Family tree of ancient Chinese emperors

This is a family tree of Chinese kings before the establishment of the title emperor (皇帝) by Shi Huangdi.

Chinese emperors family tree (ancient)Chinese emperors family tree (early)Chinese emperors family tree (middle)Chinese emperors family tree (late)

Five Emperors

The legendary Five Emperors were traditionally regarded as the founders of the Chinese state. The Records of the Grand Historian states that Shaohao did not accede to the throne while Emperor Zhi’s ephemeral and uneventful rule disqualify him from the Five Emperors in all sources.[1] Other sources name Yu the Great, the founder of the Xia dynasty, as the last of the Five.[2] Pretenders are italicized.[3]

Ancient Five Emperors
(1) Yellow Emperor
黃帝
[4]
(2) Shaohao
少昊
Changyi 昌意
Jiaoji 蟜極(3) Zhuanxu
顓頊
(4) KuQiongchan 窮蟬Gu of Shu
古蜀王
Cheng 称Taowu 梼杌Wangliang
魍魉
(5) ZhiXie of
Shang
(6) Emperor Yao
Houji 后稷Jingkang 敬康Lao Tong
老童
Danzhu 丹朱Juwang 句望
Zhurong
祝融
Wuhui
吳回
Qiaoniu 橋牛Gun
Gusou 瞽叟(8) YuLuzhong
陸終
Ehuang 娥皇(7) ShunNuying 女英Kunwu
昆吾
Shen H
參胡
Peng Zu
彭祖
Hui Ren
會人
Ji Lian
季連
?Cao 曹
Shangjun 商均

Xia dynasty

This is a family tree for the Xia dynasty which ruled circa 2100–1600 BC. The historicity of the dynasty has sometimes been questioned, but circumstantial archaeological evidence supports its existence.[5]

Xia dynasty
(1) Yu the Great[6]
大禹
(2) Qi[7]
(3) Tai Kang
太康
(4) Zhong Kang
仲康
(5) Xiang
(6) Shaokang
少康
(7) Zhu
(8) Huai
(9) Mang
(10) Xie
(11) Bu Jiang
不降
(12) Jiong
(14) Kong Jia
孔甲
(13) Jin
(15) Gao
(16) Fa
(17) Jie

Shang dynasty

This is a family tree for the Shang dynasty, which ruled China proper between circa 1600 BC and 1046 BC.[8] The Shang rulers bore the title Di(帝)

Shang kings
Xie
Zhao Ming 昭明
Xiang Tu 相土
Chang Ruo 昌若
Cao Yu 曹圉
Ming 冥
Wang Hai 王亥Wang Heng 王恒
Jia Wei 上甲微
Bao Yi 报乙
Bao Bing 报丙
Bao Ding 报丁
Zhu Ren 主壬
Zhu Kui 主癸
(1)Tang
(2)Da Ding 大丁(4)Wai Bing 外丙(5)Zhong Ren 仲壬
(3)Tai Jia 太甲
(6)Qiang Ding
羌丁
(7)Da Geng
大庚
(8)Xiao Jia 小甲(9)Yong Ji 雍己(10)Da Wu 大戊
(11)Zhong Ding
中丁
(12)Wai Ren
(13)He Dan Jia
河亶甲
(14)Zu Yi 祖乙
(15)Zu Xin
祖辛
(16)Qiang Jia
羌甲
(17)Zu Ding
祖丁
(18)Nan Geng
南庚
(19)Yang Jia
陽甲
(20)Pan Geng
盤庚
(21)Xiao Xin
小辛
(22)Xiao Yi
小乙
(23)Wu Ding 武丁
1250–1192 BC
Xiao Ji 孝己(24)Zu Geng
祖庚

1192–1181 BC
(25)Zu Jia 祖甲
1181–1159 BC
(26)Lin Xin 廩辛
1159–1155 BC
(27)Kang Ding 康丁
1155–1147 BC
(28)Wu Yi 武乙
1147–1112 BC
(29)Wen Ding 文丁
1112–1102 BC
Bi Gan
比干
(30)Di Yi 帝乙
1101–1076 BC
Wei Zi Qi 微子启Wei Zhong Yan
微仲衍
(31)Di Xin 帝辛
1075–1046 BC
Wu Geng 武庚

Zhou dynasty

This is a family tree for the Zhou dynasty, descendants of Duke Wu of Zhou who overthrew the last Shang ruler, thereby establishing the dynasty. Ruling from 1046 BC to 256 BC, it is notable as the longest dynasty in Chinese history, although the actual political and military control of China by the dynasty only lasted during the Western Zhou.

Zhou dynasty kings
Emperor Ku
Houji 后稷
Buzhu 不窋
Ju
Duke Liu 公劉
Qingjie 慶節
Huangpu 皇僕
Chaifu 差弗
Huiyu 毀渝
Duke Fei 公非
Gaoyu 高圉
Yayu 亞圉
Gong Shu Zulei
公叔祖類
Duke Uncle Zulei
Old Duke Danfu
King Tai of Zhou
周太王
Jili 季歷
King Ji of Zhou
Taibo 吳泰伯
(founder of Wu)
Zhongyong 仲雍
(ancestor of
the kings of Wu)
Guo Zhong
虢仲
Guo Shu
虢叔
King Wen of Zhou
文王
(1099–1050 BC)
State of WuState of Wu
Bo Yikao
伯邑考
King Wu 武王
1050/1046–1043BC
Duke of Zhou
周公旦
King Cheng 成王
(1042–1021 BC)
Tang Shuyu 唐叔虞
Marquis of Tang
1042–? BC
Bo Qin
伯禽
King Kang 康王
(1021–995 BC)
Marquis Xie of Jin
晉侯燮
State of Lu
King Zhao 昭王
(995–976 BC)
State of Jin
King Mu 穆王
(976–921 BC)
King Gong 共王
(921–909 BC)
King Xiao 孝王
(884–875 BC)
King Yi 懿王
(909–884 BC)
King Yi 夷王
(875–864 BC)
King Li 厲王
(864–841 BC)
Gonghe 共和
(Regent: 841–828 BC)
King Xuan 宣王
(827–782 BC)
Duke Huan 鄭桓公
of Zheng
806–771 BC
King Xie 携王
c. 770–750 BCE
King You 幽王
(781–771 BC)
Bao Si
褒姒
State of Zheng
King Ping 平王
(771–720 BC)
Bofu 伯服
?–771CE
Taizi
Xiefu 太子泄父
King Huan 桓王
(720–697 BC)
King Zhuang 莊王
(697–682 BC)
King Xi 僖王
(682–677 BC)
Prince Tui 王子颓
King Hui 惠王
(677–652 BC)
King Xiang 襄王
(651–619 BC
Prince Dai 王子带
King Qing 頃王
(618–613 BC)
King Kuang 匡王
(612–607 BC)
King Ding 定王
(606–586 BC)
King Jian 簡王
(585–572 BC)
King Ling 靈王
(571–545 BC)
King Jing 景王
(544–520 BC)
Prince Chao 王子朝King Dao 悼王
(520 BC)
King Jing 敬王
(520–476 BC)
King Yuan 元王
(475–469 BC)
King Zhending
貞定王

(468–441 BC)
King Ai 哀王
(441 BC)
King Si 思王
(441 BC)
King Kao 考王
(440–426 BC)
Duke Huan
of West Zhou

西周桓公
King Weilie 威烈王
(425–402 BC)
Duke Wei
of West Zhou
西周威公
King An 安王
(401–376 BC)
Duke Hui
of West Zhou
西周惠公
Prince Ban 班
Duke Hui of
East Zhou 東周惠公
King Lie 烈王
(375–369 BC)
King Xian 顯王
(368–321 BC)
Duke Wu
of West Zhou
西周武公
King Shenjing
慎靚王

(320–315 BC)
King Nan 赧王
(314–256 BC)

東野家族大宗世系翁 Family Tree of the descendants of the Duke of Zhou in Chinese

Spring and Autumn period

Jin

Jin state
Emperor Ku
Houji 后稷
Buzhu 不窋
Ju
Gongliu 公劉
Qingjie 慶節
Huangpu 皇僕
Chaifu 差弗
Huiyu 毀渝
Gongfei 公非
Gaoyu 高圉
Yayu 亞圉
Gongshu Zulei
公叔祖類
Duke Zulei of Shu
Tai of Zhou 周太王
Jili 季歷Wu Taibo 吳太伯Zhongyong 仲雍
Wen of Zhou
周文王
1152-1099
–1050
–1056BC
State of Wu
Wu of Zhou 武王
?–(1050–)1046
–1043 BC
Cheng of Zhou
周成王
1042–1021 BC
Shu Yu of Tang
唐叔虞
1042–? BCE
Kang of Zhou
周康王
1021–996 BC
Xie of Jin
晉侯燮
Zhou
dynasty
Wu of Jin
晉武侯
Cheng of Jin
晉成侯
Li of Jin 晉厲侯
?–859 BC
Jing of Jin 晉靖侯
858–841 BC
Xi of Jin 晉釐侯
841–823 BC
Boqiao 伯僑
Xian of Jin 晉獻侯
823–812 BC
Mu of Jin 晉穆侯
812–785 BC
Shang Shu 晉殤叔
785–781BC
Tu 突
Wen of Jin 晉文侯
780–746 BC
Huan Shu of Quwo
曲沃桓叔
745–731 BC
Zhao of Jin 晉昭侯
745–739BC
Zhuang Bo of Quwo
曲沃莊伯
731–716 BCE
Wuzi of Han
韩武子
Xiao of Jin 晉孝侯
739–724 BC
Wu of Quwo
and Jin

曲沃(晉)武公
679–677 BC
Qiubo of Han
韓赇伯
E of Jin 晉鄂侯
724–718 BC
Xian of Jin 晉獻公
676–651 BC
Hán Jiǎn
韓简
Ai of Jin 晉哀侯
717–709 BC
Min of Jin 晉侯緡
704–678 BCE
Shensheng 申生
d. 655 BC
Wen of Jin 重耳
697–636–628 BC
Hui of Jin
晉惠公
650–637 BC
Xiqi of Jin
奚齊
665–651 BC
Zhuozi of Jin
卓子
d. 651
Ziyu
子舆
Xiaozi of Jin
晉小子侯
708–705 BC
Xiang of Jin
晋襄公
627–621 BC
Cheng of Jin
晋成公
606–600 BC
Huai of Jin
晉懷公
637 BC
Xianzi of Han
韩献子
Ling of Jin 晋灵公
620–607 BC
Jie
桓叔捷
Jing of Jin 晋景公
599–581 BC
State of Han
Tan
惠伯談
Li of Jin 晋厉公
580–573 BC
Dao of Jin 晉悼公
586–573-558 BC
Ping of Jin 晋平公
557–532 BC
Zhao of Jin 晋昭公
531–526 BC
Qing of Jin 晉頃公
525–512 BC
戴子雍
Ding of Jin 晉定公
511–475 BC
Ji
Chu of Jin 晉出公
474–452 BC
Jing of Jin 晉敬公
451–434 BC
You of Jin 晉幽公
433–416 BC
Lie of Jin 晉烈公
415–389 BC
Huan of Jin 晉桓公
388–369 BC
Jing of Jin 晉靜公
356–349 BC(?)

Cai

Wu

Warring States period

In 771BC, a coälition of feudal lords and the Western Rong tribes overthrew King You and drove the Zhou out of the Wei valley. During the following Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods, the major states pursued independent policies and eventually declared full independence claiming the title borne by Zhou rulers.

All claimed descent from the Yellow Emperor through cadet lines of the royal houses above, although the historicity of such claims is usually doubted.

Qin

The kings of Qin claimed descent from the Lady Xiu, "the granddaughter" of "a remote descendant" of the Emperor Zhuanxu, the grandson of the Yellow Emperor. Similarly, in the next generation, Lady Hua was said to be descended from Shaodian,[9] the legendary figure who is sometimes the father and sometimes the foster father of the Yellow and Flame Emperors. Although Nüfang (lit. "Lady Fang") is counted as Elai's son, some scholars have claimed the figure was Elai's daughter and, along with the numerous important women in the early pedigree, indicates that early Qin was matriarchal.[11]

The surname Ying (lit."Abundance") was said to have been bestowed by Shun upon Dafei (the husbandman Yi). If it was ever held by any of his descendants, it had fallen out of use by the time of Feizi, who was granted the name anew by King Xiao of the Zhou.[9]

Qin state
Nüxiu

Lady Xiu
A bird[13]
Daye

Ye the Great
Nühua

Lady Hua
Dafei

Fei the Great
fl.22nd C. BC
Yaoxingzi yunü

jade lady
of the Yao
Dalian

Lian the Great
Ruomu
unknownunknown
unknownunknown
unknownunknown
Mengxi

Xi the Elder
Zhongyan

Yan the Younger
Feichang
unknown
unknown
Xuxuan
Zhongjue[14]

Jue the Younger
Feilian
Elai
Jisheng

Sheng the
Youngest
Nüfang
Hengfu
Panggao
a marquis
of Shen

申侯
Zaofu

fl. 950 BC
unknownTaiji

Ji the Great
unknown
(1)Feizi

r. –858 BC
Ying Cheng
(2)Qinhou

Marquis of Qin
r. 857–848 BC
(3)Gongbo

r. 848–845 BC
(4)Qinzhong

Qin the Younger
r. 844–822 BC
(5)Duke Zhuang

r. 821–778 BC
4 other sons
Shifu
(6)Duke Xiang

r. 777–766 BC
another sonMou Ying

m. 777 BC
King of Feng

a Rong leader
(7)Duke Wen

r. 765–716 BC
(-)Duke Jing

d. 718 BC
Lu Ji
(8)Duke Xian
[16]
r. 715–704 BC
Wang Ji
(10)Duke Wu

r. 697–678 BC
(11)Duke De

r. 677–676 BC
(9)Duke Chu I

[Chuzi I]
r. 703–698 BC
Duke Xian
of Jin

r. 676–651 BC
Ying Bai
(12)
Duke Xuan

r. 675–664 BC
(13)Duke Cheng

r. 663–660 BC
(14)Duke Mu

Ying Renhao
r. 659–621 BC
Mu Ji
9 sons7 sons
(15)Duke Kang

Ying Ying
r. 620–609 BC
38 other sonsNongyuXiao ShiKing Gong
of Chu

r. 590–560 BC
Qin YingYing Hong
(16)Duke Gong

r. 608–604 BC
Duke Huai
of Jin

r. 637 BC
Huai Ying
Duke Wen
of Jin

r. 636–628 BC
Wen YingJianbi
(17)Duke Huan

r. 603–577 BC
(18)Duke Jing

r. 576–537 BC
(19)Duke Ai

r. 536–501 BC
(-)Duke Yi
a daughter?
m. 523 BC
King Ping
of Chu
(20)Duke Hui I

r. 500–492 BC
(21)Duke Dao

r. 491–477 BC
(22)Duke Ligong

r. 476–443 BC
(23)Duke Zao

r. 442–429 BC
(24)Duke Huai

r. 428–425BC
Zhaozi
(26)Duke Jian

r. 414–400 BC
(25)Duke Ling

r. 424–415 BC
(27)Duke Hui II

r. 399–387 BC
(29)Duke Xian

Ying Lian
r. 384–362 BC
(28)Duke Chu II

(Chuzi II)
r. 386–385 BC
(30)Duke Xiao

Ying Quliang
r. 361–338 BC
(31)King Huiwen

Ying Si
r. 338–311 BC
Queen XuanKing of Yiqu[17]
義渠
(32)King Wu

Ying Dang
r. 310–307 BC
Lady Yeyang(33)King
Zhaoxiang


Ying Ze
r. 306–251 BC
Lady Tang
Crown Prince
Dao

unknown(34)King Xiaowen
Ying Zhu

r. 250 BC
Lady Xia
Prince Xi~20 other sons
Lady Zhao
m. 261 BC
(35)King
Zhuangxiang


Ying Yiren
r. 249–247 BC
unknown
(36)Shi Huangdi
秦始皇
Ying Zheng
Lord Chang'an
長安
Ying Chengjiao
See: family tree
of the
Qin dynasty

The Three Jins

Han

Wei

Zhao

Zhao state
(1)Shu Dai
叔帶
(4)Duke Ming
公明
(5)耿氏
Zhao Su 趙夙
Zhao Shuai
(6)Viscount Cheng
趙成子 ?–622 BC
Gòng Mèng
共孟
Zhao Dun
(7)Viscount Xuan
of Zhao 趙宣子
?–601 BC
Zhao Tong
趙同 原氏
?–583 BC
(8)Zhao Kuo
趙括 屏氏
?–583 BC
Zhao Yingqi
趙嬰齊 楼氏
Zhao Chuan
趙穿
邯郸氏
赵旃叔父Zhao Shuo
Viscount Zhuang
of Zhao
赵庄子
?–597 BC
Zhào Zhān
Xiōng
赵旃兄
Zhao Dan 趙旃Zhao Wu
(9)Viscount Wen
of Zhao 趙文子
?–541
Zhao Sheng
趙勝
Zhào Huò
赵获
Ying Cheng
(10)Viscount Jing
of Zhao 趙景子
?–518 BC
Zhao Wu 趙午
?–497
Zhao Yang
(11)Viscount Jian
of Zhao
趙簡子
?–476 BC
Zhào Jì 赵稷Zhào Bólŭ
趙伯魯
趙毋卹
(12)Viscount Xiāng
of Zhao 趙襄子
?–425 BC
Zhào Cháo
赵朝
代成君
Zhào Zhōu 赵周
趙嘉
(13)Viscount Huan
of Zhao 趙桓子
?–424
趙浣
(14)Xian of Zhao
趙獻侯
Marquess of Zhao
?–409 BC
Zhào Jí
(15)Lie of Zhao
趙烈侯
Marquess of Zhao
?–409–400 BC
(16)Duke Wu
of Zhào

趙武公
?–400–387 BC
Zhào Zhāng
(17)Jing of Zhao
趙敬侯
Marquess of Zhao
c. 410–387–375 BC
Ducal Son
Zhao
公子朝
Zhào Zhòng
(18)Cheng
趙成侯
Marquess of Zhao
?–375–350 BC
趙語
(19)Su of Zhao
趙肅侯
Marquess of Zhao
?–350–326 BC
Lord Anping
安平君
Zhao Yong
(20)Wuling
趙武靈王
King of Zhao
340–326–
298
–295 BC
安阳君
Ying Zhang 嬴章
Lord of Anying
安陽君 ?–295
Zhao He
(21)Huiwen
趙惠文王
King of Zhao
310–298–266 BC
Zhao Bao
Lord Yangwen
陽文君
Zhao Sheng
趙勝
Lord Pingyuan
平原君
?–251 BC
Zhao Dan
(22)Xiaocheng
趙孝成王
King of Zhao
?–266–245 BC
Prince
Chang'an
長安君
Lord Luling
廬陵君
Zhao Yan
(23)Daoxiang
趙悼襄王
King of Zhao
?–245–236 BC
Zhao Jia
(25)Prince Jia
of Dai

代王嘉
250–228–
222
–? BC
Zhao Qian
(24)Youmiu
趙幽繆王
King of Zhao
245–236–
228
–? BC

Qi

House of Jiang

Qi state - House of Jiang
(1)Jiang Ziya
Duke Tai of Qi
齐太公
(2)Lü Ji 呂伋
Ding of Qi 齐丁公
Duke of Qi
c. 10th cent. BC
(3) Lü De 呂得
Yǐ of Qi 齐乙公
Duke of Qi
10th cent. BC
Jìzi 季子
崔氏
(4)Lü Cimu 呂慈母
Gui of Qi 齐癸公
Duke of Qi
10th cent. BC
(5)Lü Buchen 呂不辰
Ai of Qi 齐哀公
Duke of Qi
?–?–878 BC
(6)Lü Jing 呂靜
Hu of Qi 齐胡公
Duke of Qi
?–878–860 BC
(7)Lü Shan 呂山
Xian of Qi 齐献公
Duke of Qi
?–860–851 BC
(8)Lü Shou 呂壽
Wu of Qi 齐武公
Duke of Qi
?–851–825 BC
(9)Lü Wuji 呂無忌
Li of Qi 齐厉公
Duke of Qi
?–825–816 BC
(10)Lü Chi 呂赤
Wen of Qi 齐文公
Duke of Qi
?–816–804 BC
(11)Lü Yue 呂說
Cheng of Qi
齐成公
Duke of Qi
?–804–795 BC
Gāo Shì 高氏
公子高
(12)Lü Gou 呂購
Zhuang I of Qi
齐庄公
Duke of Qi
?–795–731 BC
Dé Chén
得臣
(13)Lü Lufu 呂祿甫
Xi of Qi 齐僖公
Duke of Qi
?–731–698 BC
Yi Zhongnian
夷仲年
?–699
Prince Liào
公子廖
Xí Shì 隰氏
(14)Lü Zhu'er 呂諸兒
Xiang of Qi 齐襄公
Xiang of Qi
?–698–686 BC
Prince Jiu
公子纠
?–685
(16)Lü Xiǎobái 呂小白
Huan of Qi 齐桓公
Duke of Qi
?–685–643 BC
Wen Jiang
文姜
d. 673 BC
Huan of Lu
魯桓公
Duke of Lu
711–694 BC
(15)Lü Wuzhi
呂無知
729–686–685 BC
(17)Lü Wúkuī
呂無虧
Duke of Qi BC
?–643–642 BC
(18)Lü Zhao 呂昭
Xiao of Qi 齐孝公
Duke of Qi
?–642–633 BC
(19)Lü Pan 呂潘
Zhao of Qi 齐昭公
Duke of Qi
?–633–613 BC
(21)Lü Shangren 呂商人
Yì of Qi 齐懿公
Duke of Qi
?–613–609 BC
(22)Lü Yuan 呂元
Hui of Qi 齐惠公
Duke of Qi
?–609–599 BC
Prince Yong
公子雍
Zhuang of Lu
Duke of Lu
693–662 BC
(20)Lü She
呂舍
?–609 BC
(23)Lü Wuye 呂無野
Qing of Qi 齐顷公
Duke of Qi
?–599–582 BC
Luán Shì栾氏
Prince Jiān
公子坚
Gāo Shì 高氏
Prince Qí
公子祁
Prince Jiǎo 公子角(24)Lü Huan 呂環
Ling of Qi 齐灵公
Duke of Qi
?–582–554 BC
Zǐ ChéngZi GòngZi Xiàshèng
(25)Lü Guāng 呂光
Zhuang II of Qi
齐庄公
Duke of Qi
?–554–548 BC
Prince Ya
公子牙
(26)Lü Chujiu 呂杵臼
Jing of Qi 齐景公
Duke of Qi
?–548–490 BC
Prince Qīng
公孙青
Prince Jié
公孙捷
Prince Jia 公子嘉Yàn Jīzi 燕姬子(28)Lü Yangsheng
Dao of Qi 齐悼公
Duke of Qi
?–489–485 BC
(27) Lü Tu 呂荼
An Ruzi 安孺子
Duke of Qi
?–490–489 BC
Prince Qian
公子黔
Prince Chu
公子鉏
Prince Ju
公子驹
(29)Lü Ren 呂壬
Jian of Qi 齐简公
Duke of Qi
?–485–481 BC
(30)Lü Ao 呂驁
Ping of Qi 齐平公
Duke of Qi
?–481–456 BC
(31)Lü Ji 呂積
Xuan of Qi 齐宣公
Duke of Qi
?–456–405 BC
(32)Lü Dai 呂貸
Kang of Qi 齐康公
Duke of Qi
?–405–386–379 BC

House of Tian

Qi state – House of Tian
(1)Chen Wanm 陳完
Tian Jingzhong
田敬仲
(2)Tian Zhi 田穉
Tian Mengyi
田孟夷
(3)Tian Min 田湣
Tian Mengzhuang
田孟莊
(4)Tian Xuwu 田須無
Tian Wenzi
田文子
(5)Tian Wuyu 田無宇
Tian Huanzi
田桓子
(6)Tian Kai 田開
Tian Wuzi 田武子
?–516 BC
(7)Tian Qi 田乞
Tian Xizi 田僖子
Chén Zhāozi
陈昭子
孙书
孙氏
Zi Mén 子亹
陈瓘(8)Tian Heng 田恆
Tian Chengzi
田成子
Zi Zhì 子士Viscount Xuān
宣子
廪邱子Sūn Píng 孙凭Viscount Xiàn
子献
(9)Tian Pan 田盤
Tian Xiangzi
田襄子
Viscount Jiǎn
简子
Viscount Mù
穆子
Viscount Máng
芒子
Viscount Huì
惠子
Sūnwǔ 孙武Zhū Yùyāng
诸御鞅
(10)Tian Bai 田白
Tian Zhuangzi
田莊子
?–411 BC
(11)Tian Daozi
田悼子
410–405 BC
(12)Tian He 田和
Tai of Tian Qi
齐太公
Duke of Tian Qi
?–386–384 BC
(13)Tián Yǎn
田剡
Marquis of Tian
?–383–375 BC
(14)Tian Wu 田午
Huan of Tian Qi
田齊桓公
Duke of Tian Qi
400–374–357 BC
Tian Xi
田喜
(15)Tian Yinqi 田因齊
Wei of Qi 齐威王
King of Qi
?–356–320 BC
(16)Tian Bijiang 田辟疆
Xuan of Qi 齐宣王
King of Qi
?–319–301 BC
Jiāo Shī 郊师Tian Ying
田嬰
(17)Tian Di 田地
Min of Qi 齐湣王
King of Qi
c. 323 –300–284 BC
Tian Wen 田文
Lord Mengchang
孟尝君
(18)Tian Fazhang
Xiang of Qi 齐襄王
King of Qi
?–283–265 BC
(19)Tian Jian 田建
Jian of Qi 齐王建
King of Qi
?–264–221 BC
(20)Tian Jia
田假
King of Qi
?–208205 BC
Tian An 田安

Chu

Chu state
Jilian 季連
Ruler of Chu
Yingbo 𦀚伯
Ruler of Chu
Yuanzhong 遠仲
?
Yuxiong 鬻熊
Ruler of Chu
11th cen. BC
Xiong Li 熊麗
Ruler of Chu
11th cen. BC
Xiong Kuang 熊狂
Ruler of Chu
11th cen. BC
Xiong Yi 熊繹
Viscount of Chu
1042–1006 BC
Xiong Ai 熊艾
Viscount of Chu
1006–981 BC
Xiong Dan 熊䵣
Viscount of Chu
981–970 BC
Xiong Sheng 熊勝
Viscount of Chu
970–946 BC
Xiong Yang 熊楊
Viscount of Chu
Xiong Qu 熊渠
Viscount of Chu
887–877 BC
Xiong Kang 熊康
Viscount of Chu
Xiong Zhi 熊摯
Viscount of Chu
877–876 BC
Xiong Yan 熊延
Viscount of Chu
876–848 BC
Xiong Yong 熊勇
Viscount of Chu
847–838 BC
Xiong Yan 熊嚴
Viscount of Chu
837–828 BC
Xiong Shuang 熊霜
Viscount of Chu
827–822 BC
Xiong Xue 熊雪Xiong Xun 熊徇
Viscount of Chu
821–800 BC
Xiong Kan 熊堪
Xiong E 熊咢
Viscount of Chu
799–791 BC
Xiong Yi 熊儀
Ruo'ao 若敖
Viscount of Chu
790–764 BC
Dou Bobi 鬬伯比Xiong Kan 熊坎
Xiao'ao 霄敖
Viscount of Chu
763–758 BC
Xiong Xuan 熊眴
Fenmao 蚡冒
Viscount of Chu
757–741 BC
Wu of Chu 楚武王
King of Chu
740–690 BC
Qu Xia 屈瑕Wen of Chu
楚文王
King of Chu
689–677 BC
Ziyuan 子元
d. 664 BC
Xiong Jian 熊艱
Du'ao 堵敖
King of Chu
676–672 BC
Xiong Yun 熊惲
Cheng of Chu
楚成王
King of Chu
671–626 BC
Zheng Mao
鄭瞀
Xiong Shangchen
Mu of Chu 楚穆王
King of Chu
625–614 BC
Prince Zhi 王子职
Xiong Lü
Zhuang of Chu
楚莊王
King of Chu
613–591 BC
Xiong Shen 熊審
Gong of Chu
楚共王
King of Chu
600–590–560 BC
Xiong Zhao 熊招
Kang of Chu 楚康王
King of Chu
559–545 BC
Xiong Wei 熊圍
Ling of Chu 楚靈王
King of Chu
540–529 BC
Xiong Bi 熊比
Zi'ao 訾敖
King of Chu
529 BC
ZixiXiong Qiji 熊弃疾
Ping of Chu 楚平王
King of Chu
528–516 BC
Jia'ao 郟敖
King of Chu
544–541 BC
Crown Prince
Lu 太子禄
d. 529 BC
Prince Pidi
公子罢敌
d. 529 BC
Shen 王子申
Zixi 子西
Xiong Zhen 熊珍
King Zhao of Chu
King of Chu
515–489 BC
Jie 王子结
Ziqi 子期
Qi 王子啟
Zilü 子闾
Xiong Pingxia
平夏
d. 541
Xiong Mu 公子慕
d. 541
Xiong Zhang 熊章
Hui of Chu 楚惠王
King of Chu
488–432 BC
Xiong Zhong 熊中
Jian of Chu
King of Chu
431–408 BC
Xiong Dang 熊當
Sheng of Chu 楚聲王
King of Chu
407–402 BC
Xiong Yi 熊疑
Dao of Chu
King of Chu
401–381 BC
Xiong Zang 熊臧
Su of Chu 楚肅王
King of Chu
380–370 BC
Xiong Liangfu 熊良夫
Xuan of Chu 楚宣王
King of Chu
369–340 BC
Xiong Shang 熊商
Wei of Chu
King of Chu
339–329 BC
Xiong Huai 熊槐
Huai of Chu 楚懷王
King of Chu
328–299 BC
Xiong Heng 熊橫
Qingxiang of Chu
King of Chu
298–263 BC
Huang Xie 黃歇
Lord Chunshen
春申君
d. 238 BC
E Jun Qi 鄂君啟
Lord of the
state of E
?
Xiong Yuan 熊元
Kaolie of Chu
楚考烈王
King of Chu
262–238 BC
Xiong Xin
Yi of Chu
208–206 BC
Xiong Han 熊悍
You of Chu 楚幽王
King of Chu
237–228 BC
Xiong You 熊猶
Ai of Chu 楚哀王
King of Chu
228 BC
Xiong Fuchu
熊負芻
King of Chu
227–223 BC
Lord Changping
昌平君
King of Chu
224–223 BC

Yue

Notes and references

  1. Yang, 99.
  2. Mungello, David E. The Great Encounter of China and the West, 1500–1800 Rowman & Littlefield; 3 edition (28 Mar 2009) ISBN 978-0-7425-5798-7 p.97
  3. Book of Han, which is originate from《帝系》。
  4. Sima Qian, Records of the Grand Historian
  5. Liu, L. & Xiu, H., "Rethinking Erlitou: legend, history and Chinese archaeology", Antiquity, 81:314 (2007) pp. 886–901.
  6. Mungello, David E. The Great Encounter of China and the West, 1500–1800 Rowman & Littlefield; 3 edition (28 March 2009) ISBN 978-0-7425-5798-7 p.97.
  7. Wang Quangen 王泉根, (1993). Huaxia Quming Yishu 華夏取名藝術. (Taipei: Zhishu-fang Chuban Jituan 知書房出版集團), 42.
  8. Bamboo Annals
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Sima Qian. Records of the Grand Historian translated by Nienhauser, William Jr. The Grand Scribe's Records: The Basic Annals of Pre-Han China, pp. 87 ff. Indiana University Press, 1994. Accessed 4 December 2013.
  10. Lao Kan. Shih Chih Chin-chu, p. 106. (in Chinese)
  11. E.g., Lao Kan in his commentary on the Records of the Grand Historian,[10] although note Nienhauser's disagreement with that assessment.[9]
  12. Sima Qian. Records of the Grand Historian, 《秦本纪第五》 ["The Qin Chronicles, Part Five"]. Guoxie, 2003. Accessed 7 Dec 2013. (in Chinese)
  13. Sima Qian calls it a ,[12] where can mean "black"[9] or "mysterious". Lao Kan identified the bird as a swallow.[9]
  14. Not Zhongyu.[9]
  15. Han Zhaoqi. Annotated Shiji, "Annals of Qin", pp. 353–359. Zhonghua Book Company, 2010. ISBN 978-7-101-07272-3. (in Chinese)
  16. Recorded as "Duke Ning of Qin" (秦寧公) in Sima Qian, but inscriptions on excavated bronzeware from the period has shown this to have been a mistranscription of the original "Xian".[15]
  17. Yap, Joseph. Wars with the Xiongnu: A Translation from Zhizhi Tongjian, p. 51. AuthorHouse, 2009. Accessed 8 Dec 2013.
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