Ishak Bey

Ishak Bey
The grave of Ishak Bey in Skopje
Place of burial Skopje, modern day Macedonia
Allegiance Ottoman Empire
Years of service 15th century
Rank sanjakbey
Battles/wars

Ishak Bey or Ishak-Beg was an Ottoman governor and soldier, the sanjakbey of Üsküb from 1415 to 1439.[1]

Life

According to some sources he was a member of the Bosnian Hranušić family, released slave and adopted son of Pasha Yiğit Bey.[2] That is disputed with opinion that Pasha Yigit Bey was indeed a biological father of Ishak Bey.[3]

Ishak was appointed ruler by Porte at the time of the conquest of Foča, Čajniče, Pljevlja and Nevesinje in today's Bosnia and Herzegovina.

In 1420 Ishak Bey organized an unsuccessful campaign in Bosnia to support Sandalj's struggle against his enemies.[4]

In attempt to relieve Ottoman pressure during the Siege of Thessalonica Venice inspired Gjon Kastrioti to rebel against Ottomans in 1428. After Ottomans captured Thessalonica in April 1430 their forces led by Ishak bey captured most of Gjon's land. He positioned Ottoman garrison in two Gjon's castles and destroyed rest of them. In December 1434 during an Albanian revolt he marched in south-central Albania but was defeated by Gjergj Arianiti. Contemporary sources from the senate of Ragusa mention that many Ottoman soldiers were captured, while Ishak Bey escaped with a small group.[5]

In 1439, when he was returning from his trip to Mecca, he was ordered by the sultan to join forces of Şihabeddin Pasha and besiege Novo Brdo, important fortified mining town of Serbian Despotate. On 6 August 1439 the Ottoman forces under Ishak-Beg defeated forces of Serbian Despotate in a battle fought near Novo Brdo.[6] In November 1443 he commanded one of Ottoman armies during the Battle of Niš which ended with Ottoman defeat.[7]

Sultan appointed Himmetizade Nesuh Bey to be the new ruler of Bosansko Krajište in period between 1439 and 1454 when Isa-Beg Ishaković, Ishak Bey's son and ruler of Skopsko Krajište took over control over Bosansko Krajište also for period 1454—1463. His grandson Gazi Mehmed Bey Ishaković was sanjak-bey of Bosnian Sanjak in period 1484–1485.

He built the Ishak Bey Mosque in Skopje, where his tomb is also located.

Family tree

After Franz Babinger in the Encyclopedia of Islam:[8]

 
 
 
 
Pasha Yiğit Bey
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ishak Bey
 
 
 
 
Turahan Bey
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Isa Bey Isaković
 
Ahmed Bey
 
 
Ömer Bey
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Hasan Bey
 
 
Idris Bey
 

Notes

  1. ^ Adopted by Isak Beg. Isaković was of Slavic origin and member of Pavlović family.

References

  1. ↑ Fine, John Van Antwerp (1994-06-15). The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest. University of Michigan Press. p. 468. ISBN 9780472082605. Retrieved 1 August 2012.
  2. ↑ Mandić, Dominik (1978). Bosna i Hercegovina: povjesno-kritička istraživanja. ZIRAL, Zajednica izdanja ranjeni labud. Retrieved 29 May 2011. Ishak beg, sandžak Skopski 1414-1439, nije bio rođeni sin svoga predšasnika Yigit Paše, skopskoga sandžaka, nego njegov oslobođeni rob i posinak. Na osnovu nekih izjava Isa bega, sina Ishak begova, Ć. Truhelka postavio je tezu da je Ishak beg bio rodom Hranušić
  3. ↑ Houtsma, Martijn Theodoor (1993), Encyclopaedia of Islam, VIII, Netherlands: E.J. Brill and Luzac and Co., pp. 877, 878, 1053, his epithet there Hranušić is unnecessary slavisation ... It is therefore evident that Ishak Beg and Turakhan Beg were sons of Pasha Yigit Beg, i.e. were brothers.
  4. ↑ M. Bešić, Zarij (1970), Istorija Crne Gore / 2. Crna gora u doba oblasnih gospodara. (in Serbian), Titograd: Redakcija za istoiju Crne Gore, p. 123, OCLC 175122851, Већ сљедеће године кренуо је скопски намјесник Исхак у Босну да сатре Сандаљеве противнике, које је подржавао босански краљ.Ништа он није ни могао предузети против Сандаљевог пасторкаи вјерног султановог харачара Балше III.
  5. ↑ Anamali, Skënder; Korkuti, Muzafer; Islami, Selim; Frano Prendi; Edi Shukriu (2002). Kristaq Prifti, Muzafer Korkuti, ed. Historia e popullit shqiptar. Botimet Toena. p. 337. Retrieved 31 July 2012.
  6. ↑ Jefferson, John (17 August 2012). The Holy Wars of King Wladislas and Sultan Murad: The Ottoman-Christian Conflict from 1438-1444. BRILL. p. 165. ISBN 90-04-21904-8.
  7. ↑ Babinger, Franz (1992), Mehmed the Conqueror and His Time, Princeton University Press, p. 25, ISBN 978-0-691-01078-6, The combined host met Ottoman forces first on November 3, 1443, between the castle of Bolvan (near Aleksinac) and the city of Niš. Here Kasim Bey, then governor of Rumelia, Ishak Bey and other standard bearers were defeated.
  8. ↑ Babinger, Franz (1987) [1936]. "Turakhān Beg". In Houtsma, Martijn Theodoor. E.J. Brill's first encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913–1936, Volume VIII. Leiden: BRILL. pp. 876–878. ISBN 90-04-09794-5.
Preceded by
Pasha Yiğit Bey		 Ottoman governor of the Üsküb frontier
1415–1439		 Succeeded by
Himmetizade Nesuh Bey


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