Galerucella
| Galerucella | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Galerucella lineola | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Chrysomelidae |
| Subfamily: | Galerucinae |
| Genus: | Galerucella Crotch, 1873 |
Galerucella is a genus of leaf beetles in the family Chrysomelidae described by George Robert Crotch in 1873. It occurs everywhere. It damages cultural, wild strawberry and other herbaceous and shrubby plants from the Rosanna family (gravilat, tavolga, etc.).
Beetle 3.5-4.2 mm long, yellowish brown, metathorax and abdomen black; elytra evenly convex. Egg measuring 0.5-0.6 mm, globose, first reddish yellow, then reddish yellow with a rod-shaped black appendage on the apex. Larva 5–6 mm long, yellowish brown with rows of dark transverse bands and warts with setae; legs and head are black. Pupa 3.5–4 mm, blind yellow.
The immature beetles hibernate under plant remains. In the spring, in the second half of April, at a temperature of 13-14 °C, the beetles leave the wintering grounds and in addition feed: they skeletonize the leaves and gnaw through the sinuous holes. Less often damage the petioles of leaves, inflorescences and flowers. During the extension of the buds, the females lay 1 or 2 eggs each day in the gnawed holes on the underside of the leaves. The period of egg laying is stretched, up to 30 to 45 days. Fertility - 150-200 eggs. Embryonic development lasts from 12 to 20 days. Larvae, reborn for 25 to 30 days, skeletonize the leaves. After completing the food, they pass to the surface layer of the soil near the plants and pupate in earthen piglets. Beetles that come out after 8 to 12 days, eat leaves for a while, after which they pass to wintering. One generation per year develops.
Larvae of strawberry leaf-eaters feed on ground beetles, carnivorous bugs. Eggs infect riders Entedon ovularum Rizb, pupae - Tetrastichus cassidarum Rizb.
Protection measures. Destruction of plant remains. Soil digging near plants during mass pupation of larvae. With a population exceeding 2 to 3 beetles per five plants (at the beginning of the settlement of strawberries), spraying with insecticides.
Species
- Galerucella aludela Maulik, 1936
- Galerucella amboinensis Jacoby, 1894
- Galerucella angulosa Pic, 1928
- Galerucella aquatica (Geoffroy in Fourcroy, 1785)
- Galerucella aurata Maulik, 1936
- Galerucella bataviensis Hornstedt, 1788
- Galerucella birmanica (Jacoby, 1889)
- Galerucella calmariensis (Linnaeus, 1767) - loosestrife leaf beetle
- Galerucella fossata (Chen, 1942)
- Galerucella grisescens de Joannis, 1866
- Galerucella lineola (Fabricius, 1781)
- Galerucella nymphaeae (Linnaeus, 1758) - waterlily leaf beetle
- Galerucella placida Baly, 1878
- Galerucella pusilla (Duftschmid, 1825) - golden loosestrife beetle
- Galerucella quebecensis Brown, 1938
- Galerucella sagittariae (Gyllenhal, 1813
- Galerucella stefanssoni Brown, 1938
- Galerucella tenella (Linnaeus, 1761) - strawberry leaf beetle
References