List of integrals of exponential functions

The following is a list of integrals of exponential functions. For a complete list of integral functions, please see the list of integrals.

Indefinite integral

Indefinite integrals are antiderivative functions. A constant (the constant of integration) may be added to the right hand side of any of these formulas, but has been suppressed here in the interest of brevity.

Integrals of polynomials

\int xe^{cx}\,dx=e^{cx}\left({\frac {cx-1}{c^{2}}}\right)

\int x^{2}e^{cx}\,dx=e^{cx}\left({\frac {x^{2}}{c}}-{\frac {2x}{c^{2}}}+{\frac {2}{c^{3}}}\right)

{\begin{aligned}\int x^{n}e^{cx}\,dx&={\frac {1}{c}}x^{n}e^{cx}-{\frac {n}{c}}\int x^{n-1}e^{cx}\,dx\\&=\left({\frac {\partial }{\partial c}}\right)^{n}{\frac {e^{cx}}{c}}\\&=e^{cx}\sum _{i=0}^{n}(-1)^{i}{\frac {n!}{(n-i)!c^{i+1}}}x^{n-i}\\&=e^{cx}\sum _{i=0}^{n}(-1)^{n-i}{\frac {n!}{i!c^{n-i+1}}}x^{i}\end{aligned}}

\int {\frac {e^{cx}}{x}}\,dx=\ln |x|+\sum _{n=1}^{\infty }{\frac {(cx)^{n}}{n\cdot n!}}

\int {\frac {e^{cx}}{x^{n}}}\,dx={\frac {1}{n-1}}\left(-{\frac {e^{cx}}{x^{n-1}}}+c\int {\frac {e^{cx}}{x^{n-1}}}\,dx\right)\qquad {\text{(for }}n\neq 1{\text{)}}

Integrals involving only exponential functions

\int f'(x)e^{f(x)}\,dx=e^{f(x)}

\int e^{cx}\,dx={\frac {1}{c}}e^{cx}

\int a^{cx}\,dx={\frac {1}{c\cdot \ln a}}a^{cx}\qquad {\text{ for }}a>0,\ a\neq 1

Integrals involving exponential and trigonometric functions

{\begin{aligned}\int e^{cx}\sin bx\,dx&={\frac {e^{cx}}{c^{2}+b^{2}}}(c\sin bx-b\cos bx)\\&={\frac {e^{cx}}{\sqrt {c^{2}+b^{2}}}}\sin(bx-\phi )\qquad {\text{where }}\cos(\phi )={\frac {c}{\sqrt {c^{2}+b^{2}}}}\end{aligned}}

{\begin{aligned}\int e^{cx}\cos bx\,dx&={\frac {e^{cx}}{c^{2}+b^{2}}}(c\cos bx+b\sin bx)\\&={\frac {e^{cx}}{\sqrt {c^{2}+b^{2}}}}\cos(bx-\phi )\qquad {\text{where }}\cos(\phi )={\frac {c}{\sqrt {c^{2}+b^{2}}}}\end{aligned}}

\int e^{cx}\sin ^{n}x\,dx={\frac {e^{cx}\sin ^{n-1}x}{c^{2}+n^{2}}}(c\sin x-n\cos x)+{\frac {n(n-1)}{c^{2}+n^{2}}}\int e^{cx}\sin ^{n-2}x\,dx

\int e^{cx}\cos ^{n}x\,dx={\frac {e^{cx}\cos ^{n-1}x}{c^{2}+n^{2}}}(c\cos x+n\sin x)+{\frac {n(n-1)}{c^{2}+n^{2}}}\int e^{cx}\cos ^{n-2}x\,dx

Integrals involving the error function

In the following formulas, $erf$ is the error function and $Ei$ is the exponential integral.

\int e^{cx}\ln x\,dx={\frac {1}{c}}\left(e^{cx}\ln |x|-\operatorname {Ei} (cx)\right)

\int xe^{cx^{2}}\,dx={\frac {1}{2c}}e^{cx^{2}}

\int e^{-cx^{2}}\,dx={\sqrt {\frac {\pi }{4c}}}\operatorname {erf} ({\sqrt {c}}x)

\int xe^{-cx^{2}}\,dx=-{\frac {1}{2c}}e^{-cx^{2}}

\int {\frac {e^{-x^{2}}}{x^{2}}}\,dx=-{\frac {e^{-x^{2}}}{x}}-{\sqrt {\pi }}\operatorname {erf} (x)

\int {{\frac {1}{\sigma {\sqrt {2\pi }}}}e^{-{\frac {1}{2}}\left({\frac {x-\mu }{\sigma }}\right)^{2}}}\,dx={\frac {1}{2}}\operatorname {erf} \left({\frac {x-\mu }{\sigma {\sqrt {2}}}}\right)

Other integrals

\int e^{x^{2}}\,dx=e^{x^{2}}\left(\sum _{j=0}^{n-1}c_{2j}{\frac {1}{x^{2j+1}}}\right)+(2n-1)c_{2n-2}\int {\frac {e^{x^{2}}}{x^{2n}}}\,dx\quad {\text{valid for any }}n>0,

where

c_{2j}={\frac {1\cdot 3\cdot 5\cdots (2j-1)}{2^{j+1}}}={\frac {(2j)!}{j!2^{2j+1}}}\ .

(Note that the value of the expression is independent of the value of

n

, which is why it does not appear in the integral.)

{\int \underbrace {x^{x^{\cdot ^{\cdot ^{x}}}}} _{m}dx=\sum _{n=0}^{m}{\frac {(-1)^{n}(n+1)^{n-1}}{n!}}\Gamma (n+1,-\ln x)+\sum _{n=m+1}^{\infty }(-1)^{n}a_{mn}\Gamma (n+1,-\ln x)\qquad {\text{(for }}x>0{\text{)}}}

where

a_{mn}={\begin{cases}1&{\text{if }}n=0,\\\\{\dfrac {1}{n!}}&{\text{if }}m=1,\\\\{\dfrac {1}{n}}\sum _{j=1}^{n}ja_{m,n-j}a_{m-1,j-1}&{\text{otherwise}}\end{cases}}

and

Γ(x, y)

is the gamma function.

\int {\frac {1}{ae^{\lambda x}+b}}\,dx={\frac {x}{b}}-{\frac {1}{b\lambda }}\ln \left(ae^{\lambda x}+b\right)

when

b\neq 0

,

\lambda \neq 0

, and

ae^{\lambda x}+b>0.

\int {\frac {e^{2\lambda x}}{ae^{\lambda x}+b}}\,dx={\frac {1}{a^{2}\lambda }}\left[ae^{\lambda x}+b-b\ln \left(ae^{\lambda x}+b\right)\right]

when

a\neq 0

,

\lambda \neq 0

, and

ae^{\lambda x}+b>0.

\int {\frac {ae^{cx}-1}{be^{cx}-1}}\,dx={\frac {(a-b)\log(1-be^{cx})}{bc}}+x.

Definite integrals

{\begin{aligned}\int _{0}^{1}e^{x\cdot \ln a+(1-x)\cdot \ln b}\,dx&=\int _{0}^{1}\left({\frac {a}{b}}\right)^{x}\cdot b\,dx\\&=\int _{0}^{1}a^{x}\cdot b^{1-x}\,dx\\&={\frac {a-b}{\ln a-\ln b}}\qquad {\text{for }}a>0,\ b>0,\ a\neq b\end{aligned}}

The last expression is the logarithmic mean.

\int _{0}^{\infty }e^{-ax}\,dx={\frac {1}{a}}\quad (\operatorname {Re} (a)>0)

\int _{0}^{\infty }e^{-ax^{2}}\,dx={\frac {1}{2}}{\sqrt {\pi  \over a}}\quad (a>0)

(the Gaussian integral)

\int _{-\infty }^{\infty }e^{-ax^{2}}\,dx={\sqrt {\pi  \over a}}\quad (a>0)

\int _{-\infty }^{\infty }e^{-ax^{2}+bx}\,dx={\sqrt {\pi  \over a}}e^{\tfrac {b^{2}}{4a}}\quad (a>0)

\int _{-\infty }^{\infty }e^{-ax^{2}}e^{-2bx}\,dx={\sqrt {\frac {\pi }{a}}}e^{\frac {b^{2}}{a}}\quad (a>0)

(see Integral of a Gaussian function)

\int _{-\infty }^{\infty }xe^{-a(x-b)^{2}}\,dx=b{\sqrt {\frac {\pi }{a}}}\quad (\operatorname {Re} (a)>0)

\int _{-\infty }^{\infty }xe^{-ax^{2}+bx}\,dx={\frac {{\sqrt {\pi }}b}{2a^{3/2}}}e^{\frac {b^{2}}{4a}}\quad (\operatorname {Re} (a)>0)

\int _{-\infty }^{\infty }x^{2}e^{-ax^{2}}\,dx={\frac {1}{2}}{\sqrt {\pi  \over a^{3}}}\quad (a>0)

\int _{-\infty }^{\infty }x^{2}e^{-ax^{2}+bx}\,dx={\frac {{\sqrt {\pi }}(2a+b^{2})}{4a^{5/2}}}e^{\frac {b^{2}}{4a}}\quad (\operatorname {Re} (a)>0)

\int _{-\infty }^{\infty }x^{3}e^{-ax^{2}+bx}\,dx={\frac {{\sqrt {\pi }}(6a+b^{2})b}{8a^{7/2}}}e^{\frac {b^{2}}{4a}}\quad (\operatorname {Re} (a)>0)

\int _{0}^{\infty }x^{n}e^{-ax^{2}}\,dx={\begin{cases}{\dfrac {\Gamma \left({\frac {n+1}{2}}\right)}{2a^{\frac {n+1}{2}}}}&(n>-1,\ a>0)\\\\{\dfrac {(2k-1)!!}{2^{k+1}a^{k}}}{\sqrt {\dfrac {\pi }{a}}}&(n=2k,\ k{\text{ integer}},\ a>0)\\\\{\dfrac {k!}{2a^{k+1}}}&(n=2k+1,\ k{\text{ integer}},\ a>0)\end{cases}}

(

!!

is the double factorial)

\int _{0}^{\infty }x^{n}e^{-ax}\,dx={\begin{cases}{\dfrac {\Gamma (n+1)}{a^{n+1}}}&(n>-1,\ a>0)\\\\{\dfrac {n!}{a^{n+1}}}&(n=0,1,2,\ldots ,\ a>0)\end{cases}}

\int _{0}^{1}x^{n}e^{-ax}\,dx={\frac {n!}{a^{n+1}}}\left[1-e^{-a}\sum _{i=0}^{n}{\frac {a^{i}}{i!}}\right]

\int _{0}^{\infty }e^{-ax^{b}}dx={\frac {1}{b}}\ a^{-{\frac {1}{b}}}\Gamma \left({\frac {1}{b}}\right)

\int _{0}^{\infty }x^{n}e^{-ax^{b}}dx={\frac {1}{b}}\ a^{-{\frac {n+1}{b}}}\Gamma \left({\frac {n+1}{b}}\right)

\int _{0}^{\infty }e^{-ax}\sin bx\,dx={\frac {b}{a^{2}+b^{2}}}\quad (a>0)

\int _{0}^{\infty }e^{-ax}\cos bx\,dx={\frac {a}{a^{2}+b^{2}}}\quad (a>0)

\int _{0}^{\infty }xe^{-ax}\sin bx\,dx={\frac {2ab}{(a^{2}+b^{2})^{2}}}\quad (a>0)

\int _{0}^{\infty }xe^{-ax}\cos bx\,dx={\frac {a^{2}-b^{2}}{(a^{2}+b^{2})^{2}}}\quad (a>0)

\int _{0}^{2\pi }e^{x\cos \theta }d\theta =2\pi I_{0}(x)

(

I 0

is the modified Bessel function of the first kind)

\int _{0}^{2\pi }e^{x\cos \theta +y\sin \theta }d\theta =2\pi I_{0}\left({\sqrt {x^{2}+y^{2}}}\right)

See also

Gradshteyn and Ryzhik

Further reading

Moll, Victor Hugo (2014-11-12). Special Integrals of Gradshteyn and Ryzhik: the Proofs – Volume I. Series: Monographs and Research Notes in Mathematics. I (1 ed.). Chapman and Hall/CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-48225-651-2. Retrieved 2016-02-12.
Moll, Victor Hugo (2015-10-27). Special Integrals of Gradshteyn and Ryzhik: the Proofs – Volume II. Series: Monographs and Research Notes in Mathematics. II (1 ed.). Chapman and Hall/CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-48225-653-6. Retrieved 2016-02-12.

External links

Wolfram Mathematica Online Integrator
Moll, Victor Hugo. "List with the formulas and proofs in GR". Retrieved 2016-02-12.

Lists of integrals
Rational functions Irrational functions Trigonometric functions Inverse trigonometric functions Hyperbolic functions Inverse hyperbolic functions Exponential functions Logarithmic functions Gaussian functions

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