Wiśniowiecki

Wiśniowiecki
Country Poland
Ethnicity Polish, Ruthenian
Founded 15th century
Free election, 1669
Current head Extinct
Final ruler Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki (King Michael I)
Titles King of Poland
Grand Duke of Lithuania
Grand Duke of Ruthenia
Grand Duke of Prussia
Grand Duke of Masovia
Grand Duke of Samogitia
Grand Duke of Livonia
Grand Duke of Smolensk
Grand Duke of Kiev
Grand Duke of Volhynia
Grand Duke of Podolia
Grand Duke of Podlasie
Grand Duke of Severia
Grand Duke of Chernihiv
King Michael I
Jeremi Wiśniowiecki

Wiśniowiecki (Ukrainian: Вишневе́цькі, Vyshnevetski; Lithuanian: Višnioveckiai) was a Polish princely family of Ruthenian-Lithuanian origin, notable in the history of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. They were powerful magnates with estates predominantly in Ruthenian lands of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland, and they used the Polish coat of arms of Korybut.

The family is a cadet branch of House of Zbaraski.

History

The family tradition would trace their descent to the Gediminids, but modern historians believe there is more evidence for them to have descended from the Rurikids.[1] According to the Gediminids relation theory, the ancestor of the family was Duke Kaributas (Ruthenian: Dymitr Korybut),[2] a son of the Grand Duke of Lithuania, Algirdas. Kaributas was stripped of the Duchy of Severia and transferred to Volhynia and Podolia where he was given to govern cities of Vinnytsia and Kremenets, while Zbarazh as a private estate.[2] At first Zbarazh was inherited by Ivan, but in 1434 it was passed on to the second son of Korybut Fedor of Nieśwież.[2] The latter became a progenitor of such princely families like Porycki, Woronecki, Zbarazski.[2] In the 15th century Wiśniowiecki family split away from House of Zbaraski.[2]

The family place was city of Wiśniowiec (now Vyshnivets).[1][2] At first Wiśniowiecki estates were located predominately in Volhynia, but since 1580s also included on the left-bank Ukraine in a region around Lubny, Romny, others that in the past belonged to the princes Glinski and Daumantas.[2]

From their days as Ruthenian nobility, they held the title of Kniaz (prince). By the late 16th century, the family converted from Orthodox to Catholicism and became Polonized.[1] They gained much importance in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, with vast possessions in the 16th to 18th centuries on the territories of today's Ukraine, particularly the town of Vyshnivets (Wiśniowiec). Their estates were so vast and their position so powerful that they were known as the most powerful of magnates – the "little kings" ("królewięta"). Their ancestral seat was the Vyshnivets Castle.

The family's golden age was the 17th century, when its members accumulated much wealth and influence, held numerous important posts within the Commonwealth.[1] Likely the most notable members of this family were Michael I, king of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1669 to 1673,[1] and his father Jeremi Wiśniowiecki.

Coat of arms

The coat of arms of the House of Wiśniowiecki was the Korybut coat of arms.

Notable family members

Possessions of Wiśniowiecki family are marked in red

Estates

See also

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 Jerzy Jan Lerski; Piotr Wróbel; Richard J. Kozicki (1996). Historical Dictionary of Poland, 966-1945. Greenwood Publishing. p. 654. ISBN 978-0-313-26007-0.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Mytsyk, Yu. Vyshnevetski. Encyclopedia of History of Ukraine.
  3. ↑ http://www.wilanow-palac.pl/kniaziowie_wisniowieccy.html
  • Lubomyr Wynar. Wiśniowiecki in the Encyclopedia of Ukraine, vol. 5 (1993).
  • (in Polish) Herb i rodowód Wiśniowieckich.
  • Marek, Miroslav. "Genealogy of Wiśniowiecki-Zbaraski family" (in Polish). Genealogy.EU.
  • (in Ukrainian) Pictures of Wiśniowiec castle.
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