List of World Heritage sites in Japan

Japan accepted the UNESCO World Heritage Convention on 30 June 1992.[1] As of July 2018, twenty-two properties have been inscribed on the World Heritage List: seventeen cultural sites and four natural sites.[1] A further eight sites and one site extension have been submitted for future inscription and are currently on the Tentative List as of 2017.[1]

World Heritage sites

Name Image Location UNESCO data Area: Monuments
Buddhist Monuments in the Hōryū-ji AreaNara Prefecture660 (1993) i, ii, iv, vi586 ha; (570.7 ha)Hōryū-ji, Hokki-ji
Himeji-jōHyōgo Prefecture661 (1993) i, iv107 ha; (143 ha)Himeji Castle
YakushimaKagoshima Prefecture662 (1993) vii, ix10,747 haNatural Site: warm temperate ancient forest
Shirakami-SanchiAomori/Akita Prefecture663 (1993) ix16,939 haNatural Site: Siebold's beech forest, mountains
Historic Monuments of Ancient KyotoKyoto/Shiga Prefecture688 (1994) ii, iv1056 ha; (3,579 ha)Kamigamo Jinja, Shimogamo Jinja, Tō-ji, Kiyomizu-dera, Enryaku-ji, Daigo-ji, Ninna-ji, Byōdō-in, Ujigami Jinja, Kōzan-ji, Saihō-ji, Tenryū-ji, Kinkaku-ji, Ginkaku-ji, Ryōan-ji, Nishi Hongan-ji, Nijō-jō
Historic Villages of Shirakawa-gō and GokayamaGifu/Toyama Prefecture734 (1995) iv, v68 ha; (58,873 ha)Shirakawa-go, Gokayama
Hiroshima Peace Memorial (Genbaku Dome)Hiroshima Prefecture775 (1996) vi0.4 ha; (43 ha)Atomic bomb Dome
Itsukushima ShrineHiroshima Prefecture776 (1996) i, ii, iv, vi431 ha; (2,634 ha)Itsukushima Jinja
Historic Monuments of Ancient NaraNara Prefecture870 (1998) ii, iii, iv, vi617 ha; (2,502 ha)Tōdai-ji, Kōfuku-ji, Kasuga Taisha, Gangō-ji, Yakushi-ji, Tōshōdai-ji, Heijō Palace, Kasugayama Primeval Forest
Shrines and Temples of NikkōTochigi Prefecture913 (1999) i, iv, vi51 ha; (373 ha)Futarasan Jinja, Rinnō-ji, Nikkō Tōshō-gū
Gusuku Sites and Related Properties of the Kingdom of RyukyuOkinawa Prefecture972 (2000) ii, iii, vi55 ha; (560 ha)Tamaudun, Sonohyan-utaki Ishimon, Nakijin Castle, Zakimi Castle, Katsuren Castle, Nakagusuku Castle, Shuri Castle, Shikinaen, Seifa-utaki
Sacred Sites and Pilgrimage Routes in the Kii Mountain RangeWakayama/Nara/Mie Prefecture1142 (2004) ii, iii, iv, vi495 ha; (1,137 ha)Seiganto-ji, Kumano Hayatama Taisha, Kongōbu-ji, Niukanshōfu Jinja, Kumano Hongū Taisha, Niutsuhime Jinja, Mount Yoshino, Ōminesan-ji, Kōyasan chōishi-michi, Jison-in, Yoshino Mikumari Jinja, Kinbu Jinja, Kimpusen-ji, Yoshimizu Jinja, Kumano Nachi Taisha, Nachi Falls, Nachi primaeval forest, Fudarakusan-ji, Kumano Kodō
ShiretokoHokkaidō1193 (2005) ix, x71,100 haNatural Site: peninsula and marine area
Iwami Ginzan Silver Mine and its Cultural LandscapeShimane Prefecture1246 (2010) ii, iii, v529 ha; (3,134 ha)Yunotsu, Iwami Ginzan Kaidō Yunotsu-Okidomaridō, Site of Daikansho, Okidomari, Ginzan Sakunouchi, Site of Yataki-jō, Ōmori Ginzan, Miya-no-mae, Iwami Ginzan Kaidō Tomogauradō, Site of Yahazu-jō, Site of Iwami-jō, Kumagaika residence, Rakan-ji Gohyakurakan, Tomogaura
Hiraizumi – Temples, Gardens and Archaeological Sites Representing the Buddhist Pure LandIwate Prefecture1277 (2011) ii, vi187 ha; (5,998 ha)Chūson-ji, Mōtsū-ji, Kanjizaiō-in, Muryōkō-in, Kinkeizan
Ogasawara IslandsTokyo1362 (2011) ix7,939 haNatural Site: Chichi-jima, Haha-jima, Muko-jima, Iwo-jima
Fujisan, sacred place and source of artistic inspirationShizuoka/Yamanashi Prefecture1418 (2013) ⅲ, ⅵ20,638 ha; (49,376 ha)Mount Fuji, Fuji Five Lakes, Fujisan Hongū Sengen Shrine, Kitaguchi Hongū Fuji Sengen Shrine, Yamamiya Sengen Shrine, Murayama Sengen Shrine, Suyama Sengen Shrine, Higashiguchi Hongū Fuji Sengen Shrine, Kawaguchi Sengen Shrine, Fuji Omuro Sengen Shrine, Oshino Hakkai, Miho no Matsubara
Tomioka Silk Mill and Related SitesGunma Prefecture1149 (2014) ii, iv7.20 ha; (415 ha)Tomioka Silk Mill
Sites of Japan’s Meiji Industrial Revolution: Iron and Steel, Shipbuilding and Coal MiningKyūshū, and Yamaguchi, Shizuoka and Iwate prefectures1484 (2015) ii, iii, iv307 ha; (2,408 ha)Hashima Coal Mine, Former Glover House, Shūseikan, Miike Coal Mine, Yawata Steel Works, Mutsurejima Lighthouse, Hagi reverberatory furnace, Shōkasonjuku Academy, Hagi castle town
The Architectural Work of Le Corbusier, an Outstanding Contribution to the Modern MovementTokyo1321 (2016) i, ii, vi0.93 ha; (116.17 ha)National Museum of Western Art
Sacred Island of Okinoshima and Associated Sites in the Munakata RegionFukuoka Prefecture1535 (2017) ii, iiiOkinoshima, Munakata Taisha
Hidden Christian Sites in the Nagasaki RegionNagasaki Prefecture and Kumamoto Prefecture1495 (2018) iii5,566.55 ha (12,252.52 ha)Ōura Cathedral, Hara Castle, Hirado Island

Tentative list

The Tentative List consists of sites previously nominated, but not yet inscribed.

Name Image Location UNESCO data Monuments (incomplete listing)
Temples, Shrines and other structures of Ancient KamakuraKanagawa Prefecture370 (1992) iii, ivTsurugaoka Hachiman-gū, Jufuku-ji, Kenchō-ji, Zuisen-ji, Kōtoku-in, Kakuon-ji, Ruins of Buppō-ji, Ruins of Yōfuku-ji, Ruins of the Hokkedō, Ruins of the Hōjō Tokiwa Residence, Kamegayatsuzaka Pass, Kehaizaka Pass, Daibutsu Pass, Gokuraku-ji, Engaku-ji, Egara Tenjin Shrine, Jōkōmyō-ji, Asaina Pass, Ruins of Tōshō-ji, Nagoshi Pass, Shōmyō-ji, Wakae Island
Hikone-jōShiga Prefecture374 (1992) i, ii, iii, ivHikone Castle
Asuka-Fujiwara: Archaeological Sites of Japan's Ancient Capitals and Related PropertiesNara Prefecture5097 (2007) ii, iii, iv, v, viIshibutai Kofun, Takamatsuzuka Tomb, Kitora Tomb, Kawara-dera, Asuka-dera, Oka-dera, Yamada-dera, Fujiwara-kyō, Yamato Sanzan
Jōmon Archaeological Sites in Hokkaidō, Northern Tōhoku, and other regionsHokkaidō, Aomori/Iwate/Akita Prefecture5398 (2009) iii, ivSannai-Maruyama site, Ōdai Yamamoto I site
Mozu-Furuichi Kofungun, Ancient Tumulus ClustersOsaka Prefecture5570 (2010) ii, iii, ivMozu kofungun, Furuichi kofungun
The Sado complex of heritage mines, primarily gold minesNiigata Prefecture5572 (2010) ii, iii, ivSado mines
Hiraizumi - Temples, Gardens and Archaeological Sites Representing the Buddhist Pure Land (extension)Iwate Prefecture5760 (2012) ii, iii, viShirotori-tate Site, Takkoku-no-Iwaya, Yanagi-no-Gosho Site, Chojagahara Haiji Site, Honedera-mura Shoen Site
Amami Ōshima Island, Tokunoshima Island, the northern part of Okinawa Island and Iriomote IslandKagoshima Prefecture Okinawa Prefecture6160 (2016) ix, xTokunoshima Island, Amami Ōshima, Iriomote Island

Controversies

As in other countries, several World Heritage sites in Japan have been marked by controversy. The Hashima (Gunkanjima/Battleship Island) former coal mine has been the subject of the most controversy because of the Japanese government's refusal to acknowledge its wartime history of forced labor by Korean and Chinese prisoners. Recent academic research has questioned the Japanese government's compliance with UNESCO regulations and requirements with respect to the Hashima site.[2] In 2005, UNESCO designated Shiretoko a World Heritage Site, advising to develop the property jointly with the Kuril Islands of Russia as a transboundary "World Heritage Peace Park". However, Shiretoko's listing as Natural Heritage was seen by the Indigenous Ainu as contradicting the long history of Ainu settlement in the park area.[3].Controversies over the Hidden Christian Sites in the Nagasaki Region have also been widely discussed.[4] After two professors at the Mt. Fuji World Heritage Centre, Shizuoka were controversially forced to quit their jobs due to academic and racial harassment by officials of Shizuoka prefecture government in March 2018, comments on social media called for the cancellation of Mt. Fuji's World Heritage inscription.[5]

Performance of Japan in UNESCO

UNESCO ListExclusive Entries of JapanShared/Multinational Entries Involving JapanTotal
UNESCO World Network of Biosphere Reserves99
UNESCO World Heritage List20121
UNESCO Memory of the World Register527
UNESCO Global Geoparks Network88
UNESCO Creative Cities Network88
UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists2121

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 "Japan". UNESCO. Retrieved 2017-05-08.
  2. https://apjjf.org/2018/01/Palmer.html
  3. M. Hudson, M. Aoyama, “Occupational apartheid and national parks: the Shiretoko world heritage site,” in F. Kronenberg, N. Pollard, D. Sakellariou, eds. Occupational Therapies Without Borders: Towards an Ecology of Occupation Based Practices (Edinburgh: Elsevier), pp. 247-255
  4. http://www.drustvo-antropologov.si/AN/PDF/2017_3/Anthropological_Notebooks_XIII_3_Delakorda.pdf
  5. 「富士山世界遺産センター、2教授退職しピンチ」[Mt. Fuji World Heritage Centre in trouble after 2 Professors quit]『読売新聞』Yomiuri Newspaper 朝刊2018年4月3日 [April 3, 2018]


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