List of dinosaur species preserved with evidence of feathers

Fossil of Sinornithosaurus millenii, the first evidence of feathers in dromaeosaurids
Cast of a Caudipteryx fossil with feather impressions and stomach content
Fossil cast of a Sinornithosaurus millenii
Jinfengopteryx elegans fossil

Several non-avian dinosaurs were feathered. Direct evidence of feathers exists for the following species, listed in the order currently accepted evidence was first published. In all examples, the evidence described consists of feather impressions, except those genera inferred to have had feathers based on skeletal or chemical evidence, such as the presence of quill knobs (the anchor points for wing feathers on the forelimb) or a pygostyle (the fused vertebrae at the tail tip which often supports large feathers).[1]

  1. Ostromia crassipes (1970)[2][3]
  2. Avimimus portentosus (inferred 1987: ulnar ridge)[4][5]
  3. Sinosauropteryx prima (1996)[6]
  4. Fulicopus lyellii, an ichnotaxon, possible squatting Dilophosaurus or similar. (1996) [7]
  5. Protarchaeopteryx robusta (1997)[8]
  6. GMV 2124 (1997)[9]
  7. Caudipteryx zoui (1998)[10]
  8. Rahonavis ostromi (inferred 1998: quill knobs; possibly avialan[11])[12]
  9. Shuvuuia deserti (1999)[13]
  10. Beipiaosaurus inexpectus (1999)[14]
  11. Sinornithosaurus millenii (1999)[15]
  12. Caudipteryx dongi (2000)[16]
  13. Caudipteryx sp. (2000)[17]
  14. Microraptor zhaoianus (2000)[18]
  15. Nomingia gobiensis (inferred 2000: pygostyle)[19]
  16. Psittacosaurus sp.? (2002)[20]
  17. Scansoriopteryx heilmanni (2002; possibly avialan)[21]
  18. Yixianosaurus longimanus (2003)[22]
  19. Dilong paradoxus (2004)[23]
  20. Pedopenna daohugouensis (2005; possibly avialan[24])[25]
  21. Jinfengopteryx elegans (2005)[26][27]
  22. Juravenator starki (2006)[28][29]
  23. Sinocalliopteryx gigas (2007)[30]
  24. Velociraptor mongoliensis (inferred 2007: quill knobs)[31]
  25. Epidexipteryx hui (2008; possibly avialan)[32]
  26. Similicaudipteryx yixianensis (inferred 2008: pygostyle; confirmed 2010)[33][34]
  27. Anchiornis huxleyi (2009; possibly avialan)[35]
  28. Tianyulong confuciusi? (2009)[36]
  29. Concavenator corcovatus? (inferred 2010: quill knobs?)[37][38]
  30. Xiaotingia zhengi (2011; possibly avialan)[39]
  31. Yutyrannus huali (2012)[40]
  32. Sciurumimus albersdoerferi (2012)[41]
  33. Ornithomimus edmontonicus (2012)[42]
  34. Ningyuansaurus wangi (2012)[43]
  35. Eosinopteryx brevipenna (2013; possibly avialan)[44]
  36. Jianchangosaurus yixianensis (2013)[45]
  37. Aurornis xui (2013; possibly avialan)[46]
  38. Changyuraptor yangi (2014)[47]
  39. Kulindadromeus zabaikalicus? (2014)[48]
  40. Citipati osmolskae (inferred 2014: pygostyle)[49]
  41. Conchoraptor gracilis (inferred 2014: pygostyle)[49]
  42. Deinocheirus mirificus? (inferred 2014: pygostyle)[50]
  43. Yi qi (2015)[51]
  44. Ornithomimus sp. (2015)[52]
  45. Zhenyuanlong suni (2015)[53]
  46. Dakotaraptor steini (inferred 2015: quill knobs)[54]
  47. Apatoraptor pennatus (inferred 2016: quill knobs)[55]
  48. Jianianhualong tengi (2017)[56][57]
  49. Serikornis sungei (2017)[58]
  50. Caihong juji (2018)[59]
  • Note that the filamentous structures in some ornithischian dinosaurs (Psittacosaurus, Tianyulong and Kulindadromeus) and the pycnofibres found in some pterosaurs may or may not be homologous with the feathers of theropods.[36][60]

References

  1. ↑ Stephen L. Brusatte, Graeme T. Lloyd, Steve C. Wang, Mark A. Norell (2014). "Gradual assembly of avian body plan culminated in rapid rates of evolution across the dinosaur-bird transition". Current Biology. 24 (20): 2386–2392. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2014.08.034. PMID 25264248.
  2. ↑ Ostrom, John H. (1970). "Archaeopteryx: Notice of a "New" Specimen". Science. 170 (3957): 537–538. doi:10.1126/science.170.3957.537.
  3. ↑ Foth, C.; Rauhut, O.W.M. (2017). "Re-evaluation of the Haarlem Archaeopteryx and the radiation of maniraptoran theropod dinosaurs". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 17: 236. doi:10.1186/s12862-017-1076-y.
  4. ↑ Kurzanov, S.M. (1987). "Avimimidae and the problem of the origin of birds." Transactions of the Joint Soviet-Mongolian Paleontological Expedition, 31: 5-92. [in Russian]
  5. ↑ Chiappe, L.M. and Witmer, L.M. (2002). Mesozoic Birds: Above the Heads of Dinosaurs. Berkeley: University of California Press, 536 pp. ISBN 0-520-20094-2
  6. ↑ Ji Q., Ji S. (1996). "On discovery of the earliest bird fossil in China and the origin of birds". Chinese Geology. 10 (233): 30–33.
  7. ↑ Gierliński, G. (1996). "Feather-like impressions in a theropod resting trace from the Lower Jurassic of Massachusetts". Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin. 60: 179-184.
  8. ↑ Ji, Q., and Ji, S. (1997). "A Chinese archaeopterygian, Protarchaeopteryx gen. nov." Geological Science and Technology (Di Zhi Ke Ji), 238: 38-41. Translated By Will Downs Bilby Research Center Northern Arizona University January 2001
  9. ↑ Ji, Q.; Ji, S. (1997). "Advances in Sinosauropteryx research". Chinese Geology. 7: 30–32.
  10. ↑ Currie, Philip J.; Qiang, Ji; Norell, Mark A.; Shu-An, Ji (1998). "Two feathered dinosaurs from northeastern China". Nature. 393 (6687): 753–761. Bibcode:1998Natur.393..753Q. doi:10.1038/31635.
  11. ↑ Agnolin, F.L.; Novas, F.E. (2011). "Unenlagiid theropods: are they members of the Dromaeosauridae (Theropoda, Maniraptora)?" (PDF). Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências. 83: 117–162. doi:10.1590/S0001-37652011000100008. Retrieved 23 April 2011.
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  13. ↑ Schweitzer, M.H.; Watt, J.A.; Avci, R.; Knapp, L.; Chiappe, L.; Norell, M.; Marshall, M. (1999). "Beta-keratin specific immunological reactivity in feather-like structures of the Cretaceous Alvarezsaurid, Shuvuuia deserti". Journal of Experimental Zoology. 285 (2): 146–57. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-010X(19990815)285:2<146::AID-JEZ7>3.0.CO;2-A. PMID 10440726.
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