Koch's triangle

Koch's triangle, named after the German pathologist and cardiologist Walter Karl Koch,[1] is an anatomical area located in the superficial paraseptal endocardium of the right atrium, which its boundaries are the coronary sinus orifice, tendon of Todaro, and septal leaflet of the right atrioventricular valve.[2] It is anatomically significant because the atrioventricular node is located at the apex of the triangle. Also the elements anatomically near to it are the membranous septum and the Eustachian ridge. This triangle ends at the site of the coronary sinus orifice inferiorly and, continuous with the sub-Eustachian pouch. The tendon of Todaro forms the hypotenuse of the triangle and the base is formed by the CSO and the vestibule of the right atrium. Variations in the size of Koch's triangle are common among people with different age and gender.

References

  1. ↑ doi:10.1532/HSF98.20101047, fully available at
  2. ↑ Catheter ablation of cardiac arrhythmias. Huang, Shoei K.,, Miller, John M. (John Michael), 1954- (Third ed.). Philadelphia, PA. pp. Figure 6-6. ISBN 9780323244299. OCLC 892338420.

Further reading

  • Sumitomo, Naokata; Tateno, Shigeru; Nakamura, Yoshihide; Ushinohama, Hiroya; Taniguchi, Kazuo; Ichikawa, Rie; Fukuhara, Junji; Abe, Osamu; Miyashita, Michio; Kanamaru, Hiroshi; Ayusawa, Mamoru; Harada, Kensuke; Mugishima, Hideo (2007). "Clinical Importance of Koch's Triangle Size in Children". Circulation Journal. 71 (12): 1918–21. doi:10.1253/circj.71.1918. PMID 18037746.
  • Francalanci, Paola; Drago, Fabrizio; Agostino, Domenico Antonio; Liso, Gaetano; Giommo, Vincenzo; Boldrini, Renata; Ragonese, Pietro; Bosman, Cesare (1998). "Koch's Triangle in Pediatric Age: Correlation with Extra- and Intracardiac Parameters". Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology. 21 (8): 1576–9. doi:10.1111/j.1540-8159.1998.tb00245.x. PMID 9725156.
  • Inoue, Shin; Becker, Anton E. (1998). "Koch's Triangle Sized Up: Anatomical Landmarks in Perspective of Catheter Ablation Procedures". Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology. 21 (8): 1553–8. doi:10.1111/j.1540-8159.1998.tb00242.x. PMID 9725153.
  • Sánchez-Quintana, Damián; Picazo-Angelín, Beatriz; Cabrera, Alberto; Murillo, Margarita; Cabrera, José Ángel (2010). "Koch's Triangle and the Atrioventricular Node in Ebstein's Anomaly: Implications for Catheter Ablation". Revista Española de Cardiología. 63 (6): 660–7. doi:10.1016/S1885-5857(10)70140-7. PMID 20515623.
  • Anderson, R. H.; Cook, A. C. (2007). "The structure and components of the atrial chambers". Europace. 9 (Suppl 6): vi3–9. doi:10.1093/europace/eum200. PMID 17959691.
  • "Triangle of Koch". University of Minnesota.
  • "Illustration". health-pictures.com.
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