Frederick Lawson Whitlock

Frederick Lawson Whitlock (1860-1953) was an ornithological writer and oölogist, active across Western Australia. He is noted for his many expeditions to remote regions, collecting the eggs and nests of birds and recording their behaviour. His notes and specimens were often of little known or new bird populations, generating new names and descriptions. Whitlock's specimens and notes on Conopophila whitei, the grey honeyeater, are regarded as the last new species to be 'discovered' in the state,.

Biography

Frederick Bulstrode Lawson Whitlock was born 3 June 1860 in Nottingham, England, becoming interested in its natural history at an early age.[1] He became a published ornithologist while still in England, studying the birds of Europe in the literature and field.[2][3] He began a career as a bank manager in Nottingham, later robbing the safe and moving to Western Australia. A reward notice of one hundred pounds was issued with a photograph and description,

"… he has a shifty expression when talking. He is a clever bicyclist and a collector of birds and birds’ eggs, upon which he is a considerable authority".

Whitlock entered Australia through Fremantle port, and travelled to the goldfields north of Kalgoorlie. He was arrested by two police officers in "mysterious circumstances", one called Wilson and another, Robert Connell, who rose through the ranks to become a long-serving Western Australia Police Commissioner.[3][4] The stolen money was not recorded as amongst his few belongings.[3] After his capture at Kanowna, and his conviction and sentencing in England, he returned with his wife, Clara Ellen Neale-Whitlock, and daughter to Western Australia to continue his work in ornithology.[5]

The significant contribution of F. Lawson Whitlock's works to the state's ornithology was noted in The West Australian, published on his ninetieth birthday, the item also links his ancestry to English parliamentarian Sir Bulstrode Whitelocke.[6] Toward the end of his life Whitlock shifted his attention to entomology. His last contribution to ornithological literature concerned seabirds washed up to the nearby beach, collected where had retired, at Bunbury, Western Australia. Whitlock died there on the 15th of June, 1953.[7]

Works

Photo of Western ground parrot nest and eggs. The Emu, 1913.

Whitlock had published a book before leaving England, The Birds of Derbyshire, with map and six illustrations (1893), supplemented with notes of a taxidermist and author, A.S. Hutchinson (active 1870s, died 1909).[3]

Whitlock wrote over fifty articles for the Australian journal The Emu, sometimes illustrated with his photographs of bird's nests, eggs and their habitat. The journal's editor, H. M. Whittell, praised his contributions in The Emu on his eightieth birthday, and in a page given over to Whitlock's achievements in his ornithological history of the state, prefacing Serventy's Birds of Western Australia:[5][2]

Not only were Mr Whitlock’s discoveries very numerous, but he has the gift of being able so to describe his field-work that the many records he left in the pages of The Emu are not only literary efforts of a high standard, but are also work-pictures of the habits of the species with which he has come into contact. (Whittell, 1940).

He is also published in other Australian publications, including the journal Notes of the Gould League.[7]

His extensive collections of specimens, nests and eggs are held at the Western Australian Museum, in the H. L. White Collection at the Museum of Victoria, and the Mathews Collection in New York's American Museum of Natural History.[1] The collections and information he provided allowed for scientific study of the range and diversity of birds, including subspecies that were yet to be described. Whitlock is credited with the last new avian species of the state to be named and described, and commemorated by authors in systematic and common names.[8][6]

Taxa bearing his name include

  • Acanthiza apicalis whitlocki, Whitlock's tit. Collected by him and described as a species, Acanthiza whitlocki, by A. J. North, who was requested to honour Whitlock by the sponsor of his expedition, H. L. White.[9]
  • Ocyphaps lophotes whitlocki, a crested columbid (pigeon and dove family) he collected in regions of the centre and North of Western Australia.
  • Whitlocka,[10] a synonym for the avian genus Climacteris, proposed by G. M. Mathews for the species Climacteris melanurus, the black-tailed treecreeper.[11]

An archive containing Whitlock's notes and diaries is held at JS Battye Library of West Australian History.[12]

Expeditions

Whitlock joined or led a number of expeditions within the state of Western Australia, significantly contributing to the region's ornithology during a period of increased exploration and scientific research.[2] On the recommendation of L. F. von Wieldt and A. W. Milligan, Whitlock began collecting for the Western Australian Museum in 1902. He also made collections for others, notably eggs for H. L. White and supplying skins to G. M. Mathews, while still employed at the museum. His expeditions produced major collections from Lake Way (1909), the Nullarbor Plain (1921), and from the remote region of Central Australia in 1923. While at the Nullarbor he collected three specimens of an undescribed species, Blue-Bonnet Parrot, later given the name Psephotus narethae. Whitlock failed to collect a specimen of the elusive Night parrot, Pezoporus occidentalis, while searching at Henbury Station, but recorded sightings and observations of other birds in that region.[5]

List of expeditions

A chronological list of regions visited by Whitlock includes,[2]

From 1908 he was employed by H. L. White, and devoted most of his time visiting Western and central Australian regions to obtain birds and their eggs.

References

  1. 1 2 "Frederick Bulstrode Lawson Whitlock [bio,; corr. w. D. L. Serventy]". De Avibus Historiae Cronologia Ornitologica. Retrieved 2 July 2018.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Serventy, D. L.; Whittell, H. M. (1951). "Sect. 1, Part 4 'The Modern Period (1887 onward)'". A handbook of the birds of Western Australia (with the exception of the Kimberley division) (2 ed.). Perth: Paterson Brokensha. p. 41.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Shaw, Steve (July 2014). "Bank manager who went from birdman to jailbird and back again!". Reflections - digital edition. Derbyshire. Retrieved 21 July 2018. citing author's own work: Frost, R. Shaw, S. (eds.) The Birds of Derbyshire. Liverpool University Press, 2014. 9781846319563
  4. ↑ Us/Our History/WA Police Commissioners/ "Our history: WA Police Commissioners 1867-1958" Check |url= value (help). police.wa.gov.au. Government of Western Australia. Retrieved 21 July 2018.
  5. 1 2 3 Koekoe, J. (2015). "Frederick Lawson Whitlock, Ornithologist (1860-1953)". Museums Victoria Collections. Retrieved 2 July 2018.
  6. 1 2 "Birdman At Ninety". The West Australian. 66, (19, 936). Western Australia. 10 June 1950. p. 22. Retrieved 21 July 2018 – via National Library of Australia.
  7. 1 2 Obituary (September 1953). "F. Lawson Whitlock". Emu - Austral Ornithology. 53 (3): 268–269. doi:10.1071/mu953268b. ISSN 0158-4197.
  8. ↑ whitlocki Jobling, J. A. (2018). Key to Scientific Names in Ornithology. In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.) (2018). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. (retrieved from www.hbw.com on 17 July 2018).
  9. 1 2 3 4 Whitlock, F. L. (1910). "On the East Murchison. Four months collecting trip". The Emu. 9 (4). Retrieved 16 July 2018.
  10. ↑ Citation at www.hbw.com : "1079. WHITLOCKA, gen. nov. Differs from Climacteris in its shorter stouter bill and stronger feet and comparatively much longer first primary; from Neoclima in its broader heavier bill and longer first primary though shorter wing. Type, Climacteris melanura Gould." (Mathews 1912).
  11. ↑ whitlocka Jobling, J. A. (2018). Key to Scientific Names in Ornithology. In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.) (2018). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. (retrieved from www.hbw.com on 21 July 2018).
  12. ↑ "Frederick Bulstrode Lawson Whitlock - Records - Encyclopedia of Australian Science". www.eoas.info. University of Melbourne. Retrieved 3 July 2018.
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