HOMO/LUMO

Diagram of the HOMO and LUMO of a molecule. Each circle represents an electron in an orbital; when light of a high enough frequency is absorbed by an electron in the HOMO, it jumps to the LUMO.
3D model of CO2's highest occupied molecular orbital
3D model of CO2's lowest unoccupied molecular orbital

In chemistry, HOMO and LUMO are types of molecular orbitals. The acronyms stand for "highest occupied molecular orbital" and "lowest unoccupied molecular orbital", respectively.

HOMO–LUMO gap

The energy difference between the HOMO and LUMO is termed the HOMO–LUMO gap. HOMO and LUMO are sometimes called frontier orbitals in frontier molecular orbital theory. The difference in energy between these two frontier orbitals can be used to predict the strength and stability of transition metal complexes, as well as the colors they produce in solution.[1]

Semiconductors

The HOMO level is to organic semiconductors roughly what the valence band maximum is to inorganic semiconductors and quantum dots. The same analogy can be made between the LUMO level and the conduction band minimum.[2]

Organometallic chemistry

In organometallic chemistry, the size of the LUMO lobe can help predict where addition to pi ligands will occur.

SOMO

A SOMO is a singly occupied molecular orbital such as half-filled HOMO of a radical.[3] This abbreviation may also be extended to "semi occupied molecular orbital".

See also

References

  1. ↑ Griffith, J.S. and L.E. Orgel. "Ligand Field Theory". Q. Rev. Chem. Soc. 1957, 11, 381-383
  2. ↑ Bredas, J,-L. "Mind the gap!". Mater. Horiz. 2014,1, 17-19
  3. ↑ IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected version:  (2006–) "SOMO".
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