4 −9.3
Majority 2,399 17.5 +11.4
Turnout 8,305 (est) 55.4 (est) +7.9
Registered electors 14,977
Whig hold Swing +6.4
Whig gain from Radical Swing +2.9
By-election, 3 September 1857: Middlesex[20]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Whig George Byng Unopposed
Whig hold
General Election 1859: Middlesex (2 seats)[20]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Liberal Robert Culling Hanbury 3,678 43.6 +3.9
Liberal George Byng 3,618 42.9 +4.0
Conservative James Haig[21] 1,147 13.6 −7.8
Majority 2,471 29.3 +11.8
Turnout 4,795 (est) 31.6 (est) −23.8
Registered electors 15,171
Liberal hold Swing +3.9
Liberal hold Swing +4.0
General Election 1865: Middlesex (2 seats)[20]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Liberal George Byng Unopposed
Liberal Robert Culling Hanbury Unopposed
Registered electors 14,847
Liberal hold
Liberal hold
  • Death of Hanbury
By-election 15 April 1867: Middlesex[20]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Liberal Henry Labouchere Unopposed
Liberal hold
General Election 21 November 1868: Middlesex (2 seats)[20]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Conservative George Hamilton 7,850 37.9 N/A
Liberal George Byng 6,487 31.3 N/A
Liberal Henry Labouchere 6,397 30.9 N/A
Majority 1,363 6.6 N/A
Turnout 14,292 (est) 56.7 (est) N/A
Registered electors 25,196
Conservative gain from Liberal Swing N/A
Liberal hold Swing N/A
General Election 14 February 1874: Middlesex (2 seats)[20]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Conservative George Hamilton 10,343 33.3 +14.3
Conservative Octavius Coope 9,867 31.8 +12.8
Liberal George Byng 5,623 18.1 −13.2
Liberal Frederick Lehmann 5,192 16.7 −14.2
Majority 4,244 13.7 +7.1
Turnout 15,513 (est) 61.9 (est) +5.2
Registered electors 25,071
Conservative hold Swing +14.0
Conservative gain from Liberal Swing +13.3
By-election, 12 April 1878: Middlesex[20]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Conservative George Hamilton Unopposed
Conservative hold
General Election 1880: Middlesex (2 seats)[20]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Conservative George Hamilton 12,904 37.8 +4.5
Conservative Octavius Coope 12,328 36.1 +4.3
Liberal Herbert Gladstone 8,876 26.0 −8.8
Majority 3,452 14.3 +0.6
Turnout 21,492 (est) 70.0 (est) +8.1
Registered electors 30,707
Conservative hold Swing +4.5
Conservative hold Swing +4.4
By-election, 3 July 1885: Middlesex[20]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Conservative George Hamilton Unopposed
Conservative hold
  • Constituency divided in the 1885 redistribution

See also

References

  1. 1 2 "Brentford Elections In The Past: scenes of riot, disorder and tumult" Brentford TW8: Brentford's local website Accessed 2017-60-03
  2. ↑ Reform Act 1867, Sch. B & Sch. C Legislation.gov.uk Publisher: UK Government. Accessed 2017-08-19
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 "History of Parliament". Retrieved 2011-090-17. Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Charlton, Sir Thomas". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Retrieved 2011-12-01.
  5. ↑ Cavill. The English Parliaments of Henry VII 1485-1504. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  6. ↑ "Forthcoming Elections". London Daily News. 31 July 1847. p. 4. Retrieved 11 August 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive. (Subscription required (help)).
  7. ↑  Pollard, Alfred Frederick (1901). "Grosvenor, Robert (1801-1893)". Dictionary of National Biography (1st supplement). London: Smith, Elder & Co. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  8. ↑ Dod, Charles Roger; Dod, Robert Phipps (1847). Dod's Parliamentary Companion, Volume 15. Dod's Parliamentary Companion. p. 177. Retrieved 11 August 2018 – via Google Books.
  9. ↑ "Ralph Bernal". Legacies of British Slave-ownership. University College London. Retrieved 11 August 2018.
  10. ↑ Malcolmson, A. P. W. (2006). The Pursuit of the Heiress: Aristocratic Marriage in Ireland 1740-1840 (Illustrated ed.). Ulster Historical Foundation. p. 176. ISBN 9781903688656. Retrieved 11 August 2018 – via Google Books.
  11. ↑ "The Brazil Controversy". The Spectator. 18 February 1865. p. 13. Retrieved 11 August 2018.
  12. ↑ Rubinstein, William D.; Jolles, Michael A.; Rubinstein, Hilary L., eds. (2011). The Palgrave Dictionary of Anglo-Jewish History. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 191. ISBN 978-1-4039-3910-4. Retrieved 11 August 2018 – via Google Books.
  13. ↑ Hawkins, Angus (2015). Victorian Political Culture: 'Habits of Heart & Mind'. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 280. ISBN 978-0-19-872848-1. Retrieved 11 August 2018 – via Google Books.
  14. ↑ "Members Returned, with Their Political Predilections". Bath Chronicle and Weekly Gazette. 12 August 1847. p. 2. Retrieved 11 August 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive. (Subscription required (help)).
  15. ↑ "Middlesex". Coventry Standard. 10 April 1857. pp. 2–3. Retrieved 11 August 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive. (Subscription required (help)).
  16. ↑ "Portsmouth Times and Naval Gazette". 18 April 1857. p. 6. Retrieved 11 August 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive. (Subscription required (help)).
  17. ↑ "Latest News". York Herald. 5 September 1857. p. 7. Retrieved 15 July 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive. (Subscription required (help)).
  18. ↑ "Representation of Middlesex". Leeds Mercury. 1 September 1857. p. 4. Retrieved 11 August 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive. (Subscription required (help)).
  19. ↑ "Representation of Middlesex". London Daily News. 2 September 1857. p. 4. Retrieved 11 August 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive. (Subscription required (help)).
  20. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Craig, F. W. S., ed. (1977). British Parliamentary Election Results 1832-1885 (e-book)|format= requires |url= (help) (1st ed.). London: Macmillan Press. pp. 424–425. ISBN 978-1-349-02349-3.
  21. ↑ "Middlesex Election". Marylebone Mercury. 7 May 1859. pp. 1–2. Retrieved 11 August 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive. (Subscription required (help)).
  • British Parliamentary Election Results 1832-1885, compiled and edited by F.W.S. Craig (The Macmillan Press 1977)
  • The House of Commons 1509-1558, by S.T. Bindoff (Secker & Warburg 1982)
  • The House of Commons 1558-1603, by P.W. Hasler (HMSO 1981)
  • The House of Commons 1660-1690, by Basil Duke Henning (Secker & Warburg 1983)
  • The House of Commons 1715-1754, by Romney Sedgwick (HMSO 1970)
  • The House of Commons 1754-1790, by Sir Lewis Namier and John Brooke (HMSO 1964)
  • The House of Commons 1790-1820, by R.G. Thorne (Secker & Warburg 1986)
  • The Parliaments of England by Henry Stooks Smith (1st edition published in three volumes 1844-50), second edition edited (in one volume) by F.W.S. Craig (Political Reference Publications 1973)
  • Who's Who of British Members of Parliament: Volume I 1832-1885, edited by M. Stenton (The Harvester Press 1976)
  • D Brunton & D H Pennington, Members of the Long Parliament (London: George Allen & Unwin, 1954)
  • Cobbett's Parliamentary history of England, from the Norman Conquest in 1066 to the year 1803 (London: Thomas Hansard, 1808)
  • List of members nominated for Parliament of 1653 at British History Online
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.