List of important publications in philosophy
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This is a list of important publications in philosophy, organized by field.
Some reasons why a particular publication might be regarded as important:
- Topic creator – A publication that created a new topic
- Breakthrough – A publication that changed or added to philosophical knowledge significantly
- Influence – A publication which has significantly influenced the world or has had a massive impact on the teaching of philosophy.
Historical philosophical texts
European and Islamic philosophy
Ancient philosophy
- Parmenides, On Nature
- Plato, Protagoras
- Plato, Cratylus
- Plato, Phaedrus
- Plato, Symposium
- Plato, Meno
- Plato, Euthyphro
- Plato, Apology
- Plato, Crito
- Plato, Phaedo
- Plato, Gorgias
- Plato, The Republic
- Plato, Timaeus
- Plato, Theaetetus
- Plato, Parmenides
- Plato, Laws
- Aristotle, Organon
- Aristotle, Physics
- Aristotle, Metaphysics
- Aristotle, On the Soul
- Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics
- Aristotle, Politics
- Aristotle, Rhetoric
- Aristotle, Poetics
- Lucretius, On the Nature of Things
- Marcus Aurelius, Meditations
- Plotinus, Enneads
- Epictetus, Enchiridion
Medieval philosophy
- Augustine of Hippo, Confessions, c. AD 397
- Augustine of Hippo, The City of God, early 5th century
- Boethius, Consolation of Philosophy, c. 500
- Avicenna, The Book of Healing
- Avicenna, Proof of the Truthful
- Maimonides, Guide for the Perplexed
- Maimonides, Mishneh Torah
- Yehuda Halevi, Kuzari
- Saadia Gaon, Emunoth ve-Deoth
- Al-Ghazali, The Incoherence of the Philosophers
- Averroes, The Incoherence of the Incoherence
- Thomas Aquinas, Summa contra Gentiles, c. 1260
- Thomas Aquinas, Summa Theologiae
- Anselm, Proslogion
Early modern philosophy
Title page of Advancement of Learning by Francis Bacon
- Desiderius Erasmus, The Praise of Folly, 1509 (printed 1511)
- Niccolò Machiavelli, The Prince, 1513 (printed 1532)
- Sir Francis Bacon, Novum Organum, 1620
- Hugo Grotius, De iure belli ac pacis, 1625
- René Descartes, Discourse on the Method , 1637
- René Descartes, Meditations on First Philosophy, 1641
- Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan, 1651
- Blaise Pascal, Pensées, 1670
- Baruch Spinoza, Ethics, 1677
- Baruch Spinoza, Tractatus Theologico-Politicus, 1677
- John Locke, Two Treatises of Government, 1689
- John Locke, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, 1689
- Gottfried Leibniz, Discourse on Metaphysics, 1686
- Gottfried Leibniz, New Essays Concerning Human Understanding, 1704 (printed 1765)
- Gottfried Leibniz, Théodicée, 1710
- Gottfried Leibniz, Monadology, 1714 (printed 1720)
- George Berkeley, Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge, 1710
- David Hume, A Treatise of Human Nature, 1738–1740
- David Hume, An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding, 1748
- David Hume, An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals, 1751
- Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Discourse on the Arts and Sciences, 1750
- Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Emile: or, On Education, 1762
- Jean-Jacques Rousseau, The Social Contract, 1762
- Adam Smith, The Theory of Moral Sentiments, 1759
- Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations, 1776
- Immanuel Kant, Critique of Pure Reason, 1781
- Immanuel Kant, Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals, 1785
- Immanuel Kant, Critique of Practical Reason, 1788
- Jeremy Bentham, An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation, 1789
- Immanuel Kant, Critique of Judgement, 1790
- Mary Wollstonecraft, A Vindication of the Rights of Women, 1792
- Johann Gottlieb Fichte, Foundations of the Science of Knowledge, 1794
- Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Phenomenology of Spirit , 1807
- Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Science of Logic, 1812–1817
- Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, The Philosophy of Right, 1820
- Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, The Philosophy of History, printed 1837
- Arthur Schopenhauer, The World as Will and Representation, 1819–1859
- Søren Kierkegaard, Either/Or, 1843
- Søren Kierkegaard, Fear and Trembling, 1843
- Søren Kierkegaard, The Concept of Anxiety, 1844
- Max Stirner, The Ego and Its Own, 1844
- Karl Marx, The Communist Manifesto, 1848
- Karl Marx, Das Kapital, 1867–1894
- John Stuart Mill, On Liberty, 1859
- John Stuart Mill, Utilitarianism, 1861–1863
- John Stuart Mill, Harriet Taylor Mill, The Subjection of Women, 1869
- Henry Sidgwick, The Methods of Ethics, 1874
- Friedrich Nietzsche, Thus Spoke Zarathustra, 1883–1891
- Friedrich Nietzsche, Beyond Good and Evil, 1886
- Friedrich Nietzsche, On the Genealogy of Morals, 1887
- Henri Bergson, Matter and Memory, 1896
Asian philosophy
Indian philosophy
- The Upanishads
- The Bhagavad Gita ("The Song of God")
- Samkhya school:
- Nyaya school:
- Vaisheshika school:
- Yoga school:
- Vedanta school:
- Tamil,
Chinese philosophy
Zhou Dynasty
- Kongzi, Analects (likely written later by followers)
- Kongzi, Five Classics (compiled)
- Sunzi, Art of War
- Laozi, Dao De Jing
Warring States
Song Dynasty
- Zhou Dunyi, The Taiji Tushuo
- Zhu Xi, Four Books [compiled]
- Zhu Xi, Reflections on Things at Hand, 1175
Japanese philosophy
Pre-Meiji Buddhism
- Kukai, Attaining Enlightenment in this Very Existence, 817
- Honen, One-Sheet Document, 1212
- Shinran, Kyogyoshinsho, 1224
- Dogen Zenji, Shōbōgenzō, 1231-1253
- Hakuin Ekaku, Wild Ivy
Early modern
- Zeami Motokiyo, Style and Flower, approx. 1400 AD
- Miyamoto Musashi, The Book of Five Rings, approx. 1600 AD
Contemporary philosophical texts
Phenomenology and existentialism
- Edmund Husserl, Logical Investigations (1900/1901)
- Edmund Husserl, Ideas Pertaining to a Pure Phenomenology and to a Phenomenological Philosophy (1913)
- Martin Heidegger, Being and Time (1927)
- Edmund Husserl, Cartesian Meditations (1931)
- Albert Camus, Myth of Sisyphus (1942)
- Jean-Paul Sartre, Being and Nothingness (1943)
- Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Phenomenology of Perception (1945)
- Simone de Beauvoir, The Second Sex (1949)
- Jean-Paul Sartre, Critique of Dialectical Reason (1960)
Hermeneutics and deconstruction
- Hans-Georg Gadamer, Truth and Method (1960)
- Paul Ricœur, Freud and Philosophy: An Essay on Interpretation (1965)
- Jacques Derrida, Of Grammatology (1967)
Structuralism and post-structuralism
- Michel Foucault, The Order of Things (1966)
- Gilles Deleuze, Difference and Repetition (1968)
- Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari, Capitalism and Schizophrenia (1972-1980)
- Luce Irigaray, Speculum of the Other Woman (1974)
- Michel Foucault, Discipline and Punish (1975)
Critical theory and Marxism
- Georg Lukacs, "History and Class Consciousness" (1923)
- Herbert Marcuse, Reason and Revolution (1941)
- Max Horkheimer and Theodor Adorno, Dialectic of Enlightenment (1944)
- Herbert Marcuse, Eros and Civilization (1945)
- Louis Althusser, Reading Capital (1965)
- Theodor Adorno, Negative Dialectics (1966)
- Jürgen Habermas, Theory of Communicative Action (1981)
- Alain Badiou, Being and Event (1988)
Epistemology
- Bertrand Russell, The Problems of Philosophy (1912)
- G. E. Moore, "A Defence of Common Sense" (1925)
- Edmund Gettier, "Is Justified True Belief Knowledge?" (1963)
- Richard Rorty, Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature (1979)
- Stanley Cavell,The Claim of Reason: Wittgenstein, Skepticism, Morality, and Tragedy (1979,1999)
- Roderick Chisholm, A Theory of Knowing
- Alvin Goldman, Epistemology and Cognition
- Alvin Goldman, "What is Justified Belief?"
- John McDowell, Mind and World
- Susan Haack, Evidence and Enquiry
- Laurence Bonjour, The Structure of Empirical Knowledge
- Stephen Stich, The Fragmentation of Reason
- Timothy Williamson, Knowledge and its Limits
- Keith DeRose, The Case for Contextualism
- Jason Stanley, Knowledge and Practical Interest
- Hilary Kornblith, Knowledge and its Place in Nature
- Jonathan Kvanvig, The Value of Knowledge and the Pursuit of Understanding
- David K. Lewis, Elusive Knowledge
- Willard van Orman Quine, "Epistemology Naturalized"
- Peter Unger, Ignorance: A Case for Scepticism
Metaphysics
- John Dewey, Experience and Nature, 1929
- William James, Pragmatism
- G. E. Moore, The Refutation of Idealism, 1903
- Ludwig Wittgenstein, Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus (a.k.a. The Tractatus)
- Alfred North Whitehead, Process and Reality
- A. J. Ayer, Language, Truth, and Logic
- Rudolf Carnap, Empiricism, Semantics, and Ontology
- D.M. Armstrong, Universals and Scientific Realism
- W. V. O. Quine, "Two Dogmas of Empiricism"
- W. V. O. Quine, "On What There Is"
- Saul Kripke, Naming and Necessity
- Derek Parfit, Reasons and Persons
- David Kellogg Lewis, On the Plurality of Worlds
- John McDowell, Mind and World
- Timothy Williamson, Modal Logic as Metaphysics
- Stephen Mumford, Dispositions
- Theodore Sider, Writing the Book of the World
- David Chalmers, Constructing the World
- James Ladyman, Don Ross, David Spurrett, John Collier, Every Thing Must Go: Metaphysics Naturalized
Philosophy of biology
- Elliott Sober, The Nature of Selection
- Erwin Schrödinger, What is Life? The Physical Aspect of the Living Cell, 1945
- Ruth Garrett Millikan, Language, Thought, and Other Biological Categories
- Daniel C. Dennett, Darwin's Dangerous Idea
Philosophy of chemistry
- J. van Brakel, Philosophy of Chemistry, Leuven University Press, 2000.
Philosophy of mind
- David Chalmers, The Conscious Mind and The Character of Consciousness
- Daniel Dennett, Consciousness Explained
- Thomas Nagel, "What Is it Like to Be a Bat?"
- Thomas Nagel, The View From Nowhere
- Hilary Putnam, The Meaning of Meaning
- Gilbert Ryle, The Concept of Mind, 1949
- Wilfrid Sellars, Empiricism and the Philosophy of Mind, 1956
- John Searle, Intentionality
- Roger Penrose, The Emperor's New Mind
- Ruth Millikan, Language, Thought, and Other Biological Categories.
- Jerry Fodor, The Language of Thought
- Jerry Fodor, The Modularity of Mind
- Andy Clark, Supersizing the Mind
- Tyler Burge, Anti-Individualism and the Mental
- Paul Churchland, Eliminative Materialism and Propositional Attitudes
- Stephen Stich, From Folk Psychology to Cognitive Science
- David K. Lewis, An Argument for the Identity Theory
Philosophy of physics
- Hans Reichenbach, The Philosophy of Space and Time
- John Stuart Bell, On the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Paradox, 1964
Philosophy of psychology
- William James, The Principles of Psychology
- Donald Davidson, The Very Idea of a Conceptual Scheme
Philosophy of religion
- Alvin Plantinga, God and Other Minds, 1967
- Alvin Plantinga, 'Is Belief in God Properly Basic', 1981
- Richard Swinburne, The Existence of God, 1979
- William Lane Craig, The Kalam Cosmological Argument, 1979
- J. L. Mackie, The Miracle of Theism, 1982
- Dewi Zephaniah Phillips, 'Religion Without Explanation'
- J. L. Schellenberg, Divine Hiddenness and Human Reason, 1993
- William Rowe, 'The Evidential Argument from Evil: A Second Look', 1996
Philosophy of science
- Karl Pearson, The Grammar of Science, 1892
- Nelson Goodman, Fact, Fiction, and Forecast, 1954
- Karl Popper, The Logic of Scientific Discovery, 1959
- Thomas Samuel Kuhn, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, 1962
- Hans Reichenbach, The Rise of Scientific Philosophy
- Paul Feyerabend, Against Method: Outline of an Anarchistic Theory of Knowledge, 1975
- David K. Lewis, 'How to Define Theoretical Terms', 1970.
- Bas C. van Fraassen, The Scientific Image, 1980
- Larry Laudan, 'The Demise of the Demarcation Problem', 1983
Ethics and value theory
Aesthetics
- R.G. Collingwood, The Principles of Art
- Nelson Goodman, Languages of Art: An Approach to a Theory of Symbols, 1968
- Arthur C. Danto, After the End of Art
- Theodor Adorno, Aesthetic Theory
Ethics
- G. E. M. Anscombe, Modern Moral Philosophy
- Philippa Foot, Virtues and Vices and Natural Goodness
- David Gauthier, Morals by Agreement
- Alan Gewirth, Reason and Morality
- Allan Gibbard, Thinking How to Live
- Susan Hurley, Natural Reasons
- Shelly Kagan, The Limits of Morality
- Christine Korsgaard, The Sources of Normativity
- John McDowell, Values and Secondary Qualities
- Alasdair MacIntyre, After Virtue
- J. L. Mackie, Ethics: Inventing Right and Wrong
- G. E. Moore, Principia Ethica
- Martha Nussbaum, The Fragility of Goodness
- Derek Parfit, Reasons and Persons
- Derek Parfit, On What Matters
- Peter Railton, Facts, Values, and Norms
- W. D. Ross, The Right and the Good
- Thomas M. Scanlon, What We Owe to Each Other
- Samuel Scheffler, The Rejection of Consequentialism
- Peter Singer, Practical Ethics
- Michael A. Smith, The Moral Problem
- Bernard Williams, Ethics and the Limits of Philosophy
Meta-ethics
- P. F. Strawson, Freedom and Resentment
Bioethics
- Don Marquis, "Why Abortion is Immoral"
- Paul Ramsey, The Patient as a Person
- Paul Ramsey, Fabricated Man
- Judith Jarvis Thomson, "A Defense of Abortion"
Business ethics
- Tibor R. Machan, The Morality of Business: A Profession for Human Wealthcare (2007)
Identity
- Judith Butler, 'Performative Acts and Gender Constitution', (1988)
- Edward Said, Orientalism
Social philosophy
Philosophy of economics
- Kenneth Arrow, Social Choice and Individual Values
- Ludwig von Mises, The Ultimate Foundation of Economic Science
- Elizabeth S. Anderson, Value in Ethics and Economics
Philosophy of education
Philosophy of history
- R.G. Collingwood, The Idea of History
- Karl Löwith, Meaning in History: The Theological Implications of the Philosophy of History
Philosophy of law
- John Finnis, Natural Law and Natural Rights
- H.L.A. Hart, The Concept of Law, 1994
- Lon L. Fuller, The Morality of Law
- Ronald Dworkin, Law's Empire
Political philosophy
Logic, language, and mathematics
Logic and philosophy of logic
- Charles Sanders Peirce, "How to Make Our Ideas Clear"
- Gottlob Frege, Begriffsschrift
- Bertrand Russell and Alfred North Whitehead, Principia Mathematica, 1910-1913
- Kurt Gödel, "On Formally Undecidable Propositions of Principia Mathematica and Related Systems", 1931
- Saul Kripke, "Semantical Considerations on Modal Logic"
- Alfred Tarski, "The Concept of Truth"
- Donald Davidson, "Truth and Meaning"
Philosophy of language
- Gottlob Frege, "On Sense and Reference"
- Bertrand Russell, "On Denoting"
- Ludwig Wittgenstein, Philosophical Investigations
- Willard Van Orman Quine, Word and Object
- J. L. Austin, "A Plea for Excuses"
- J. L. Austin, "How To Do Things With Words"
- Saul Kripke, Naming and Necessity
- H. P. Grice, "Logic and Conversation"
- Michael Dummett, Frege: Philosophy of Language
- Stanley Cavell, Must We Mean What We Say? (1969)
- John Searle, Speech Acts
- Cora Diamond, What Nonsense Might Be
- Robert Brandom, Making it Explicit
- David K. Lewis, 'General Semantics'
- David Chalmers, 'Two Dimensional Semantics'
Philosophy of mathematics
- Alfred North Whitehead and Bertrand Russell, Principia Mathematica
- Paul Benacerraf What Numbers Could not Be
- Paul Benacerraf, Mathematical Truth
- Paul Benacerraf and Hilary Putnam, Philosophy of Mathematics: Selected Readings
- George Boolos, Logic, Logic and Logic
- Imre Lakatos, Proofs and Refutations
- Penelope Maddy, Second Philosophy.
- Hartry Field, Science without Numbers: The Defence of Nominalism.
Chinese and Japanese thought
- Feng Youlan, A History of Chinese Philosophy, 1934
- Feng Youlan, New Rational Philosophy, 1939
- Kitaro Nishida, An Inquiry into the Good, 1911
- Kitaro Nishida, From the Acting to the Seeing, 1923–27
- Suzuki Daisetsu Teitaro, An Introduction to Zen Buddhism, 1934
- Nishitani Keiji, Religion and Nothingness, 1961
See also
Notes
References
- Irvine, Andrew David. "Bertrand Russell". In Zalta, Edward N. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
Further reading
- What Are the Modern Classics? The Baruch Poll of Great Philosophy in the Twentieth Century, Douglas P. Lackey, Philosophical Forum 30(4): 329-346 (1999).
- American Philosophical Association
- Epistemology Research Guide
- Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy - Annotated Bibliography on Analysis
- Contemporary Philosophy of Mind: An Annotated Bibliography
- London Philosophy Study Guide
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