Miani (Pashtun tribe)

Sarbani
Total population
several millions
Regions with significant populations
Afghanistan, Pakistan
Languages
Pashto, Urdu, Dari
Religion
Islam
Related ethnic groups
other Pashtun tribes, other Iranian peoples

Miani (Pashto: Mianrhi‎) is a Pushtun tribe that mainly inhabit the Gomal plains of Pakistan in the Tank District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, which was formerly North-West Frontier Province.[1] Historically Mianis have been migratory Powindah Tribes migrating between the Derajat and Afghanistan though historical Gomal Pass. Many of them settled in the Gomal plains by 1850. There are also Miani people within the Dera Ismail Khan District of Pakistan who are related to the Mianis settled in the Gomal plains. JA Robinson ( Captain) in its widely researched book " Notes on Nomad Tribes of Eastern Afghanistan" declares the Mianis to be the original Afghans of Ghor in Afghanistan." The Miani are original Afghans of Ghor, and are thus related to the Durani, Tarin and Sherani. They are a small tribe, the nomads numbering about 1,000 fighting men, but many of them are settled in the Dera Ismail Khan District, mainly in the vicinity of Murtrtza[2]

History

Mianis are believed to be a Shirani tribe that descended from the Sarbani.[3] "The Shiranis have three sub-tribes, namely:

Marani

Miani

Babar

Maranis still refer to themselves as 'Shirani' as they are the main sub-tribe, but Babars and Mianis identify themselves as completely separate tribes. ".[4] A number of clans and sub clans of Miani tribe were Powindahs, who migrated between Afghanistan and Pakistan, afterwards large number of them settled in the Gomal Plains along with their other earlier settled tribesmen. [5]

Gomal plains

The Mianis lived in the Gomal Plains of the Tank District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Though initially a nomadic tribe, Mianis settled in the Gomal plains by or before 1850.[6] According to the book, Imperial Frontier: Tribe and State in Waziristan by Hugh Beattie, the estimated population of nomadic Miani tribe was about 800 in the 1870s. They were a semi-independent group that lived along the Tank border, except for the hot season, when they moved into the hills. They were living among a small tribe, the Ghorezais (or Ghwarazai), of whom there were about 350 people. The larger tribe in the area was the Wazir, of whom there were a couple thousand people.[7]

An important technique that the British used to manage the frontier was to make certain tribes responsible for monitoring who had passes to travel on particular routes into the hills. They called this “pass responsibility”.[8] The Bhitannis first accepted pass responsibility on the Tank frontier.[9] Then, pass responsibility for the Girni, Murtuza and Manjhi posts was assigned to the Miani and Ghurezai tribes in 1876.[10] That year, they also accepted responsibility for monitoring passage into the Gomal Valley, as did a portion of the Ghwarazai that lived away from the other clan members of the Kakar tribe of Baluchistan.[9]

In 1879, when Tank was raided by the Mehsuds and an uprising took place, wherein the tribes believed that the British control over the area is weakening, Mianis along with Suleman Khels and Kharotis looted a number of villages around Tank.[11] The same fact has been narrated by Evelyn Berkelen Howell, that in January 1879, Tank was raided by the Mahsud.[12] Both Miani and Ghwarazai took part in the looting and plundering of Tank in the resulting disorder."[9]

Dera Ismail Khan District

The Miani of the Gomal plains are also allied with, and reside during the winters with, the Miani of the Dera Ismail Khan District who are a Pathan (Pashtun) tribe, according to Horace Arthur Rose. There were about 400 people, based on the book that used census data from 1883 and 1892.[13] A number of Miani tribesmen have settled in India in various places across India.[14]

Miani in Baluchistan

Though a portion of Miani Tribe live in Baluchistan especially in the Shirani District, sizable population of the Miani people live in Sharigh Tehsil of Harnai District in Balochistan. [15] Luni and Jaffar tribes residing in Baluchistan too are believed to be descendants of Miani tribe. [16]

References

  1. ↑ "Dissertation - "The Laws and Justice System in FATA and Recommendations for their Reformations"". Scribd. Retrieved 2016-11-29.
  2. ↑ J. A. Robinson (Captain.). Notes on Nomad Tribes of Eastern Afghanistan. Nisa Traders : sole distributors, Gosha-e-Adab, 1934. p. 202.
  3. ↑ Ni'mat-Allah; Dorn, Bernhard (1836). History Of The Afghans: Translated From The Persian Of Neamet Ullah By Bernhard Dorn. Valpy. p. 41.
  4. ↑ https://defence.pk/pdf/threads/afghan-tribes-database.277537/
  5. ↑ J. A. Robinson (Captain.). Notes on Nomad Tribes of Eastern Afghanistan. Nisa Traders : sole distributors, Gosha-e-Adab, 1934. p. 202.
  6. ↑ Balfour, Edward (1885). The Cyclopaedia of India and of Eastern and Southern Asia. II. Graz, Austria: Akademische Druck-u. Verlagsanstalt. p. 222.
  7. ↑ Beattie, Hugh (December 16, 2013). Imperial Frontier: Tribe and State in Waziristan. Routledge. p. 13. ISBN 978-1-136-83957-3.
  8. ↑ Beattie, Hugh (December 16, 2013). Imperial Frontier: Tribe and State in Waziristan. Routledge. p. 34. ISBN 978-1-136-83957-3.
  9. 1 2 3 Howell, Evelyn Berkeley (1979). A Monograph on Government's Relations with the Mahsud Tribe. Oxford University Press. p. 119.
  10. ↑ Hugh, Beattie (2013). Imperial Frontier: Tribe and State in Waziristan. 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN 711 Third Avenue New York, NY10017: Routledge. p. 115. ISBN 0-7007-1309-3.
  11. ↑ Imperial Frontier: Tribe and State in Waziristan By Hugh Beattie
  12. ↑ Beattie, Hugh (December 16, 2013). Imperial Frontier: Tribe and State in Waziristan. Routledge. p. 137. ISBN 978-1-136-83957-3.
  13. ↑ Rose, Horace Arthur (1997). A Glossary of the Tribes and Castes of the Punjab and North-West. 3. New Delhi: Nirmal Publishers & Distributors. pp. 101, title page. ISBN 81-85297-70-3.
  14. ↑ People of India Gujarat Volume XXI Part Three edited by R.B Lal, P.B.S.V Padmanabham, G Krishnan & M Azeez Mohideen pages 1115-1125
  15. ↑ District Development Profile, Planning and Development Department, Government of Balochistan in Collaboration with UNICEF, July 18, 2011
  16. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Miani_(Pashtun_tribe)&action=submit

Further reading

  • Paget, William Henry (1874). A Record of the Expeditions Undertaken Against the North-west Frontier Tribes: Compiled from the Military and Political Despatches, Lieut.-Colonel McGregor's Gazetteer, and Other Official Sources. Office of Superintendent of Government Printing. pp. 135, 142–144.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.