List of geological features on Pluto
This is a list of named geological features on Pluto, identified by scientists working with data from the New Horizons spacecraft. The International Astronomical Union (IAU) has officially approved the first 14 names on 8 August 2017 (announced 7 September 2017), but most of the names listed on this page are still informal.[2][3] The IAU has determined that names will be chosen from the following themes:[4][5]
- Names for the underworld from the world's mythologies.
- Gods, goddesses, and dwarfs associated with the underworld.
- Heroes and other explorers of the underworld.
- Writers associated with Pluto and the Kuiper belt.
- Pioneering space missions and spacecraft.
- Scientists and engineers associated with Pluto and the Kuiper belt.
Cavi
A cavus is a hollow or steep-sided depression. One cavus has been identified on Pluto thus far; it is named after a mythological underworld. The following is a list of unofficial names chosen by the New Horizons team (not all of the names correspond with the themes listed above).[1][4][6] Names that have been officially approved are labeled as such.[3]
| Feature | Named after | Name approved (Date · Ref) |
|---|---|---|
| Adlivun Cavus | Underworld in Inuit myths. | 2017-08-08 · WGPSN |
| Baralku Cavi | Baralku, the island of the dead in Yolngu culture | — |
| Hekla Cavus | An Icelandic volcano believed to be the entrance to Hell in medieval European times. | 2018-05-30 · WGPSN |
| Quidlivun Cavus | The land on the Moon where the souls of the dead find rest in Inuit mythology | — |
Colles
A collis is a low hill. Plutonian colles are being named after spacecraft that operated in Earth orbit. The following is a list of unofficial names chosen by the New Horizons team (not all of the names correspond with the themes listed above).[1][4] Names that have been officially approved are labeled as such.[3]
| Feature | Named after | Name approved (Date · Ref) |
|---|---|---|
| Astrid Colles | The Astrid program, Sweden's first satellites | — |
| Challenger Colles | Honours the loss of the Space Shuttle Challenger | — |
| Coleta de Dados Colles | Satélite de Coleta de Dados, first Brazilian satellite | — |
| Columbia Colles | Honours the loss of the Space Shuttle Columbia | — |
| Soyuz Colles | The Soyuz program; honors the loss of Soyuz 11 | — |
Craters
Plutonian craters are being named after scientists and other people associated with the study of Pluto. The following is a list of unofficial names chosen by the New Horizons team (not all of the names correspond with the themes listed above).[1][4] Names that have been officially approved are labeled as such.[3]
| Feature | Named after | Name approved (Date · Ref) |
|---|---|---|
| Brinton | Henry Brinton, NASA administrator instrumental in Pluto studies | — |
| Burney | Venetia Burney, who proposed the name of Pluto | 2017-08-08 · WGPSN |
| Coradini | Angioletta Coradini, Italian astronomer | — |
| Drake | Michael Julian Drake, British-American astronomer who chaired the committee that approved the New Horizons mission | — |
| Elliot | James L. Elliot, discoverer of Pluto's atmosphere | 2017-08-08 · WGPSN |
| Farinella | Paolo Farinella, Italian astronomer | — |
| Giclas | Henry L. Giclas, an astronomer at Lowell Observatory | — |
| Guest | John Guest,[7] British volcanologist and planetary scientist | — |
| H. Smith | Harlan Smith, astronomer and director of McDonald Observatory | — |
| Harrington | Robert Sutton Harrington, co-discoverer of Charon | — |
| Hollis | Andrew Hollis, British astronomer | — |
| K. Edgeworth | Kenneth Edgeworth, Irish astronomer who posited the Kuiper Belt | — |
| Kowal | Charles T. Kowal, American astronomer who discovered the first centaur | — |
| Oort | Jan Oort, Dutch astronomer who posited the Oort Cloud | — |
| Pulfrich | Carl Pulfrich, German physicist who developed the blink-comparator used to discover Pluto | — |
| Safronov | Viktor Safronov, Russian astronomer | — |
| Simonelli | Damon Simonelli, American astronomer and Pluto geologist | — |
Dorsa
A dorsum is a ridge. Plutonian dorsa are being named after underworlds in mythology. The following is a list of unofficial names chosen by the New Horizons team (not all of the names correspond with the themes listed above).[1][4] Names that have been officially approved are labeled as such.[3]
| Feature | Named after | Name approved (Date · Ref) |
|---|---|---|
| Pandemonium Dorsa | Pandæmonium, the capital of Hell in the poems of John Milton | — |
| Tartarus Dorsa | Tartarus, the pit of hell in Greek mythology | 2017-08-08 · WGPSN |
Fluctūs
A Fluctus is a terrain covered by outflow of liquid. Plutonian fluctūs are being named after travellers to the underworld. The following is a list of unofficial names chosen by the New Horizons team (not all of the names correspond with the themes listed above).[1][4] Names that have been officially approved are labeled as such.[3][6]
| Feature | Named after | Name approved (Date · Ref) |
|---|---|---|
| Dionysus Fluctus | The god Dionysus from Greek mythology, who travels to Hades (the underworld) to bring the playwright Euripides back | — |
| Mpobe Fluctus | Mpobe from Baganda mythology, a hero who willingly enters the underground world | — |
| Pere Porter Fluctus | Pere Porter is the character of a 16th-17th century moral novel who travels to hell | — |
| Xanthias Fluctus | Xanthias from Greek mythology, the slave who joins Dionysus on his travel to the underworld | — |
Fossae
A fossa is a ditch-like feature. Plutonian fossae are being named after figures associated with underworld myths. The following is a list of unofficial names chosen by the New Horizons team (not all of the names correspond with the themes listed above).[1][4] Names that have been officially approved are labeled as such.[3]
| Feature | Named after | Name approved (Date · Ref) |
|---|---|---|
| Beatrice Fossa | Beatrice Portinari, Purgatory to Heaven in The Divine Comedy | — |
| Djanggawul Fossae | Djanggawul, Yolngu creation figures from the Island of the Dead | 2017-08-08 · WGPSN |
| Dumuzi Fossa | Dumuzid, legendary Sumerian king who replaced his wife Inanna in the underworld | — |
| Inanna Fossa | Inanna, Sumerian goddess who descended to the underworld | — |
| Sleipnir Fossae | Sleipnir, the steed Odin rides to the underworld | 2017-08-08 · WGPSN[3] |
| Sun Wukong Fossa | Sun Wukong, the Chinese Monkey King who went to Hell | — |
| Virgil Fossae | Virgil, as Dante's guide through Hell and Purgatory in The Divine Comedy | 2017-08-08 · WGPSN[3] |
Lacūs
A lacus is a "lake" or small plain. The following is a list of unofficial names chosen by the New Horizons team (not all of the names correspond with the themes listed above).[1][4][6] Names that have been officially approved are labeled as such.[3]
| Feature | Named after | Name approved (Date · Ref) |
|---|---|---|
| Alcyonia Lacus | Lerna, also known as the Alcyonian Lake, was an entry to the netherworld in Greek mythology. | — |
Lineae
A linea is an elongated marking. Plutonian lineae are being named after space probes. The following is a list of unofficial names chosen by the New Horizons team (not all of the names correspond with the themes listed above).[1][4] Names that have been officially approved are labeled as such.[3]
| Feature | Named after | Name approved (Date · Ref) |
|---|---|---|
| Chandrayaan Linea | the Chandrayaan program, India's first lunar probes | — |
| Luna Linea | the Luna program, the first spacecraft to visit the Moon | — |
| Yutu Linea | Yutu, the first Chinese lunar rover | — |
Maculae
A macula is a dark spot. Plutonian maculae are being named after underworld creatures from fiction and mythology. The following is a list of unofficial names chosen by the New Horizons team (not all of the names correspond with the themes listed above).[1][4] Names that have been officially approved are labeled as such.[3]
| Feature | Named after | Name approved (Date · Ref) |
|---|---|---|
| Ala Macula | Ala, an Igbo god of the underworld | — |
| Balrog Macula | balrog, an underground demon in the writings of J.R.R. Tolkien | — |
| Cadejo Macula | cadejo, from Central American folklore | — |
| Cthulhu Macula[8] | Cthulhu, an ancient deity in the writings of H.P. Lovecraft | — |
| Hun-Came Macula | One of the two leading Maya death gods from the Popol Vuh | — |
| Krun Macula | Krun, the Mandaean overlord of the underworld | — |
| Meng-p'o Macula | Meng Po, the Chinese goddess of forgetfulness after death | — |
| Morgoth Macula | Morgoth, a figure of evil in the writings of J.R.R. Tolkien | — |
| Vucub-Came Macula | One of the two leading Maya death gods from the Popol Vuh | — |
Montes
A mons is a mountain. Plutonian montes (mountain ranges) are being named after explorers and adventurers. The following is a list of unofficial names chosen by the New Horizons team (not all of the names correspond with the themes listed above).[1][4] Names that have been officially approved are labeled as such.[3]
| Feature | Named after | Name approved (Date · Ref) |
|---|---|---|
| al-Idrisi Montes | Muhammad al-Idrisi, medieval Almoravid explorer | 2017-08-08 · WGPSN |
| Barét Montes (formerly Baré Montes) | Jeanne Baré; first woman to have completed circumnavigation voyage of the globe (1740-1807). | 2018-04-26 · WGPSN |
| Enrique Montes[9] | — | |
| Hillary Montes | Edmund Hillary, first to scale Mount Everest (with Tenzing Norgay) | 2017-08-08 · WGPSN |
| Piccard Mons | Auguste Piccard, conducted measurements of the upper atmosphere using balloons to reach an altitude of 23 kilometers | — |
| Tenzing Montesa | Tenzing Norgay, first to scale Mount Everest (with Edmund Hillary) | 2017-08-08 · WGPSN |
| Wright Mons | Wilbur Wright and Orville Wright, invention of the airplane, first airplane flight [10] | — |
| York Montes[11] | — | |
| Zheng He Montes | Zheng He, medieval Chinese explorer | — |
Paludes
A palus (literally "swamp") is a small plain. Paludes on Pluto are named after historic explorers. The following is a list of unofficial names chosen by the New Horizons team (not all of the names correspond with the themes listed above).[1][4][6] Names that have been officially approved are labeled as such.[3]
| Feature | Named after | Name approved (Date · Ref) |
|---|---|---|
| David-Néel Palus | Alexandra David-Néel, Belgian–French explorer, best known for her 1924 visit to Lhasa, Tibet | — |
| Tinné Paludes | Alexandrine Tinné, Dutch explorer in Africa, the first European woman to attempt to cross the Sahara | — |
Plana
A planum is a plateau or high plain. One (Sputnik Planum) was initially identified on Pluto; but it has since been recognized to be a planitia.
Planitiae
A planitia is a low plain, distinct from plana as they are located on lower terrain. The following is a list of unofficial names chosen by the New Horizons team (not all of the names correspond with the themes listed above).[1][4] Names that have been officially approved are labeled as such.[3]
| Feature | Named after | Name approved (Date · Ref) |
|---|---|---|
| Bird Planitia [12] | Isabella Bird, nineteenth-century English explorer[13] | — |
| Piri Planitia | Piri Reis, the creator of the first map of the new world[14] | — |
| Sputnik Planitia [14] | Sputnik 1, the first satellite to orbit the Earth | 2017-08-08 · WGPSN |
Regiones
A regio is a region geographically distinct from its surroundings. Plutonian regiones are being named after underworld spirits in fiction and mythology, or after scientists associated with the study of Pluto. The following is a list of unofficial names chosen by the New Horizons team (not all of the names correspond with the themes listed above).[1][4] Names that have been officially approved are labeled as such.[3] One such feature, the former Cthulhu Regio, is now considered to be a macula.[15][8]
| Feature | Named after | Name approved (Date · Ref) |
|---|---|---|
| Lowell Regio | Percival Lowell, whose ideas about Planet X inadvertently led to Pluto's discovery | — |
| Tombaugh Regio | Clyde Tombaugh, discoverer of Pluto | 2017-08-08 · WGPSN |
Rupēs
A rupes is an escarpment. Plutonian rupēs are being named after explorers. The following is a list of unofficial names chosen by the New Horizons team (not all of the names correspond with the themes listed above).[1][4] Names that have been officially approved are labeled as such.[3]
| Feature | Named after | Name approved (Date · Ref) |
|---|---|---|
| Cousteau Rupes | Jacques Cousteau, undersea explorer | — |
| Eriksson Rupes | Leif Erikson, first Norse explorer of America | — |
| Piri Rupes | Piri Reis, the creator of the first map of the new world[14] | — |
Terrae
A terra is an extensive landmass. Plutonian terrae are being named after space probes. The following is a list of unofficial names chosen by the New Horizons team (not all of the names correspond with the themes listed above).[1][4] Names that have been officially approved are labeled as such.[3]
| Feature | Named after | Name approved (Date · Ref) |
|---|---|---|
| Hayabusa Terra | Hayabusa, the first spacecraft to return a sample of an asteroid | 2017-08-08 · WGPSN |
| Pioneer Terra | the Pioneer program, the first spacecraft to explore the outer Solar System | — |
| Vega Terra | the Vega program, which dropped probes onto Venus' surface along with the first close flybys to Comet Halley[14] | — |
| Venera Terra | the Venera program, first landers on Venus | — |
| Viking Terra | the Viking program, landers on Mars | — |
| Voyager Terra | the Voyager program, the first probes to Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and interstellar space | 2017-08-08 · WGPSN |
Valles
A vallis is a valley. Plutonian valles are named after historic explorers. The following is a list of unofficial names chosen by the New Horizons team (not all of the names correspond with the themes listed above).[1][4][6] Names that have been officially approved are labeled as such.[3]
| Feature | Named after | Name approved (Date · Ref) |
|---|---|---|
| Heyerdahl Vallis | Thor Heyerdahl, Norwegian adventurer and ethnographer | — |
| Kupe Vallis | Kupe, legendary discoverer of New Zealand | — |
See also
Notes
- a.^ Formerly called Norgay Montes
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Google Docs list of named Plutonian features
- 1 2 "Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature". International Astronomical Union (IAU) Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature (WGPSN). Retrieved 12 August 2018.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 "Pluto Features Given First Official Names". NASA. 2017-09-07.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 "Global Mosaics of Pluto and Charon (unofficially named features)". APL – New Horizons. Retrieved 13 August 2017.
- ↑ "Naming of Astronomical Objects". IAU – International Astronomical Unition. Retrieved 13 August 2017.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Oliver L. White, Jeffrey M. Moore, William B. McKinnon, John R. Spencer, Alan D. Howard, Paul M. Schenk, Ross A. Beyer, Francis Nimmo, Kelsi N. Singer, Orkan M. Umurhan, S. Alan Stern, Kimberly Ennico, Cathy B. Olkin, Harold A. Weaver, Leslie A. Young, Andrew F. Cheng, Tanguy Bertrand, Richard P. Binzel, Alissa M. Earle, Will M. Grundy, Tod R. Lauer, Silvia Protopapa, Stuart J. Robbins, Bernard Schmitt, the New Horizons Science Team (2017). "Geological mapping of Sputnik Planitia on Pluto" (PDF). Icarus. Bibcode:2017Icar..287..261W. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2017.01.011. Retrieved 6 January 2017.
- ↑ https://www.geolsoc.org.uk/About/History/Obituaries-2001-onwards/Obituaries-2012/John-Edward-Guest
- 1 2 Stern, S. A.; Grundy, W.; McKinnon, W. B.; Weaver, H. A.; Young, L. A. "The Pluto System After New Horizons". arXiv:1712.05669 [astro-ph.EP].
- ↑ Moore, Jeffrey M.; et al. (15 January 2018). "Bladed Terrain on Pluto: Possible origins and evolution" (PDF). Icarus. 300: 129–144. Bibcode:2018Icar..300..129M. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2017.08.031. Retrieved 11 November 2017.
- ↑ "Tally Results". Ourpluto.org. Retrieved December 6, 2015.
- ↑ Schenk, P. M.; Beyer, R. A.; McKinnon, W. B.; Moore, J. M.; Spencer, J. R.; White, O. L.; Singer, K.; Nimmo, F.; Thomason, C.; Lauer, T. R.; Robbins, S.; Umurhan, O. M.; Grundy, W. M.; Stern, S. A.; Weaver, H. A.; Young, L. A.; Smith, K. E.; Olkin, C. (2018). "Basins, fractures and volcanoes: Global cartography and topography of Pluto from New Horizons". Icarus. 314: 400–433. Bibcode:2018Icar..314..400S. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2018.06.008.
- ↑ https://www.hou.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2016/pdf/2284.pdf
- ↑ "Public campaign to name the surface features on Pluto and Charon". SETI Institute. Retrieved 2017-09-07.
- 1 2 3 4 "What's eating at Pluto?". NASA. NASA. Retrieved March 11, 2016.
- ↑ Amanda M. Zangari; et al. (November 2015). "New Horizons disk-integrated approach photometry of Pluto and Charon". American Astronomical Society, DPS meeting #47, id.210.01. Bibcode:2015DPS....4721001Z.
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