Sledge hockey

A Para ice hockey player handling the puck.
Canada vs USA at the 2015 World Sledge Hockey Challenge

Sledge hockey, called Para ice hockey by the International Paralympic Committee, also known as ice sledge hockey (or, in the United States, sled hockey), is a sport that was designed to allow participants who have a physical disability to play the game of ice hockey. Para ice hockey was invented in the early 1960s in Stockholm, Sweden, at a rehabilitation centre. It is currently one of the most popular sports in the Winter Paralympic Games.[1]

History

Two men from Sweden designed the sled for Para ice hockey in the 1960s because they wanted to continue to play hockey despite their physical disabilities. Their design included two skate blades on a metal frame that allowed the puck to pass underneath. They completed the ensemble by including two round poles with bike handles for sticks. Although there are many restrictions to the measurements and weight of the sleds used in the Paralympic Games, the basic design of modern sleds remains true to the original 1960s prototypes.

Despite the initial lack of interest and awareness in the few years after the invention of sled hockey, competition between sled hockey teams started up in 1971 that included five teams in Europe. In 1981, Great Britain established their first sledge hockey team, and that was shortly followed by Canada in 1982. It was not until 1990 that the United States developed their first ice sled hockey team. Sled hockey continued to expand when Estonia and Japan developed their teams in 1993. International ice sled hockey became an official event in 1994 for the beginning of the Paralympic Games in Lillehammer, Norway, with Sweden claiming the first gold medal for ice sled hockey competition. In 1998 the following Paralympic Games in Nagano, Japan, Norway won the gold medal as Canada and Sweden took the silver and bronze respectively. For the 2002 Paralympic Games in Salt Lake City, Utah, USA, the gold medal belonged to the United States with Norway and Sweden finishing second and third. The 2006 Paralympic Games in Torino, Italy, saw the gold medal go to Canada, silver to Norway, and bronze to the United States. In the 2010 Winter Paralympics in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, it was the first time the tournament was competed by mixed teams; teams were permitted to have female athletes on their rosters, previously having been only competed by men.[2]

Rules

Essentially all of the regular ice hockey rules in stand-up ice hockey leagues apply to Para ice hockey. The differences are those necessitated by the ice sled and the athlete. The first set of international rules was created in 1990 and was drafted from Canadian rules. The only rule unique to Para ice hockey is Teeing-charging an opponent using any part of the front radius of the sled.[3]

The entrance ways to the players’ benches and penalty benches from the ice are built flush with the playing ice so the players can access them without the help of a coach or non-disabled person. Additionally, the surface area inside the players’ benches and penalty benches are made of smooth plastic or ice, to avoid damage to the players’ sledges.

All players are required to have their Para ice hockey equipment follow the standard that has been set by HECC (the Hockey Equipment Certification Council Inc.[4]), including their sleds, sticks, helmet, skates (if applicable), and other protective gear. The sticks for Para ice hockey players have a blade curved at one end in a manner similar to regular ice hockey, and generally six to eight metal teeth at the opposite end of the blade for maneuvering and propulsion. Movement is achieved by using the metal teeth as a means to grip the ice and push oneself forward. The metal teeth cannot be too pointy nor protrude farther than 1 cm beyond the stick, to prevent damage to the ice or injury of other players.

Carbon fiber Para ice hockey sticks

Game duration is three 15-minute periods, with sudden-death periods of 5 (round robin), 10 (elimination/bronze medal games) or 15 minutes (gold medal game) to settle ties after regulation. There is a 15-minute interval and teams swap ends after every period. The shootout procedure is the same as in IIHF ice hockey, best out of 3 or 5 rounds plus extra rounds as needed if the overtime goes scoreless.

See also

References

  • Canadian National Men’s Sledge Hockey Team. (2004). Canadian success in sledge hockey. Retrieved January 27, 2006, from
  • Canadian Paralympic Committee. (2006). Torino 2006. Retrieved January 16, 2006, from
  • Hockey Alberta. (2004). Sledge hockey tournaments. Retrieved January 16, 2006, from
  • International Paralympic Committee. (2006). Ice sledge hockey. Retrieved January 16, 2006, from
  • International Paralympic Ice Hockey Rulebook. (2005). International Paralympic Committee. Retrieved January 17, 2006, from
  • International Wheelchair Basketball Federation. (2003). Promoting excellence and developing opportunities. Retrieved January 16, 2006, from
  • It’s The Real Deal. (2005). Paralympic schools program. Retrieved January 16, 2006, from
  • Paralympic Sports Association. (2004). Sledge hockey. Retrieved January 17, 2006, from
  • Salt Lake 2002 Paralympics. (2002). Historical records. Retrieved January 16, 2006, from
  • Spokes n’ Motion (2006). Retrieved January 16, 2006, from
  • CanWin Sports(2006). Retrieved November 20, 2006, from
  • Paralympics GB (2009). Retrieved December 23, 2009, from
  • http://usawarriorshockey.org/?p=432
  • http://video.capitals.nhl.com/videocenter/console?id=186113

Citations

  1. ↑ "Paralympics unhappy with CTV's plan". Toronto. Archived from the original on March 17, 2010. <sports it acts as International Federation for |publisher=International Paralympic Committee |date=30 November 2016 |accessdate=13 December 2016}}
  2. ↑ "Sledge hockey teams can add women for 2010 Games". CTVOlympics.ca. 2009-04-03. Retrieved 2010-02-22.
  3. ↑ NOWAYOUT10199 (14 January 2009). "Usa hockey Sled Sledge Hockey Rules for Referee's Part 2 of 2" – via YouTube.
  4. ↑ "Hockey Equipment Certification Council Inc". hecc.net. 2010-04-01. Retrieved 2010-04-01.
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