Comparison of file transfer protocols

This article lists communication protocols that are designed for file transfer over a telecommunications network.

Protocols for shared file systems—such as 9P and the Network File System—are beyond the scope of this article, as are file synchronization protocols.

Protocols for packet-switched networks

A packet-switched network transmits data that is divided into units called packets. A packet comprises a header (which describes the packet) and a payload (the data). The Internet is a packet-switched network, and most of the protocols in this list are designed for its protocol stack, the IP protocol suite.

They use one of two transport layer protocols: the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) or the User Datagram Protocol (UDP). In the tables below, the "Transport" column indicates which protocol(s) the transfer protocol uses at the transport layer. Some protocols designed to transmit data over UDP also use a TCP port for oversight.

The "Server port" column indicates the port from which the server transmits data. In the case of FTP, this port differs from the listening port. Some protocols—including FTP, FTP Secure, FASP, and Tsunami—listen on a "control port" or "command port", at which they receive commands from the client.

Similarly, the encryption scheme indicated in the "Encryption" column applies to transmitted data only, and not to the authentication system.

Overview

Color key:     International standard     Internet Standard     Proposed Standard     Internet Draft
ProtocolOriginal authorFirst publishedProtocol suiteStandardRefs
Full nameAbbreviation
BitTorrentBTBram Cohen2001N/ANo[1]
CCSDS File Delivery ProtocolCFDPN/AISO 17355:2007
CCSDS 727.0-B-4
Cross File TransferCFTN/ANo
EForwardN/ANo
Ether File Transfer ProtocolEFTPJohn Shoch1979PARC Universal PacketNo[2][3]
Fast and Secure ProtocolFASPYing Xu, Michelle Munson, Serban Simu2007N/ANo[4]
File Delivery over Unidirectional TransportFLUTEInternet Society2004N/A RFC 6726[5]
File Service ProtocolFSPWen-King Su1991N/ANo[6][7]
File Transfer Access and ManagementFTAMISO 8571-4:1988
File Transfer ProtocolFTPAbhay Bhushan1971Internet protocol suite RFC 959[8]
FTP SecureFTPSInternet Society1997Internet protocol suite RFC 2228, 4217[9][10]
HTTP SecureHTTPSTaher Elgamal et al.1995Internet protocol suite RFC 7230[11][12]
Host Unix Linkage File TransferHULFT??N/ANo
Hypertext Transfer ProtocolHTTPTim Berners-Lee et al.1991Internet protocol suite RFC 7231[13][14]
Micro Transport ProtocolµTPLudvig Strigeus, Greg Hazel, Stanislav Shalunov, Arvid Norberg, Bram Cohen2007N/ANo[15][16]
Multicast Dissemination ProtocolMDPNo
Multicast File Transfer ProtocolMFTPC. Kenneth Miller et al.1995N/AIETF Draft (1998)[17]
NACK-Oriented Reliable Multicast Transport ProtocolNORM RFC 5740
Odette File Transfer ProtocolOFTPNo[18]
Odette File Transfer Protocol 2OFTP2No[19]
Reliable Blast UDPRBUDPEric He et al.2002N/ANo[20]
Remote copyrcp?1982Internet protocol suiteNo[21]
Secure copySCPTatu Ylonen?Secure ShellNo[22]
Secure Hypertext Transfer ProtocolS-HTTPIETF Web Transaction Security Working Group1999N/A RFC 2660[23]
Simple Asynchronous File TransferSAFTUlli Horlacher1995N/ANo[24][25]
Simple File Transfer ProtocolSFTPMark K. Lottor1984N/A RFC 913[26]
SSH file transfer protocolSFTPTatu Ylönenc. 1997Secure ShellIETF Draft (2006)[27]
T.127T.127??N/AITU T.127
Trivial File Transfer ProtocolTFTPNoel Chiappa1980Internet protocol suite RFC 1350[28]
Tsunami UDP ProtocolTsunamiMark Meiss et al.2002N/ANo[29][30]
UDP-based Data Transfer ProtocolUDTYunhong Gu2004N/ANo
UDP-based File Transfer ProtocolUFTPDennis Bush2001N/ANo[31]
Unix-to-Unix CopyUUCPMike Lesk1979N/ANo
Warp Speed Data TransferWDTLaurent Demailly et al.2015N/ANo[32]

Features

The "Managed" column indicates whether the protocol is designed for managed file transfer (MFT). MFT protocols prioritise secure transmission in industrial applications that require such features as auditable transaction records, monitoring, and end-to-end data security. Such protocols may be preferred for electronic data interchange.[33]

ProtocolEncryption
(data)		Transfer
resuming		Multicast
capable		ManagedRefs
BitTorrentNone[lower-alpha 1]YesPeer-to-peerNo[34][35]
Cross File Transfer (CFT)TLS / SSLYes [36][37]
EForwardProprietaryYes[38]
Ether File Transfer Protocol (EFTP)None?NoNo[39]
Fast and Secure Protocol (FASP)AES-256 / AES-192 / AES-128YesNo[40][41][42]
File Delivery over Unidirectional Transport (FLUTE)Optional/Unspecified[lower-alpha 2]NoYes[43][44][45][46]
File Service Protocol (FSP)NoneYesNoNo[47][48]
File Transfer Access and Management (FTAM)?[lower-alpha 3][49]
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)NoneYes[lower-alpha 4]NoNo[50][51][52][53][54]
FTP Secure (FTPS)TLS / SSLYesNoNo
HTTP Secure (HTTPS)TLS / SSLNoNoNo[14][55][56]
Host Unix Linkage File Transfer (HULFT)AES?No[57][58][59][60]
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)None
(see HTTPS and S-HTTP)		NoNoNo[14][61]
Micro Transport Protocol (µTP)NoneYesPeer-to-peerNo[15]
Multicast Dissemination Protocol (MDP)NoneYesYes[62][63]
Multicast File Transfer Protocol (MFTP)NoneYesYesNo[64][65]
NACK-Oriented Reliable Multicast Transport Protocol (NORM)IPsecYesYes[66][67]
Odette File Transfer Protocol (OFTP)NoneYes[68]
Odette File Transfer Protocol 2 (OFTP2)TLSYes[69]
Reliable Blast UDP (RBUDP)NoneNoNo[20][70][71]
Remote copy (rcp)NoneNoNoNo[72]
Secure copy (SCP)Secure ShellNoNoNo}
Secure Hypertext Transfer Protocol (S-HTTP)CMS / MOSS / otherNoNoNo[73]
Simple Asynchronous File Transfer (SAFT)PGP?NoNo[24][25][74]
Simple File Transfer Protocol (SFTP)NoneYesNoNo[75]
SSH file transfer protocol (SFTP)Secure ShellYesNoNo[76]
T.127NoneYesYesNo[77][78][79]
Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP)NoneNoNoNo[80]
Tsunami UDP ProtocolNoneNoNoNo[81][82]
UDP-based Data Transfer Protocol (UDT)ExperimentalNoNoNo[82][83][84]
UDP-based File Transfer Protocol (UFTP)AES-256 / AES-128 / 3DES / DES[lower-alpha 5]YesYesNo[82][31][85]
Unix-to-Unix Copy (UUCP)NoneSome[lower-alpha 6]NoNo[86][87]
Warp Speed Data Transfer (WDT)AES-128 (OFB / CTR)YesNoNo[88][89][90]
  1. ↑ Some implementations can obfuscate traffic using RC4 et al. See BitTorrent protocol encryption.
  2. ↑ RFC 6726 suggests IPSec as one option.
  3. ↑ One implementation, Fujitsu openFT, applies AES.
  4. ↑ RFC 1123 (1989) extends and corrects the provisions for restart/resume that were published in RFC 959 (1985). RFC 3659 (2007) provides for resuming in stream mode.
  5. ↑ These are the options in the reference implementation, which uses OpenSSL.
  6. ↑ The BNU implementation of UUCP can resume an interrupted file transfer.

Ports

In the table below, the data port is the network port or range of ports through which the protocol transmits file data. The control port is the port used for the dialogue of commands and status updates between client and server.

The column "Assigned by IANA" indicates whether the port is listed in the Service Name and Transport Protocol Port Number Registry, which is curated by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA). IANA devotes each port number in the registry to a specific service with a specific transport protocol. The table below lists the transport protocol in the "Transport" column.

ProtocolData portControl portAssigned
by IANA		AssigneeRefs
ServerClientTransport ServerClientTransport
BitTorrent6881[lower-alpha 1]6881TCP68816881TCPNoN/A[91]
CCSDS File Delivery Protocol (CFDP)
Cross File Transfer (CFT)1761[lower-alpha 2]TCP / X.25[92][93]
EForward2181TCP / UDP[94]
Ether File Transfer Protocol (EFTP)N/AN/ANoneN/AN/ANoneN/AN/A
Fast and Secure Protocol (FASP)≥33001UDP22TCPNoN/A[91]
File Delivery over Unidirectional Transport (FLUTE)4001UDPNoN/A[91]
File Service Protocol (FSP)Chosen by user[lower-alpha 3]UDPNoN/A[91]
File Transfer Access and Management (FTAM)4800 / 102TCP[95]
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)Active mode2020TCP[lower-alpha 4]21≥1024TCPYesJon Postel[91]
Passive mode≥1024[lower-alpha 5]≥1024
FTP Secure (FTPS)989TCP990TCPYesChristopher Allen[91]
HTTP Secure (HTTPS)443TCPTCPYesIESG[91]
Host Unix Linkage File Transfer (HULFT)30000TCPTCPNoN/A[91]
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)80TCPTCPYesTim Berners-Lee[91]
Micro Transport Protocol (µTP)UDPNoN/A[91]
Multicast Dissemination Protocol (MDP)Chosen by userUDP[96][97]
Multicast File Transfer Protocol (MFTP)5402UDPYesSteve Bannister[91]
NACK-Oriented Reliable Multicast Transport Protocol (NORM)UDP[98][99]
Odette File Transfer Protocol (OFTP)3305TCP / X.25TCP / X.25[100]
Odette File Transfer Protocol 2 (OFTP2)6619TCP / X.25TCP / X.25[101]
Reliable Blast UDP (RBUDP)Chosen by userUDPNoN/A[91]
Remote copy (rcp)514TCPTCPYes[91]
Secure copy (SCP)22TCPTCPYes[91]
Secure Hypertext Transfer Protocol (S-HTTP)80TCPTCPNoN/A[91]
Simple Asynchronous File Transfer (SAFT)487TCPYesUlli Horlacher[91]
Simple File Transfer Protocol (SFTP)115TCPTCPYesMark Lottor[91]
SSH file transfer protocol (SFTP)22TCPTCPYes[91]
T.1271503TCPTCPYesJim Johnston[91]
Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP)69UDPYesDavid Clark[91]
Tsunami UDP ProtocolChosen by userUDPTCPNoN/A[91]
UDP-based Data Transfer Protocol (UDT)Chosen by serverUDPNoN/A[91]
UDP-based File Transfer Protocol (UFTP)1044UDPNoN/A[91]
Unix-to-Unix Copy (UUCP)540TCPTCPYes[91]
Warp Speed Data Transfer (WDT)Chosen by server or by userTCPTCPNoN/A[91]
  1. ↑ Typically, if port 6881 is unavailable as a listening port, the peer incrementally tries 6882–6889. Another port may be specified in software.
  2. ↑ 1761 is the default port, but 1761–1768 are allocated by IANA.
  3. ↑ UDP port 21 is sometimes chosen for FSP.
  4. ↑ FTP was originally designed for NCP, a protocol used on ARPANET before the advent of TCP. The TCP implementation of FTP was standardized in RFC 959.
  5. ↑ The server listens on TCP port 21 (the control port), and the client sends commands to this port from a random port above 1023. To transfer data in active mode, the server initiates a connection from port 20 to the client at the randomly selected port number.
    In passive mode, the client uses a random port above 1023 as a control port, and from this initiates file transfer. The server sends or receives data from a randomly selected port above 1023, and the client sends or receives data from one port number above its own randomly selected control port.

Serial protocols

A 9-pin to 25-pin RS-232 adapter cable

The following protocols were designed for serial communication, mostly for the RS-232 standard. They are used for uploading and downloading computer files via modem or serial cable (e.g., by null modem or direct cable connection). UUCP is one protocol that can operate with either RS-232 or the Transmission Control Protocol as its transport. OBject EXchange is a protocol for binary object wireless transfer via the Bluetooth standard. Bluetooth was conceived as a wireless replacement for RS-232.

Overview

ProtocolAuthorFirst releasedLicenseDescriptionRefs
BiModemErik Labs1989
BLASTCommunications Research Group?[102]
CModemLavio Pareschi1989
B protocolCompuServe1981
JMODEMRichard B. Johnson?
HS/LinkSamuel H. Smith1991
KermitFrank da Cruz et al.1981[103]
LeechModemSam Brown?
LynxMatthew Thomas1989
NMODEML. B. Neal1990
OBEX File Transfer Protocol??A synchronous file transfer protocol in the OBject EXchange (OBEX) Bluetooth profile.
OBEX Push??An asynchronous file transfer protocol in the OBject EXchange (OBEX) Bluetooth profile.[104]
PunterSteve Punter?
SEAlinkThom Henderson1986An XMODEM-compatible protocol developed to avoid propagation delays in satellite transmissions and packet networks.[105][106][107]
SMODEMArisoft?
TmodemMike Bryeans?
UUCPMike Lesk1979
MODEM7Mark M. Zeigler, James K. Mills1980[108]
XMODEMWard Christensen1977Public domain[109]
WXMODEMPeter Boswell1986Public domain[110][111]
YMODEMChuck Forsberg1985Public domain[110]
ZMaxMike Bryeansc. 1991
ZMODEMChuck Forsberg1986Public domain[110]

Features

ProtocolData block size
(bytes)		Data
compression		Error detectionTransfer
resuming		BidirectionalSliding windowRefs
BiModemYes
BLASTCRCYesYes
CModem32–4096CRCYes
B protocol128–2048CRC32 / CRC16 / 8-bit checksumYesYes
JMODEM64–8192RLE
HS/LinkCRC32YesYes
Kermit≤94
(default: 80)		NoChecksumOver full-duplex only[112]
LeechModem
LynxRLECRC32Yes
NMODEM2048
OBject EXchange
Punter
SEAlinkYesYes
SMODEMYes
TmodemNo
UUCP "g"≤4096NoNo[113][114]
MODEM7128NoChecksumStop-and-wait ARQ
XMODEM128NoChecksumStop-and-wait ARQ
WXMODEM≤512Yes
YMODEM1024NoCRC16
ZMax≤~32,768CRC32
ZMODEM256 / 1024NoCRC32Yes

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Cohen, Bram (2 July 2001). "The BitTorrent Protocol Specification". Yahoo! Finance Groups. Archived from the original on 2008-12-16. Retrieved 2018-02-23.
  2. ↑ Shoch, John (1979). EFTP: A PUP-based Ether File Transfer Protocol.
  3. ↑ Snodgrass, Richard (December 1982). A Relational Approach to Monitoring Complex Systems. pp. 119, 149. Retrieved 2018-03-03.
  4. ↑ United States patent 20090063698, Ying Xu, Michelle Christine Munson, Serban Simu, "Method and system for aggregate bandwith control [sic]", issued 30 May 2017, assigned to Aspera, Inc. and IBM
  5. ↑ Paila, Toni; Luby, Michael; Lehtonen, Rami; Roca, Vincent; Walsh, Rod (October 2004). FLUTE - File Delivery over Unidirectional Transport. IETF. doi:10.17487/RFC3926. RFC 3926. https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3926. Retrieved 2018-03-07.
  6. ↑ Petersen, Julie K., ed. (2002). "File Service Protocol". The Telecommunications Illustrated Dictionary (2nd ed.). CRC Press. p. 357. ISBN 978-1-4200-4067-8 – via Google Books.
  7. ↑ "File Service Protocol (FSP) Frequently Asked Questions [Part 2/2]". FAQs.org. 21 July 1995. Section: "Who writes and maintains FSP software?". Retrieved 2018-03-03.
  8. ↑ Bhushan, Abhay (April 1971). A File Transfer Protocol. IETF. doi:10.17487/RFC0114. RFC 114. https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc114. Retrieved 2018-02-24.
  9. ↑ Horowitz, M.; Lunt, S. (October 1997). FTP Security Extensions. IETF. doi:10.17487/RFC2228. RFC 2228. https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2228. Retrieved 2018-03-03.
  10. ↑ Ford-Hutchinson, Paul (October 2005). Securing FTP with TLS. IETF. doi:10.17487/RFC4217. RFC 4217. https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4217. Retrieved 2018-03-03.
  11. ↑ Sliwa, Carol (31 May 1999). "Secure Sockets Layer". Computerworld. p. 69. Retrieved 2018-03-01 – via Google Books.
  12. ↑ Hickman, Kipp E. B. (April 1995). The SSL Protocol. IETF. I-D draft-hickman-netscape-ssl-00. https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-hickman-netscape-ssl-00. Retrieved 2018-03-01.
  13. ↑ Berners-Lee, Tim. "The Original HTTP as defined in 1991". W3.org. Retrieved 2018-03-03.
  14. 1 2 3 Iwaya, Akemi (10 November 2015). "Why was 80 Chosen as the Default HTTP Port and 443 as the Default HTTPS Port?". How-To Geek. Retrieved 2018-03-03.
  15. 1 2 Norberg, Arvid (22 June 2009). "uTorrent transport protocol". BitTorrent.org. Retrieved 2018-03-10.
  16. ↑ Klinker, Eric (16 May 2010). "Eric Klinker Presentation at Emerging Communication Conference & Awards 2010 America § Status of uTP". eCommConf. Retrieved 2018-03-10.
  17. ↑ United States patent 7710961, C. Kenneth Miller, Thomas Andresen, Thomas Gardner, Craig Michelson, Kenneth Cates, Marc White, Kary Robertson, "System and method for sending packets over a computer network", issued 20 December 2011, assigned to Darby and Mohaine LLC
  18. ↑ Nash, David (September 1997). ODETTE File Transfer Protocol. IETF. doi:10.17487/RFC2204. RFC 2204. https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2204. Retrieved 2018-02-22.
  19. ↑ Friend, Ieuan (November 2007). ODETTE File Transfer Protocol 2. IETF. doi:10.17487/RFC5024. RFC 5024. https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5024. Retrieved 2018-02-22.
  20. 1 2 He, Eric; Leigh, Jason; Yu, Oliver; DeFanti, Thomas A. (September 2002). "Reliable Blast UDP: Predictable High Performance Bulk Data Transfer" (PDF). Proceedings: IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing, ICCC (January 2002). IEEE Cluster Computing 2002. Chicago. pp. 317–24. ISSN 1552-5244. OCLC 5942572037. Retrieved 2018-03-02.
  21. ↑ McKusick, Marshall Kirk (1999). "Twenty Years of Berkeley Unix: From AT&T-Owned to Freely Redistributable". Open Sources: Voices from the Open Source Revolution. O'Reilly & Associates. Section: "4.2BSD". ISBN 978-1-56592-582-3.
  22. ↑ Ylonen, Tatu (31 August 2017). "SSH: Secure Shell § History of the SSH Protocol". SSH.com. Retrieved 2018-03-03.
  23. ↑ Rescorla, Eric; Schiffman, Allan M. (August 1999). The Secure HyperText Transfer Protocol. IETF. doi:10.17487/RFC2660. RFC 2660. https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2660. Retrieved 2018-03-09.
  24. 1 2 Horlacher, Ulli. "SAFT / sendfile". fex.belwue.de. Retrieved 2018-03-03.
  25. 1 2 Horlacher, Ulli. "sendfile(1)". manpages.org. Retrieved 2018-03-03.
  26. ↑ Lottor (1984), pp. 1, 13
  27. ↑ Ylönen, Tatu (30 September 2012). "Re: where are SFTP v0 - 2 defined?". secsh (Mailing list). Retrieved 9 March 2018. I designed and implemented the original SFTP protocol for SSH 2.0 back around 1997. Sami Lehtinen did further development on it.
    It was originally a proprietary protocol at SSH Communications Security (www.ssh.com), though source code was publicly available. It took a while [sic] before we wrote the draft and brought it to the IETF for standardization (seems to have been January 2001).
  28. ↑ Sollins, Karen R. (January 1980). The TFTP Protocol. IETF. IEN 133. https://tools.ietf.org/rfcmarkup?url=https://www.ietf.org/rfc/ien/ien133.txt. Retrieved 2018-02-24.
  29. ↑ Wagner, Jan. "Tsunami UDP Protocol". tsunami-udp.sourceforge.net. Jon Wagner – via SourceForge.
  30. ↑ "Research". anml.iu.edu. Pervasive Technology Labs at Indiana University. Section: "Tsunami". Archived from the original on 2010-07-29.
  31. 1 2 Bush, Dennis. "Changes". uftp-multicast.sourceforge.net. Dennis Bush. Retrieved 2018-03-09 – via SourceForge.
  32. ↑ "wdt: Releases". GitHub. Retrieved 2018-02-23.
  33. ↑ Villanueva, John Carl (17 February 2015). "Managed File Transfer and Network Solutions". JSCAPE.com. JSCAPE.
  34. ↑ Cohen, Bram (4 February 2017) [2008]. "The BitTorrent Protocol Specification". BitTorrent.org. Section: "Trackers". Retrieved 2018-02-22.
  35. ↑ "Message Stream Encryption". Vuze Wiki. Azureus Software. 1 December 2007 [2006]. Retrieved 2018-03-10.
  36. ↑ "Transfer CFT 3.2.4 Users Guide § Configuring Transfer CFT". Axway.com. Axway Software. Retrieved 2018-02-18.
  37. ↑ "Transfer CFT 3.2.2 Local Administration Guide § Transport Security". Axway.com. Axway Software. Retrieved 2018-02-22.
  38. ↑ Sosinsky, Barrie. "TCP - UDP Port Assignments". Networking Bible. Wiley Publishing. p. 851. ISBN 978-0-470-43131-3. OCLC 471462746 – via Google Books.
  39. ↑ "Printing at PARC—Appendix: Glossary of Terms § EFTP". 4 August 1978. Retrieved 2018-03-03. A simple, PUP-oriented protocol, designed for file transmission from user programs to servers (especially printing servers). The server must acknowledge each packet before the next is sent. This protocol admits to compact implementation in user programs, offset by some redunction in bandwidth.
  40. ↑ Pott, Trevor (1 October 2015). "Aspera high speed file transfer: Let the cloud protocol wars begin". The Register. Retrieved 2018-02-18.
  41. ↑ "FASP Security Model". AsperaSoft.com. Aspera. 2017. Retrieved 2018-02-18.
  42. ↑ Campos, Andrea (2 June 2016). "Resuming file transfers with ascp". AsperaSoft.com. Aspera. Retrieved 2018-03-02.
  43. ↑ Paila, Toni; Walsh, Rod; Luby, Michael; Roca, Vincent; Lehtonen, Rami (November 2012). FLUTE - File Delivery over Unidirectional Transport. IETF. doi:10.17487/RFC3926. RFC 3926. https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3926. Retrieved 2018-03-07.
  44. ↑ Jin, H.; Zhiyi, F.; Yang, Z.; Ruicheng, C.; Lu, Z. (2011). "Test and Evaluation of Flute Protocol Client Program". Information Technology Journal. Asian Network for Scientific Information. 10 (11): 2147–53. doi:10.3923/itj.2011.2147.2153. Retrieved 2018-03-07.
  45. ↑ Peltotalo, Jani; Peltotalo, Sami; Harju, Jarmo. "Analysis of the FLUTE Data Carousel" (PDF). mad.cs.tut.fi. Tampere University of Technology. p. 1. Retrieved 2018-03-09.
  46. ↑ Peltotalo, Jani; Peltotalo, Sami; Harju, Jarmo; Walsh, Rod (June 2007) [2006]. "Performance analysis of a file delivery system based on the FLUTE protocol". International Journal of Communication Systems. 20 (6): 633. doi:10.1002/dac.835.
  47. ↑ "File Service Protocol (FSP) Frequently Asked Questions v1.1". FAQs.org. 19 August 1996. Retrieved 2018-02-18.
  48. ↑ "Common Ports". Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4: Security Guide. Red Hat. 2005. Retrieved 2018-03-02.
  49. ↑ "openFT v11.0: Setting Up a Connection to Customs (Atlas) with openFT FTAM" (PDF). Fujitsu. 2010. p. 2. Retrieved 2018-02-18.
  50. ↑ Postel, Jon; Reynolds, Joyce (October 1985). File Transfer Protocol (FTP). IETF. doi:10.17487/RFC0959. RFC 959. https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc959. Retrieved 2018-02-22.
  51. ↑ Kozierok, Charles M. (20 September 2005). "FTP Overview, History and Standards". The TCP/IP Guide (v3.0 ed.). Retrieved 2018-02-21.
  52. ↑ Bhushan, Abhay (April 1971). A File Transfer Protocol. IETF. doi:10.17487/RFC0114. RFC 114. https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc114. Retrieved 2018-02-22.
  53. ↑ Braden, Robert (October 1989). "FTP Restart Mechanism". Requirements for Internet Hosts—Application and Support. IETF. pp. 36–7. sec. 4.1.3.4. doi:10.17487/RFC1123. RFC 1123. https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1123#page-36. Retrieved 2018-03-13.
  54. ↑ Hethmon, Paul (March 2007). "Restarting in STREAM Mode". Extensions to FTP. IETF. sec. 5.1. doi:10.17487/RFC3659. RFC 3659. https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3659#section-5.1. Retrieved 2018-03-13.
  55. ↑ Rescorla, Eric (May 2000). HTTP Over TLS. IETF. doi:10.17487/RFC2818. RFC 2818. https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2818. Retrieved 2018-02-20.
  56. ↑ Reynolds, Joyce; Postel, Jon (October 1994). Assigned Numbers. IETF. p. 34. doi:10.17487/RFC1700. RFC 1700. https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1700#page-34. Retrieved 2018-03-03.
  57. ↑ "The Incredible HULFT – My Favorite B2B Network Protocol". OpenText Blogs. OpenText. 27 August 2009. Retrieved 2018-02-18.
  58. ↑ "9.4.1. HULFT § Overview". Enterprise Cloud Knowledge Center. NTT Communications. Retrieved 2018-03-02.
  59. ↑ "9.4.1. HULFT § HULFT 8 Cipher Option". Enterprise Cloud Knowledge Center. NTT Communications. Retrieved 2018-02-18.
  60. ↑ "導入サービス". HULFT.com (in Japanese). Saison Information Systems. Section: "前提事項、その他". Retrieved 2018-02-21.
  61. ↑ Reynolds, Joyce; Postel, Jon (July 1992). Assigned Numbers. IETF. p. 12. doi:10.17487/RFC1340. RFC 1340. https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1340#page-12. Retrieved 2018-03-03.
  62. ↑ Adamson, Brian; Macker, Joe. "Multicast Dissemination Protocol (MDP) Developer's Guide". nrl.navy.mil. United States Naval Research Laboratory. Retrieved 2018-02-22.
  63. ↑ "Multicast Dissemination Protocol History". nrl.navy.mil. United States Naval Research Laboratory. Retrieved 2018-02-22.
  64. ↑ Miller, Kenneth; Robertson, Kary; Tweedly, Alex; White, Marc (April 1998). "IANA Assigned UDP Port". StarBurst Multicast File Transfer Protocol (MFTP) Specification. IETF. p. 10. I-D miller-mftp-spec-03. https://tools.ietf.org/html/miller-mftp-spec-03#page-10. Retrieved 2018-02-18.
  65. ↑ "StarBurst MFTP™ Compared to Today's File Transfer Protocols: A White Paper". StarBurst Communications. 1996 – via University of California, Irvine.
  66. ↑ "NACK-Oriented Reliable Multicast (NORM)". nrl.navy.mil. United States Naval Research Laboratory. Retrieved 2018-02-22.
  67. ↑ Adamson, Brian; Bormann, Carsten; Handley, Mark; Macker, Joe (November 2009). NACK-Oriented Reliable Multicast (NORM) Transport Protocol. IETF. doi:10.17487/RFC5740. RFC 5740. https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5740. Retrieved 2018-02-22.
  68. ↑ Nash, David (September 1997). ODETTE File Transfer Protocol. IETF. doi:10.17487/RFC2204. RFC 2204. https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2204. Retrieved 2018-02-22.
  69. ↑ Friend, Ieuan (November 2007). ODETTE File Transfer Protocol 2. IETF. doi:10.17487/RFC5024. RFC 5024. https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5024. Retrieved 2018-02-22.
  70. ↑ Li, Jie; Veeraraghavan, Malathi (2012). A Reliable Message Multicast Transport Protocol for Virtual Circuits (PDF). 4th International Conference on Communications, Mobility, and Computing (CMC 2012). p. 120. Retrieved 2018-03-02.
  71. ↑ RBUDP on GitHub
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  73. ↑ Rescorla, Eric; Schiffman, Allan M. (August 1999). The Secure HyperText Transfer Protocol. IETF. doi:10.17487/RFC2660. RFC 2660. https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2660. Retrieved 2018-02-20.
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References

  • da Cruz, Frank (1987). Kermit: A File Transfer Protocol. Bedford: Digital Press. ISBN 0-932376-88-6. OCLC 751527576 – via Google Books.
  • Glass, Brett (30 May 1988). "Xmodem Popular for Its Simplicity, Public Domain Status". InfoWorld – via Google Books.
  • Lottor, Mark K. (September 1984). Simple File Transfer Protocol. IETF. doi:10.17487/RFC0913. RFC 913. https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc913. Retrieved 2018-03-01. 

Further reading

  • de Goyeneche, Juan-Mariano (20 March 1998). "Multicast Transport Protocols". Multicast over TCP/IP HOWTO – via The Linux Documentation Project.
  • He, Eric; Kettimuthu, Rajkumar; Gu, Yunhong; et al., "Reliable UDP Variants", Survey of Protocols and Mechanisms for Enhanced Transport over LONG FAT PIPES (PDF), pp. 6–11
  • Kaplan, Ali (2009). "Literature Survey". Collaborative Framework for High-Performance P2P-based Data Transfer in Scientific Computing (DOCX) (Ph.D. thesis). Indiana University Bloomington. pp. 12–39. ISBN 978-1-109-50327-2. OCLC 648765323.
  • Kientzle, Tim (1995). The Working Programmer's Guide to Serial Protocols. Coriolis Group Books. ISBN 1-883577-20-9. OCLC 441637109.
  • "Kermit FAQ". KermitProject.org. The Kermit Project.
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