Francis Egerton, 8th Earl of Bridgewater

Arms of the Earl of Bridgewater (Egerton family)

Francis Henry Egerton, 8th Earl of Bridgewater (11 November 1756 – 11 February 1829), FRS, FSA (1791), known as Francis Egerton until 1823, was a noted British eccentric from the Egerton family and supporter of natural theology.^[1]

Egerton was a Church of England clergyman who held the rectories of Myddle and Whitchurch in Shropshire, but the duties were performed by a proxy. He succeeded his brother John in the earldom in 1823, and spent the latter part of his life in Paris. He was a fair scholar, and a zealous naturalist and antiquarian. When he died in February 1829 the earldom became extinct.^[2]

Early life

Egerton was a son of John Egerton, Bishop of Durham and Anne Sophia Grey.^{[3][lower-alpha 1]} He was educated at Eton and Christ Church, Oxford, and became a fellow of All Souls in 1780, and Fellow of the Royal Society in 1781.^[2] He inherited his title and a large fortune in 1823 from his brother, the 7th Earl.^[3]

Career

The Bridgewater Chapel at St. Peter and St. Paul Church, Little Gaddesden, where many Egerton family members are buried

Egerton was eccentric. According to the Parisian police, Egerton kept dogs and cats in his house which he dressed as ladies and gentlemen and would take them with him in his carriage.^[3] he kept partridges and pigeons with clipped wings in his garden, allowing him to shoot them despite failing eyesight. He never married, and upon his death, his title became extinct.^[2] He was buried at Little Gaddesden, Hertfordshire.^[4]

In the early 17th century, Thomas Egerton, 1st Viscount Brackley, had purchased Ashridge House, one of the largest country houses in England, from Queen Elizabeth I, who had inherited it from her father who had appropriated it after the dissolution of the monasteries in 1539. Ashridge House served the Egerton family as a residence until the 19th century. The Egertons later had a family chapel (the Bridgewater Chapel) with burial vault in Little Gaddesden Church,^[5] where many monuments commemorate the Dukes and Earls of Bridgewater and their families.^[4]

Arts and science

He was invested as a Fellow of the Royal Society (F.R.S.) on 8 November 1781 and as a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London (F.S.A.) on 31 March 1791.^[3]

In 1812 he wrote "Description du Plan Incliné Souterrain" about the underground canals of the Worsley Navigable Levels, coal mines in Worsley, Greater Manchester, part of the Bridgewater estate.^[6]

He bequeathed to the British Museum the valuable Egerton Manuscripts,^[2] consisting of 67 manuscripts dealing with the literature of France and Italy, and £12,000^[2] to establish the Egerton Fund from which the Museum could purchase additional manuscripts. More than 3800 manuscripts have been purchased using the Egerton fund. He also left £8000 at the disposal of the president of the Royal Society, to be paid to the author or authors who might be selected to write and publish 1000 copies of a treatise "On the Power, Wisdom and Goodness of God, as manifested in the Creation". Davies Gilbert, who then filled the office, selected eight persons, each to undertake a branch of this subject, and each to receive £1000 as his reward, together with any benefit that might accrue from the sale of his work, according to the will of the testator. His titles became extinct.^[2]

He left £8,000 for the Bridgewater treatises, which first appeared during the years 1833 to 1840, and afterwards in Bohn's Scientific Library,^[2] celebrating the wonder of God's goodness through the Creation.

See also

• Egerton Collection

Notes

References

• Egerton, Francis Henry (1812), Description du plan incliné souterrain, au bureau des Annales des Arts et Manufactures, rue J.J. Rouseau, n. 1, Imprimerie de Chaignieau Aîné
• Bridgewater Chapel, Little Gaddesden Church, 10 February 2015, retrieved 11 April 2017
• Monuments, Little Gaddesden Church, 10 February 2015, retrieved 11 April 2017
• Lundy, Darryl (1 May 2011), Francis Henry Egerton, 8th Earl of Bridgwater, p. 15192 § 151915, retrieved 11 April 2017 cite:
  • Cokayne, G.E.; et al., eds. (2000), The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct or Dormant, II (reprint in 6 volumes ed.), Gloucester, U.K.: Alan Sutton Publishing, p. 316
• Mosley, Charles, ed. (2003), Burke's Peerage and Baronetage, 1 (106th in 2 volumes ed.), Crans, Switzerland: Burke's Peerage, pp. 1232–1233

Attribution:

•  Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911), "Bridgewater, Francis Henry Egerton, 8th Earl of", Encyclopædia Britannica, 4 (11th ed.), Cambridge University Press, p. 558

Further reading

•  Baynes, T.S., ed. (1878), "The Rev. Francis Henry, eighth earl of Bridgewater", Encyclopædia Britannica, 4 (9th ed.), New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, p. 342
• Caufield, Catherine (1981), The Emperor of the United States and Other Magnificent British Eccentrics, Routledge & Kegan Paul, pp. 77–79, ISBN 0-7100-0957-7
• The Ninth Bridgewater Treatise