EPDM rubber

Idealized EPDM polymer, red = ethylene-derived, blue = propylene-derived, black = ethylidene norbornene-derived.

EPDM rubber (ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber),[1][2][3] a type of synthetic rubber, is an elastomer characterized by a wide range of applications. This is an M-Class rubber where the 'M' in M-Class refers to its classification in ASTM standard D-1418; the M class includes rubbers having a saturated chain of the polyethylene type. Dienes used in the manufacture of EPDM rubbers are dicyclopentadiene (DCPD), ethylidene norbornene (ENB), and vinyl norbornene (VNB). EPDM rubber is closely related to ethylene propylene rubber: ethylene propylene rubber is a copolymer of ethylene and propylene, whereas EPDM rubber is a terpolymer of ethylene, propylene, and a diene-component.[4]

A roll of EPDM flashing with fleece on the back, used for waterproofing roofs

The ethylene content is around 45% to 85%. The higher the ethylene content, the higher the loading possibilities of the polymer, better mixing, and extrusion. Peroxide curing these polymers gives a higher crosslink density compared with their amorphous counterpart. The amorphous polymer is also excellent in processing. Processability is very much influenced by their molecular structure. The dienes, typically comprising from 2.5% to 12% by weight of the composition, serve as sites of cross-links when curing with sulphur and resin; with peroxide cures, the diene (or third monomer) functions as a coagent, which provides resistance to unwanted tackiness, creep, or flow during end use.

Properties

EPDM is compatible with polar substances, e.g. fireproof hydraulic fluids, ketones, hot and cold water, and alkalis. It is incompatible with most hydrocarbons, such as oils, kerosene, aromatic, gasoline, as well halogenated solvents. EPDM exhibits outstanding resistance to heat, ozone, steam and weather. It is an electrical insulator.

Typical properties of EPDM vulcanizates are given below. EPDM can be compounded to meet specific properties to a limit, depending first on the EPDM polymers available, then the processing and curing method(s) employed. EPDMs are available in a range of molecular weights (indicated in terms of Mooney viscosity ML(1+4) at 125 °C), varying levels of ethylene, third monomer, and oil content.

Mechanical properties of EPDM
Property Value
Appearance
Hardness, Shore A 40–90
Tensile failure stress, ultimate 25 MPa
Elongation after fracture in % ≥ 300%
Density Can be compounded from 0.90 to >2.00 g/cm3
Thermal properties of EPDM
Property Value
Coefficient of thermal expansion, linear[5] 160 µm/(m·K)
Maximum service temperature[6] 150 °C
Minimum service temperature[6] −50 °C
Glass transition temperature −54 °C

Uses

An EPDM rubber roof

A common use is in vehicles: door seals, window seals, trunk seals, and sometimes hood seals.[7] Frequently, these seals are the source of noise due to movement of the door against the car body and the resulting friction between the EPDM rubber and the mating surface (painted sheet metal or glass). This noise can be alleviated using specialty coatings that are applied at the time of manufacture of the weather seal. Such coatings can also improve the chemical resistance of EPDM rubber. Some vehicle manufacturers also recommend a light application of silicone dielectric grease to weatherstripping to reduce noise. Other uses in vehicles include cooling system circuit hoses where water pumps, thermostats, EGR valves, EGR coolers, heaters, oil coolers, radiators, and degas bottles are connected with EPDM hoses, as well as charge air tubing on turbocharged engines to connect the cold side of the charge air cooler (intercooler) to the intake manifold.

EPDM rubber is used in seals (for example, it is used in cold-room doors since it is an insulator, as well as in the face seals of industrial respirators in automotive paint spray environments. EPDM is also used in glass-run channels, radiators, garden, and appliance hose, tubing, pond liners, washers, belts, electrical insulation, vibrators, O-rings, solar panel heat collectors, and speaker cone surrounds.

It is also used as a medium for water resistance in electrical cable-jointing, roofing membranes (since it does not pollute the run-off rainwater, which is of vital importance for rainwater harvesting), geomembranes, rubber mechanical goods, plastic impact modification, thermoplastic, vulcanizates, and many other applications.[8][9] Colored EPDM granules are mixed with polyurethane binders and troweled or sprayed onto concrete, asphalt, screenings, interlocking brick, wood, etc. to create a non-slip, soft, porous safety surface for wet-deck areas such as pool decks and as safety surfacing under playground play equipment (designed to help lessen fall injury).

References

  1. ↑ Ravishankar, P.S. (2012). "Treatise on EPDM". Rubber Chemistry and Technology. 85. pp. 327–349.
  2. ↑ Green, Mark M.; Wittcoff, Harold A. (July 2003). Organic Chemistry Principles and Industrial Practice. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley. p. 170. ISBN 978-3-527-30289-5. In addition to natural rubber, many synthetic rubbers…such as…ethylene-propylene-diene monomer rubber…
  3. ↑ Louie, Douglas K. (2005). "Elastomers". Handbook of sulphuric acid manufacturing. Richmond Hill, Canada: DKL Engineering, Inc. pp. 16–116. ISBN 978-0-9738992-0-7. EPDM (Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer is a M class Rubber containing a saturated chain of the polyethylene type.
  4. ↑ Traz Ouhadi, Sabet Abdou-Sabet, Hans-Georg Wussow, Larry M. Ryan, Lawrence Plummer, Franz Erich Baumann, Jörg Lohmar, Hans F. Vermeire and Frédéric L.G. Malet (2014). "Thermoplastic Elastomers". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a26_633.pub4.
  5. ↑ "Designing with Rubber", Technical Documentation Orings (PDF), Eriks, p. 33
  6. 1 2 http://www.allsealsinc.com/oilsseals.html
  7. ↑ http://foamsealant.com.au/what-is-epdm-rubber-and-its-uses-for-automotive/
  8. ↑ Azom.com, Ethylene Propylene Rubbers, Friday, 20 April 2012
  9. ↑ iisrp, Ethylene-Propylene Rubbers & Elastomers, Friday, 20 April 2012
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.