Gross substitutes

The term gross substitutes is used in two slightly different meanings:

In microeconomics, two commodities $X$ and $Y$ are called gross substitutes, if ${\frac {\Delta {\text{demand}}(X)}{\Delta {\text{price}}(Y)}}>0$ . I.e., an increase in the price of one commodity causes people to want strictly more of the other commodity, since the commodities can substitute each other (bus and taxi are a common example).
In auction theory and competitive equilibrium theory, a valuation function is said to have the gross substitutes (GS) property if for all pairs of commodities: ${\frac {\Delta {\text{demand}}(X)}{\Delta {\text{price}}(Y)}}\geq 0$ . I.e., the definition includes both substitute goods and independent goods, and only rules out complementary goods. See Gross substitutes (indivisible items).

References

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