Tor putitora

Tor putitora
Juvenile, about 35 cm (14 in) long
adult, India
Scientific classification
Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Chordata
Class:Actinopterygii
Order:Cypriniformes
Family:Cyprinidae
Genus:Tor
Species: T. putitora
Binomial name
Tor putitora
(F. Hamilton, 1822)
Synonyms
  • Cyprinus putitora Hamilton, 1822
  • Barbus putitora (Hamilton, 1822)
  • Cyprinus mosal Hamilton, 1822
  • Barbus mosal (Hamilton, 1822)
  • Tor mosal (Hamilton, 1822)
  • Barbus progeneius McClelland, 1839
  • Tor progeneius (McClelland, 1839)
  • Barbus macrocephalus McClelland, 1839

Tor putitora, the Putitor mahseer, Himalayan mahseer, or golden mahseer, is an endangered species of cyprinid fish that is found in rapid streams, riverine pools, and lakes in the Himalayan region and southern Asia, ranging from Iran south to Sri Lanka, and east to Thailand.[1] It is a popular gamefish, the largest species of mahseer, and can reach up to 2.75 m (9.0 ft) in length and 54 kg (119 lb) in weight, though most caught today are far smaller.[2] It is threatened by habitat loss, habitat degradation and overfishing, and it already has declined by more than an estimated 50%.[1] This omnivorous species is generally found near the surface in water that ranges from 13 to 30 °C (55–86 °F).[3]

Its caudal, pelvic, and anal fins show tint of reddish-golden color. While the body above its lateral line is generally golden in color at adulthood, the gold color might be absent in young specimens.

Tor putitora is the national fish of Pakistan.[4]

The breeding phenology of Golden mahseer in lesser himalayan region of India appears to have undergone a transition over the last 10 decades. Even after a probable reduction in duration of breeding season and shift (delay) in onset of breeding in Golden mahseer population during 1911–1981, some stabilization in breeding phenology appears to have been attained since 2000s. It is predicted that the species appears to be continuously adapting to changing climate in lesser Himalayas. [5]

References

  1. 1 2 3 Jha, B.R. & Rayamajhi, A. (2010). "Tor putitora". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN. 2010: e.T166645A6254146. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T166645A6254146.en. Retrieved 26 December 2017.
  2. ↑ Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2012). "Tor putitora" in FishBase. January 2012 version.
  3. ↑ IRG Systems South Asia Pvt. Ltd. (December 2014) Cumulative Impact and Carrying Capacity Study of Subansiri Sub Basin including Downstream Impacts. Final Report, volume 1. Central Water Commission, India.
  4. ↑ N. Akhtar; K. Saeed; J.S. Khan; A. Khan; W. Akhtar; B. Akhtar (2016). "Tor Putitora, the Extinct Fish Species in River Swat Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan". World Journal of Fish and Marine Sciences. 8 (1): 10–13. doi:10.5829/idosi.wjfms.2016.8.1.10247.
  5. ↑ "Pattern of reproductive biology of the endangered golden mahseer Tor putitora (Hamilton 1822) with special reference to regional climate change implications on breeding phenology from lesser Himalayan region, India, Journal of Applied Animal Research (2018), 46:1, 1289-1295. DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2018.1497493" https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09712119.2018.1497493


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