Dyslipidemia

Dyslipidemia
Classification and external resources
Specialty Cardiology

Dyslipidemia is an abnormal amount of lipids (e.g. triglycerides, cholesterol and/or fat phospholipids) in the blood. In developed countries, most dyslipidemias are hyperlipidemias; that is, an elevation of lipids in the blood. This is often due to diet and lifestyle. Prolonged elevation of insulin levels can also lead to dyslipidemia. Likewise, increased levels of O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) may cause dyslipidemia.

Classification

Physicians and basic researchers classify dyslipidemias in two distinct ways:

  • Presentation in the body (including the specific type of lipid that is increased)
  • Underlying cause for the condition (genetic, or secondary to another condition). This classification can be problematic, because most conditions involve the intersection of genetics and lifestyle issues. However, there are a few well-defined genetic conditions that are usually easy to identify.

Fredrickson Classification:[1]

PhenotypeIIIaIIbIIIIVV
Elevated LipoproteinChylomicronLDLLDL and VLDLIDLVLDLVLDL and chylomicrons

Types

Increases Decreases
Lipid
Lipoprotein
Both

Screening

Testing the general population under the age of 40 without symptoms is of unclear benefit.[2][3]

Management

Statins Statin

Fibrates Fibrate

Resins

Ezetimibe

References

  1. ↑ Fredrickson DS, Lees RS. A system for phenotyping hyperlipoproteinemia. Circulation 1965;31:321-327.
  2. ↑ "Screening for Lipid Disorders in Children and Adolescents". JAMA. August 9, 2016. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.9852.
  3. ↑ Chou, R; Dana, T; Blazina, I; Daeges, M; Bougatsos, C; Jeanne, TL (18 October 2016). "Screening for Dyslipidemia in Younger Adults: A Systematic Review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force". Annals of Internal Medicine. 165 (8): 560–564. doi:10.7326/m16-0946. PMID 27538032.
Classification
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