Economic miracle

Economic miracle is an informal economic term commonly used to refer to a period of dramatic economic development that is entirely unexpected or unexpectedly strong. The term has been used to describe periods in the recent histories of a number of countries, often those undergoing an economic boom, or described as a tiger economy.

Early modern period

• Dutch economic miracle of the 1600s (Dutch Republic's economy in its Golden Age), often considered by many as the very first modern economic miracle

Post-World War II

See Post–World War II economic expansion.

• Japanese economic miracle (c. 1945–1990)
• Trente Glorieuses (France, c. 1945–1975)
• Record years (Sweden, c. 1947–1974)
• Wirtschaftswunder (West Germany and Austria, c. 1950s–1970s)
• Mexican miracle (c. 1940s–1970s) (term not used by economists)
• Belgian economic miracle (1945–1948)
• Greek economic miracle (1950–1973)
• Italian economic miracle (c. 1950–1973)

Later

• Spanish miracle (1959–1974)
• Four Asian Tigers (South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore, c. 1960s-1990s)
  • Miracle on the Han River (South Korea, c. 1962-1997)
  • Taiwan Miracle (1961-2012)
• Tiger Cub Economies (Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, the Philippines and Vietnam)
• Brazilian Miracle (1968–1973)
• Chinese economic boom (1978–2015)
• Miracle of Chile (c. 1970s-present)
• Đổi Mới (Vietnam, 1986-present)
• Massachusetts Miracle (1980s)
• Anatolian Tigers (certain Turkish cities, c. 1980s)
• Gulf Tiger (Dubai city, c. 1990s-2008)
• Indian economic boom (1991–present)
• Celtic Tiger (Ireland, c. 1995-2007)
• Baltic Tiger (Estonia, Latvia, or Lithuania, c. 2000–2007)
• Tatra Tiger (Slovakia, 2002–2007)

Further reading

• Seliger, Bernhard (2010). "Theories of economic miracles" (PDF). Diskurs (01): 1–26.