Villafranchian

Villafranchian age is a period of geologic time (3.5—1.0 Ma)^[1]^[2]^:7 overlapping the end of the Pliocene and the beginning of the Pleistocene used more specifically with European Land Mammal Ages. Named by Italian geologist Lorenzo Pareto^[3] for a sequence of terrestrial sediments studied near Villafranca d'Asti, a town near Turin,^[4] it succeeds the Ruscinian age.

The Villafranchian is sub-divided into six faunal units based on the localities of Triversa, Montopoli, Saint-Vallier, Olivola, Tasso and Farnetta.^[2]^:149

A major division of both geological deposits and time, the Villafranchian is significant because the earliest hominids that clearly evolved into modern man (the australopithecines) appeared within it.^[4] The Villafranchian is partially contemporaneous with the Blancan Stage of North America.^[4]

Many animals and their extinct ancestors evolved during the Villafranchian, including the Red fox, Least weasel, Moorhen, Etruscan bear, and Tuscany lion.

References

↑ Rook, Lorenzo; Martínez-Navarro, Bienvenido (2010). "Villafranchian: The long story of a Plio-Pleistocene European large mammal biochronologic unit". Quaternary International. 219: 134. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2010.01.007.
1 2 The Pleistocene Boundary and the Beginning of the Quaternary edited by John A. Van Couvering. Cambridge University Press 1997
↑ Fossil Mammals of Asia: Neogene Biostratigraphy and Chronology, edited by Xiaoming Wang, Lawrence J. Flynn, Mikael Fortelius
1 2 3 http://archaeologywordsmith.com/lookup.php?category=&where=headword&terms=Villafranchian

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[1] Rook, Lorenzo; Martínez-Navarro, Bienvenido (2010). "Villafranchian: The long story of a Plio-Pleistocene European large mammal biochronologic unit". Quaternary International. 219: 134. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2010.01.007.

[couvering1997-2] 1 2 The Pleistocene Boundary and the Beginning of the Quaternary edited by John A. Van Couvering. Cambridge University Press 1997

[3] Fossil Mammals of Asia: Neogene Biostratigraphy and Chronology, edited by Xiaoming Wang, Lawrence J. Flynn, Mikael Fortelius

[Arch_word-4] 1 2 3 http://archaeologywordsmith.com/lookup.php?category=&where=headword&terms=Villafranchian