Erich Jacoby

Erich Roman Ludvig Jacoby (16 June 1885 in Tallinn, Estonia – 10 December 1941 in Gdynia, Poland) was an Estonian architect of Baltic German descent.

E.Jacoby is one of the first ten leading architects of Estonian professional architecture, being the founding member of the Estonian Architectural Association (1921)

Influenced the Estonian architectural culture significantly through its creative and institutional activities.

Erich Jacoby was born in Tallinn as a son of the town engineer Carl Gustav Jacoby. He studied architecture at the Hanover University of Technology (1905-1907) and graduated from the Riga Polytechnic Institute in 1913. He then began work as an architect and in 1915 he became a master of the Finnish national romantic architecture at Lars Sonck.

In Tallinn, in 1913-1915, together with H. Schmidt and from 1920 to 1927, together with F. de Vries, architectural bureaus were designed, mainly for residential buildings, as well as for alterations in the Tallinn Old Town and industrial buildings in Tallinn.

In 1915-1918, Jacoby was mobilized in a tsarist army in the construction of a maritime insurance company in Tallinn.

In 1921, Erich Jacoby was one of the founding members of the Estonian Association of Architects, from 1927-1932, Erich Jacoby was the head of the Agricultural Union Civil Construction Service from the year 1931 as the Head of the Agricultural Union of Officials, State Officials and Farmers.

Head of Construction Services at the Associate Union in 1927-32.

From 1932, Erich Jacoby was a lecturer at Tallinn Technical School, as well as actively participated in various competitions at the exhibitions and during his career (Vabaduse väljak, 1928; rebuilding of the Estonian Theater, 1931, art building, Estonian Art Museum and Tallinn Town Hall project together with Erwin Brockner, 1937, Pärnu Beach Hotel, Riga The Estonian Embassy building with Hermann Berg, 1938, the White Hall renovation project of Toompea Castle, 1935, etc.), which, unfortunately, was not completed by the magnificent prize-winning competition projects.

In 1939 Erich Jacoby moved to Umsiedlung in Germany.

Erich Jacoby died on December 10, 1941, occupied by Germans in Gdynia.

Career

E.Jacoby's creation was functional in the 1920s and 1930s. Projects and activities carried out in the 1920s in the construction services of the Association of Associate Members have had a direct impact on the generation of land-architects that began work in the 1930s. (For example, A.Volberg)

Jacoby actively participated in various competitions during his career (Vabaduse väljak, 1928; Estonian Theater Revival, 1931, Art Hall, Estonian Art Museum and Tallinn Town Hall Project with Erwin Brockner, 1937; Pärnu Beach Hotel; Riga Estonian Embassy Building with Hermann Berg, 1938; White Hall of Toompea Castle) Rebuilding Project, 1935, etc.),

The first prizes have been awarded to the Monumental Museum of Art (1933) and the Funcionist Pärnu Beach Hotel (1934)

Unfortunately, no major contests have been made of the grand design contests.

In the early work, the architect followed several architectural styles:

Neoclassicism (Tallinn Chamber of Commerce Secondary School Building, Estonia pst. 10, with A. Rosenberg 1912-16)

In the 1920s, Tallinn's periodically planned heavy architectural buildings, for example. Advent Church Mere pst 3. (1923), Tuberculosis Anatolii Põllu tn. 61/63 (1925–31). Housing Nunne 11 (1926). Private house in Wismari 9a (1923) and Lahe tn. 3 (1928)

The effect of expressionism is manifested in the Järvevana tee 3, 1925, in the Tallinn Fishery Powerhouse Building. Functionalist features are found in the Tallinn German Real-House School at Luise St. 1a (1928, rebuild) and residential Great American St. 18a (1929) Jacoby functionalist buildings are slightly articulated. (A. Wisenbergi St. 23, 1932. Metsa St. 61 and Vabaduse pst. 82. 1936. Roosikrantsi St. 4c, 1937)

Two-story duplex center with high centrality in Maasika and Vaarika Street. In a small residential quarter, the difference between the previous functionalist work. High-rise central twin building in 1932)

In the second half of the 1930s, representational radicalism was dominated by Jacoby's work. Examples: Apartment buildings in Tallinn Pärnu mnt. 30 (1935-1937) and Väike-Karja st. 7 (1936-1937, together with H. Berg).

Architecture of the New Baroque: Tallinn Town Hall (1937, with E. Brockner), Art Museum 1937-1938, with E.J. Contestant) and the Contest of the Estonian Embassy in Riga (1938, with H.Berg, II prize)

Jacoby's projects and activities in the 1920s have had a direct impact on the generation of underground architects that began work in the 1930s. (For example, A.Volberg)

Notable creations

  • Tallinn Girls' Commercial Gymnasium building with Aleksander Rosenberg, Estonia Puiestee 10 / Pärnu maantee 13, Tallinn (1913-1915)
  • Advent Church on the Sea Fountain in Tallinn (1923)
  • Erich Jacoby's own house on Wismari Street 11 (Villa Jacoby) (1923-1924)
  • Tallinn Jewish Gymnasium Building (1924)
  • Tallinn German Reale School Luise 1 (1928, reconstructed)
  • Tallinn water filter house on Järvevana road (1925-1927)
  • Cellulose Factory (1926-1928, now renovated Fahle House
  • Tuberculosis Anatomy on Põllu Street (1925-1931)

See also


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