List of satellites which have provided data on Earth's magnetosphere
Below is a list of satellites which have provided data on the Earth's magnetosphere.
| Satellite | Launch Date | Inclination of orbital plane to Earth's equator | Lifetime (days) | Range (γ) | Sensitivity | Distance RE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sputnik 3 | March 15, 1958 | 65° | 30 | <60,000 | 5% | <1.3 |
| Explorer 3 | March 1958 | |||||
| Pioneer 1 | October 11, 1958 | Earth impact | 1 | <1000 | 1% | 3.7-7.0 |
| Lunik 1 | January 2, 1959 | Solar orbit | 1 | <6,000 | 200γ | 3-6 |
| Explorer 6 | August 7, 1959 | 47° | 61 | <20,000 | 3% | 2-7.5 |
| Lunik 2 | September 12, 1959 | Lunar impact | 1.4° | <1,500 | 50γ | 3-6 |
| Vanguard 3 | September 18, 1959 | 33° | 85 | 10,000-60,000 | 4γ | <1.8 |
| Pioneer 5 | March 11, 1960 | Solar orbit | 50° | <1,000 | 0.05-5γ | 5-9 |
| Explorer 10 | March 25, 1961 | 33° | 2.2 | 30-5,000 | 3γ | 1.8-7 |
| Explorer 12 | August 16, 1961 | 33° | 112 | ±500 | 10γ | 4-13.5 |
| Alouette 1 | September 29, 1962 | 80° | switched off 9/30/1972 | 60,000 | 0.3% | 1.17 |
| Explorer 14 | October 3, 1962 | 33° | 300 | ±250 | 5γ | 5-16.5 |
| Denpa (REXS) | August 19, 1972 | |||||
| Kyokko (EXOS-A) | February 4, 1978 | |||||
| International Cometary Explorer | August 12, 1978 | |||||
| Jikiken (EXOS-B) | September 16, 1978 | |||||
| Dynamics Explorer | August 3, 1981 | |||||
| GEOTAIL | July 24, 1992 | Still operating | ||||
| WIND | November 1, 1994 | Still operating | ||||
| Ørsted | February 23, 1999 | 96.4798° | Still operating | |||
| IMAGE | March 25, 2000 | 90° | December, 2005 | 0.2-7.2 | ||
| THEMIS | February 17, 2007 | 16° | Still operating | |||
| Double Star mission | December 29, 2003 & July 25, 2004 | |||||
| Cluster II (spacecraft) mission | July 16, 2000 and August 9, 2000 | 90° (then changed during mission operation) | Still operating | 4-20 | ||
| Polar | ||||||
| TWINS | June, 28 2006 and March, 13, 2008 | 63° | Still operating | 0.2-6.5 | ||
| Van Allen Probes | August 30, 2012 | Still operating | ||||
| Ion Release Module | ||||||
| Charge Composition Explorer | ||||||
| MMS | March 13, 2015 | Still operating | ||||
| ERG | 2016 |
Notes
1γ = 10−5 oersted = Dynamic range of instrumentation
References
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