List of aboriginal ethnic groups in Taiwan

Families of Formosan languages before Chinese colonization, per Blust (1999). Malayo-Polynesian (red) may lie within Eastern Formosan (purple). Note that the white section in the northwest of the country does not indicate a complete absence of aboriginal people from that part of Taiwan.
Young residents in the Bunun village of Lona, Taiwan dress up for the traditional Christmas holiday (not an official holiday in Taiwan).

Traditionally, the Taiwanese indigenous peoples are usually classified into two groups by their places of residence. Languages and cultures of aboriginal tribes were recorded by the government of Dutch Formosa, Spanish Formosa and the Qing Empire.

NameChineseTaiwaneseHakkaJapanese (1935–1945)
Mountains indigenous peoples高山族Ko-soaⁿ-cho̍kKô-sân-chhu̍k高砂族（たかさごぞく, Takasago-zoku）
Plains indigenous peoples平埔族Pêⁿ-po͘-cho̍kPhìn-phû-chhu̍k平埔族（へいほぞく, Heiho-zoku）

Researches on ethnic groups of Taiwanese indigenous peoples started in late 19th century, when Taiwan was under Japanese rule. The Government of Taiwan (臺灣總督府, Taiwan Sōtokufu) conducted large amount of researches and further distinguished the ethnic groups of Taiwanese indigenous peoples by linguistics (see Formosan languages). After the research, the household registration records remarks of "mountains/plains indigenous peoples". The governmental statistics also listed 9 recognized subgroups under mountains indigenous peoples. However, after World War II, the government refused to recognize the plains indigenous peoples.

The following is a list of classifications through Japanese and post World War II. Note that the Japanese names in parentheses does not exist in pre-World War II Japanese demographic researches.

Mountains indigenous peoples

The Taiwanese government officially recognises 16 ethnic groups of mountains indigenous peoples.

NameFormosan
native name		 Chinese
(after 1945)		Japanese
(before 1945)		Notes
AmisPangcah, 'Amis阿美族アミ族Recognized since Japanese era
AtayalTayal, Tayan泰雅族タイヤル族Recognized since Japanese era
BununBunun布農族ブヌン族、ヴォヌム族Recognized since Japanese era
KanakanavuKanakanavu卡那卡那富族カナカナブ族Classified as Tsou, recognized since 2014
KavalanKebalan, Kbaran噶瑪蘭族カバラン族Classified as Amis, recognized since 2002
PaiwanPayuan排灣族パイワン族Recognized since Japanese era
PuyumaPinuyumayan卑南族プユマ族Recognized since Japanese era
RukaiDrekay魯凱族ルカイ族、ツァリセン族Recognized since Japanese era
SaaroaHla'alua拉阿魯哇族サアロア族Classified as Tsou, recognized since 2014
SaisiyatSay-Siyat賽夏族、獅設族サイシャット族Recognized since Japanese era
SakizayaSakizaya撒奇萊雅族（サキザヤ族）Classified as Amis, recognized since 2007
SeediqSeediq賽德克族セデック族Classified as Atayal, recognized since 2008
TarokoTruku太魯閣族（タロコ族）Classified as Atayal, recognized since 2004
ThaoThao, Ngan邵族サオ族Classified as Tsou, recognized since 2001
TsouCou鄒族、曹族ツォウ族、新高族Recognized since Japanese era
YamiTao達悟族、雅美族ヤミ族Recognized since Japanese era

Kavalan and Thao are disputed to be part of mountains or plains indigenous peoples.

Plains indigenous peoples

Cultures of the plains indigenous peoples have undergone heavy Sinicization. This increases the difficulty in identifying ethnic groups.

NameFormosan
native name		 Chinese
(after 1945)		Japanese
(before 1945)		Notes
ArikunArikun阿立昆族アリクン族Sometimes classified as Hoanya
BabuzaBabuza, Poavasa貓霧拺族、巴布薩族バブザ族
BasayBasay, Basai巴賽族、馬塞族（バサイ族）Sometimes classified as Ketagalan
HoanyaHoanya洪雅族、和安雅族ホアニヤ族Sometimes split into Lloa and Arikun
KaxabuKaxabu, Kahapu噶哈巫族（カハブ族）Sometimes classified as Pazeh. In revitalization.
KetagalanKetagalan凱達格蘭族ケタガラン族
KulonKulon龜崙族（クーロン族）
LloaLloa羅亞族ロッア族Sometimes classified Hoanya
LuilangLuilang雷朗族ルイラン族Sometimes classified as Ketagalan
MakataoMakatao, Tao馬卡道族マカット族、タッオ族Sometimes classified as Siraya. Recognized in Pingtung. In revitalization.
PaporaPapora, Vupuran拍瀑拉族、巴布拉族パポラ族
PazehPazéh, Pazih巴宰族、巴則海族パゼッヘ族In revitalization.
QauqautQauqaut猴猴族カウカット族
SirayaSiraya西拉雅族、希萊耶族シラヤ族Recognized in Tainan and Fuli. In revitalization.
TaivoanTaivoan, Taivuan大武壠族、大滿族（タイボアン族）Sometimes classified as Siraya. Recognized in Fuli. In revitalization.
TaokasTaokas道卡斯族、斗葛族、大甲族タオカス族In revitalization.

References

See also

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