Mantova Mechanized Brigade
| Brigata Meccanizzata Mantova | |
|---|---|
 Coat of Arms of the Mechanized Brigade Mantova | |
| Active |
1 March 1915 - 1919 1 October 1986 - 30 August 1997 1 January 2003 - 15 July 2013 |
| Country | Italy |
| Branch | Italian Army |
| Type | Infantry |
| Role | Mechanized Infantry |
| Part of | 5th Army Corps |
| Garrison/HQ | Cividale del Friuli |
The Mantova Mechanized Brigade was a mechanized brigade of the Italian Army. Its core units were mechanized infantry battalions. The brigade's headquarters was in the city of Cividale del Friuli. All the brigade's units were based in the region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia. In 2003, the Mantova was raised again as a division command.
History
First World War
The Mantova Brigade was activated on 1 March 1915 in preparation for Italy's entry into the First World War. Initially the brigade consisted of the 113th and 114th infantry regiment and was the 1st Army's reserve infantry formation. During the first year of the war the brigade was employed on the borders of Trentino. In 1916, it became part of the 37th Territorial Division and fought in the Battle of Asiago. Afterward, the brigade was transferred to the 57th Territorial Division and moved to the area of Redipuglia. In 1917, the brigade was again on the heavily contested Asiago plateau. In 1918, the brigade participated in the Battle of the Piave River near Nervesa and in the Vittorio Veneto. In November 1919 the brigade was disbanded.
Second World War
On 15 March 1942, the 104th Infantry Division Mantova was raised in Verona with the re-activated 113th and 114th infantry regiments and the 11th Artillery Regiment Monferrato. At first the division was based in Piedmont, then in Apulia and Calabria. After allied forces had landed on the Italian peninsula and an armistice between Italy and the Allies had been signed, the division stayed loyal to the Italian King Victor Emmanuel III.
On 26 September 1943, the division ceded part of the 11th Artillery Regiment to help form the Italian 1st Motorized Group under command of the 58th Infantry Division Legnano, which was to aid in the allied war effort. On 16 October its 113th Infantry Regiment joined the US Fifth Army and on 30 October 1943, the division received the 76th Infantry Regiment Napoli as a replacement for the 113th.
In spring 1944, the division took command of the remnants of the 155th Infantry Division Emilia after they had been repatriated from combat against German forces in Dalmatia. At that point the division consisted of the following understrength units:
- 76th Infantry Regiment Napoli
- 114th Infantry Regiment Mantova
- 119th Infantry Regiment Emilia
- 120th Infantry Regiment Emilia
- 155th Artillery Regiment Emilia
- I Group/11th Artillery Regiment
At the beginning of fall 1944, the division was ordered to re-organize as a Combat Group destined for the frontlines in central Italy. The 76th and 114th infantry regiments and 155th artillery regiment were brought up to strength and equipped with British materiel. By spring 1945 the division was ready to join the British Eighth Army, but it arrived at the front just as the German forces in Italy were surrendering.
Cold War
Infantry Division Mantova
On 15 October 1945, Combat Group Mantova regained its old name, Infantry Division Mantova, and was garrisoned in Varazze on the Ligurian coast. In May 1947, the division was transferred to the city of Udine in north-eastern Italy, where it formed together with the Folgore Infantry Division the first line of defence towards Yugoslavia. On 16 September 1947 the division's 114th Infantry Regiment Mantova was given the honour of being the first Italian military unit to enter the city of Gorizia after it was returned to Italian control. One week later, on 23 September 1949, the division was joined by the 59th Infantry Regiment Calabria and the 5th Artillery Regiment. At this time the Mantova division was part of the Italian 5th Military Territorial Command. In the following years, the division repeatedly gained and lost minor units, but its core units - 59th, 76th and 114th infantry regiments and 5th and 155th artillery regiments - remained in place. In the 1960s, the division added the 52nd Infantry Regiment Alpi, the LXIII Tank Battalion with M47 Patton tanks and the VI Cavalry Reconnaissance Group Lancieri di Aosta to its ranks, but lost the 155th Artillery Regiment in the process.
By 1974, the division had been full motorized and consisted of:
- Mantova Infantry Division, in Udine
- Division Command, in Udine
- Command Company, in Cividale del Friuli
- I Battalion, in Cividale del Friuli
- II Battalion, in Cividale del Friuli
- III Battalion, in Cividale del Friuli
- IV Mechanized Battalion, in San Bernardo di Udine, with M113 armoured personnel carriers
- Anti-tank Company, in Cividale del Friuli
- Command and Services Battery, in Udine
- I Field Artillery Group, in Palmanova, with M101 105mm towed howitzers
- II Self-propelled Field Artillery Group, in Udine, with M109 155mm self-propelled howitzers
- III Self-propelled Field Artillery Group, in Udine, with M109 155mm self-propelled howitzers
- IV Heavy Field Artillery Group, in Tricesimo, with M114 155mm towed howitzers
- V Light Anti-aircraft Artillery (Reserve) Group, in Udine
- Artillery Specialists Battery, in Udine
- Mantova Engineer Battalion, in Orzano di Remanzacco
- Mantova Signal Battalion, in Udine
- Mantova Light Airplanes, in Campoformido, with L-19E planes
- Mantova Helicopter Section, in Campoformido, with AB 206 helicopters
- Mantova Logistic Services Groupement, in Udine
Mechanized Division Mantova
In 1975 the Italian Army undertook a major reorganization of its forces: the regimental level was abolished and battalions came under direct command of multi-arms brigades. As tensions with Yugoslavia over the city of Trieste were allayed by the Treaty of Osimo and because a reduction of the military service from 15 to 12 months for the army and air force and from 24 to 18 months for the navy, forced the army to reduce its forces by nearly 45,000 troops it was decided that the Infantry Division Mantova would contract to brigade. Therefore during 1975 most units of the Mantova division were either disbanded or reorganized and on 21 October 1975 the remaining units of the division were used to raise the Isonzo Mechanized Brigade in Cividale del Friuli. To bring the division back to full strength it received the newly formed Mechanized Brigade Brescia in Brescia and the Armoured Brigade Pozzuolo del Friuli in Palmanova. By the end of the year the division consisted of the following units.
- 48th Reconnaissance Helicopter Squadrons Group Pavone, in Campoformido (former Mantova Helicopter Section)
- Mantova Command and Signals Battalion, in Udine
- Mantova Artillery Specialist Group, in Udine, (Counter-battery radars and drones) (merged Command and Services, and Artillery Specialists batteries of the 5th Field Artillery Regiment)
- Mantova Medical (Reserve) Battalion, in Orzano di Remanzacco
Mechanized Brigade Mantova
In 1986, the Italian Army abolished the divisional level and brigades came under direct command of the Army Corps. Therefore the Mantova division command disbanded on 1 October 1986, and its brigades and support units came under direct command of the 5th Army Corps. However on the same day the Mechanized Brigade Isonzo was renamed as Mechanized Brigade Mantova and moved its headquarters into the headquarters building of the disbanded Mantova Division. The brigade then consisted of the following units:
- Mantova Command and Signal Battalion, in Udine
- Mantova Anti-tank Company, in Tarcento
- Mantova Engineer Company, in Remanzacco
After the end of the Cold War, the Italian Army began a massive draw down of forces. At the same time the battalions were returned to use the name regiment for traditional reasons:
- on 30 June 1991, the 59th Infantry Battalion Calabria was disbanded
- on 30 November 1991, the 120th Position Infantry Battalion Fornovo was disbanded
- on 31 March 1993, the 52nd Infantry Regiment Alpi was disbanded
- on 31 October 1995, the 114th Infantry Regiment Mantova was disbanded
- the 63rd Tank Regiment was disbanded on 29 November 1995, followed by the 28th Artillery Regiment Livorno
- on 30 October 1996, the 82nd Infantry Regiment Torino from the disbanded Gorizia Mechanized Brigade joined the Mantova
- on 31 July 1997, the 76th Infantry Regiment Napoli was the last unit to disband.
The brigade itself was disbanded 30 August 1997 and the last unit under its command, the 82nd Infantry Regiment Torino subsequently joined the Ariete Armoured Brigade
Today
In 2002 the Italian Army raised three division commands, with one of the three always readily deployable for NATO missions. The army decided that each division should carry on the traditions of one of the divisions that served with distinction in World War II. Therefore on 31 December 2002 the 2nd Italian Division in Vittorio Veneto was renamed as Division Command Mantova.
In the 2013 Army reform it was decided to abolish the corps level in the Italian Army and to rename the Mantova as Friuli Division.