Lists of emperors

Western and Byzantine traditions

• Byzantine Empire (395–1453)—see List of Byzantine Emperors—and its rival & split-offs,
  • Latin Empire of Constantinople (1204–1261, with the title of (Latin) "Emperor of Constantinople" continuing to 1383)
  • Empire of Nicaea (1204–1261)—"Byzantine Empire" in exile during the rule of the "Latin Empire" over Constantinople.
  • Empire of Trebizond (1204–1461)—Another split of the "Byzantine Empire"
  • Empire of Thessalonica (1224–1242)—Offshoot of the Despotate of Epirus, reduced to vassal status of other powers after 1230
• Ottoman Empire (1299–1922)—see Ottoman dynasty
• Carolingian Empire (800–843, 884–888)
• Holy Roman Empire (891–1806)—see List of Holy Roman Emperors
• West Francia (875–877, 881–887)–see List of French monarchs
• Bulgaria (Empire 913–1422)—see List of Bulgarian monarchs
• Serbia (Empire 1345–1371)—see Emperor of Serbia
• Muscovy (Empire 1547–1721)–see List of Russian rulers—continued in Imperial Russia from 1721 (see below)

Asian

• Chola Empire (300–1279)—see List of Tamil monarchs
• Chenla (550–802)—see List of Kings of Cambodia
• The first ruler of Vietnam to take the title of Emperor (Hoang De) was the founder of the Dinh Dynasty, Dinh Bo Linh, in the year AD 966—see List of Vietnamese dynasties
• Japan (monarchs known as tenno from 7th century CE)—see Emperor of Japan and List of Emperors of Japan
• Khmer Empire (802–1431)—see List of Kings of Cambodia

The Angkor Wat of Khmer Empire 802–1431

• Ottoman Empire (1299–1922)—see Ottoman dynasty
• Mongol Empire (1206–1634)—see List of Mongol Khans
• Persian Empire (Iran) (1501–1979)—see List of kings of Persia
• Mughal Empire (1526–1857)—see List of Mughal emperors
• Durrani Empire (1747–1823)
• Talpur dynasty (1783–1843)

Americas

• Aztec Empire (1375–1521)—see Hueyi Tlatoani
• Inca Empire (1438–1533)—see Sapa Inca