Magic item (''Dungeons & Dragons'')

In the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game, a magic item is any object that has magical powers inherent in it. These may act on their own or be the tools of the character in whose hands they fall into. Magic items have been prevalent in the game in every edition and setting, from the original edition in 1974 until the modern fifth edition. In addition to jewels and gold coins, they form part of the treasure that the players often seek in a dungeon.[1] Magic items are generally found in treasure hoards, or recovered from fallen opponents; sometimes, a powerful or important magic item is the object of a quest.[2]

Artifacts

Major artifacts include the ones in the following table. They are generally unique and exist for a specific purpose. Less powerful or potent artifacts, or ones that are not unique, are generally called minor artifacts.

Artifact Campaign/Source Reference books
Acorn of Wo MaiForgotten Realms: The HordeBook of Artifacts (1993), Encyclopedia Magica Vol 1 (1994)
Al-Azid's Ghostly PalaceAl-Qadim: Secrets of the LampEncyclopedia Magica Vol 1 (1994)
All-Knowing Eye of Yasmin SiraAl-QadimBook of Artifacts (1993), Encyclopedia Magica Vol 2 (1995)
Andrathath's MaskForgotten RealmsCity of Splendors, Waterdeep (2005 or 2006)
Ankh of LifeForgotten Realms: FR10 Old EmpiresEncyclopedia Magica Vol 1 (1994)
Antennae of TriangulationSpelljammer: SJR2 Realmspace?Encyclopedia Magica Vol 1 (1994)
The ApparatusRavenloft: I10 The House on Gryphon HillBook of Artifacts (1993), Encyclopedia Magica Vol 1 (1994)
Apparatus of Dreadful ConstructionEncyclopedia Magica Vol 1 (1994)
Arm of DoomEncyclopedia Magica Vol 1 (1994)
Armet by WaylandD&D Master SetEncyclopedia Magica Vol 2 (1995, under "Helmet")
ArtifurnaceSpelljammer box setBook of Artifacts (1993), Encyclopedia Magica Vol 1 (1995, under "Helm")
Axe of the Dwarvish LordsGreyhawk: Eldritch Wizardry[3]Dungeon Master's Guide (1979),[4] Book of Artifacts (1993),[5] Encyclopedia Magica Vol 1 (1994),[6] Axe of the Dwarvish Lords (module, 1999)[7]
Axe of the EmperorsDragon Lance: DLR2 Taladas - The MinotaursBook of Artifacts (1993), Encyclopedia Magica Vol 1 (1994)
Baba Yaga's HutEldritch WizardryDungeon Master's Guide (1979), Book of Artifacts (1993), Encyclopedia Magica Vol 2 (1995)
Beacon of LightForgotten RealmsVolo's Guide to All Things Magical (1996)
Blackjammer's CutlassDragon Magazine #159Book of Artifacts (1993), Encyclopedia Magica Vol 4 (1995, under "Sword")
BlackrazorGreyhawk: White Plume MountainEncyclopedia Magica Vol 4 (1995, under "Sword")
Blood of LathanderForgotten Realms: Volo's Guide to the DalelandsVolo's Guide To All Things Magical (1996)
Blue StaffDragon Lance: Leaves from the Inn of the Last Home
Book of AmonHollow World: HWR2 Kingdom of NithiaEncyclopedia Magica Vol 1 (1994)
Book of ZargosHollow World: HWR3 The Milenian EmpireEncyclopedia Magica Vol 4 (1995, under "Spellbook")
Book With No EndDungeon Magazine #3Book of Artifacts (1993), Encyclopedia Magica Vol 3 (1995, under "Spellbook")
Bringer of DoomMonstrous Compendium: MC8 Outer Planes AppendixEncyclopedia Magica Vol 1 (1994, under "Box")
Bracers of InvulnerabilitySpelljammer: SJR2 Realmspace?Encyclopedia Magica Vol 1 (1994)
Calvan's BellForgotten Realms: LC4 Port of Ravens BluffEncyclopedia Magica Vol 2 (1995, under "Percussion Instrument")
Carven OakMystara: GAZ7 The Minrothad GuildsEncyclopedia Magica Vol 1 (1994)
Chariot of ReForgotten Realms: FR10 Old EmpiresEncyclopedia Magica Vol 1 (1994)
Chessmen of Ultham-UrreForgotten RealmsVolo's Guide To All Things Magical (1996)
Claw of Mighty SimurghD&D Master SetEncyclopedia Magica Vol 1 (1994)
Codex of the Infinite PlanesGreyhawk: Eldritch Wizardry[3]Dungeon Master's Guide (1979),[4] Book of Artifacts (1993),[5] Encyclopedia Magica Vol 2 (1995, under "Libram")[8]
Coin of Jisan the BountifulAl-QadimBook of Artifacts (1993), Encyclopedia Magica Vol 1 (1994)
Comb of the KorrigansD&D Master SetEncyclopedia Magica Vol 1 (1994)
CrenshinibonForgotten Realms: The Crystal Shard novelVolo's Guide To All Things Magical (1996)
Crown of HornsForgotten Realms: City of Splendors (1994)Volo's Guide To All Things Magical (1996)
Crown of SoulsRavenloft: RA1 Feast of GoblynsEncyclopedia Magica Vol 1 (1994)
Crystal of the Ebon FlameEldritch WizardryDungeon Master's Guide (1979), Book of Artifacts (1993), Encyclopedia Magica Vol 1 (1994)
Crystal WarriorKara-TurEncyclopedia Magica Vol 1 (1994)
Cup of Al-AkbarGreyhawk: Dungeon Master's Guide, I9 Day of Al'AkbarBook of Artifacts (1993), Encyclopedia Magica Vol 1 (1994)
CyrinishadForgotten Realms: Prince of Lies novel, Ruins of Zhentil KeepVolo's Guide To All Things Magical (1996)
Daoud's Wondrous LanthronGreyhawk: Lost Caverns of TsojcanthEncyclopedia Magica Vol 2 (1995, "Lamp")
DawnstoneForgotten RealmsVolo's Guide To All Things Magical (1996)
Death Moon OrbForgotten Realms: SpellboundVolo's Guide To All Things Magical (1996)
Death RockKara-TurBook of Artifacts (1993), Encyclopedia Magica Vol 3 (1995)
Delzoun's FistForgotten Realms: FR5 Savage FrontierEncyclopedia Magica Vol 2 (1995, under "Hammer")
DemonbaneDragon Magazine #91, Forgotten Realms: FR4 MagisterEncyclopedia Magica Vol 2 (1995, under "Sword" as "Fiendbane")
Diamond Orb of TycheD&D Master SetEncyclopedia Magica Vol 2 (1995)
Dragonking's EyeForgotten RealmsVolo's Guide To All Things Magical (1996)
EbonbaneDungeon Magazine #31Encyclopedia Magica Vol 4 (1995, under "Sword")
Egg of the PhoenixI12 Egg of the PhoenixEncyclopedia Magica Vol 2 (1995)
Eye of VecnaGreyhawk: Eldritch Wizardry[3]Dungeon Master's Guide (1979),[4] WGA4 - Vecna Lives! (1990),[9] Book of Artifacts (1993),[5] Encyclopedia Magica Vol 2 (1995)[8]
Fiery Brand of MassauwuD&D Master SetEncyclopedia Magica Vol 4 (1995, under "Torch")
Font of TimeForgotten Realms: FR10 Old EmpiresEncyclopedia Magica Vol 2 (1995, under "Fountain")
Fork of MephistophelesMonster Manual II (1982)Encyclopedia Magica Vol 3 (1995, under "Polearm")
Fountain of TomorrowHollow World: HWR3 The Milenian EmpireEncyclopedia Magica Vol 2 (1995)
Galley of the GodsForgotten Realms: FR10 Old EmpiresEncyclopedia Magica Vol 3 (1995, under "Ship")
Gatekeeper's CrystalForgotten RealmsVolo's Guide To All Things Magical (1996)
The GauntletGreyhawk: UK3 The GauntletEncyclopedia Magica Vol 2 (1995)
GhearufuNight Masks by R.A.SalvatoreThe Cleric Quintet
Girdle of ArmidaD&D Master SetEncyclopedia Magica Vol 2 (1995)
Girdle of De'RahM2 Vengeance of AlphaksEncyclopedia Magica Vol 2 (1995)
Golden CircletDragon Lance: Tales of the LanceEncyclopedia Magica Vol 1 (1994)
Gryylph Discoon's FingersLankhmar: LNR1 Wonders of LankhmarEncyclopedia Magica Vol 2 (1995)
Guardian's TearForgotten RealmsVolo's Guide To All Things Magical (1996)
Hammer of GesenForgotten Realms: The HordeBook of Artifacts (1993), Encyclopedia Magica Vol 2 (1995)
Hammer of KharasDragon Lance: Tales of the LanceEncyclopedia Magica Vol 2 (1995)
Hand of VecnaGreyhawk: Eldritch Wizardry[3]WGA4 - Vecna Lives! (1990),[9] Book of Artifacts (1993),[5]
Helm of HalavHollow World: HWR3 The Milenian EmpireEncyclopedia Magica Vol 2 (1995, under "Helmet")
Helm of PetraHollow World: HWR3 The Milenian EmpireEncyclopedia Magica Vol 2 (1995, under "Helmet")
Herald of Mei LungKara-Tur?Book of Artifacts (1993), Encyclopedia Magica Vol 4 (1995, under "Tome")
Heward's Mystical OrganGreyhawk: Dragon Magazine #29Dungeon Master's Guide (1989), Book of Artifacts (1993), Encyclopedia Magica Vol 4 (1995, under "Wind Instrument")
Horn of ChangeDungeon Master's Guide (1979)Book of Artifacts (1993), Encyclopedia Magica Vol 4 (1995, under "Wind Instrument")
Horn of GeryonMonster Manual (1977)
Horn of the Sacred GroveRavenloft: Castles ForlornEncyclopedia Magica Vol 4 (1995, under "Wind Instruments")
Humbaba's Glaring EyeD&D Master SetEncyclopedia Magica Vol 2 (1995)
Hymir's Steaming CauldronD&D Master SetEncyclopedia Magica Vol 1 (1994)
Icon of HalavHollow World: HWQ1 The Milenian ScepterEncyclopedia Magica Vol 2 (1995)
Icon of PetraHollow World: HWQ1 The Milenian ScepterEncyclopedia Magica Vol 2 (1995)
Ild's Astral TomeDungeon Magazine #10
Invulnerable Coat of ArndGreyhawk: Dungeon Master's Guide (1979)Book of Artifacts (1993), Encyclopedia Magica Vol 1 (1994)
Iron Bow of GesenForgotten Realms: The HordeBook of Artifacts (1993), Encyclopedia Magica Vol 1 (1994)
Iron Flask of Tuerny the MercilessGreyhawk: Eldritch WizardryDungeon Master's Guide (1979), Book of Artifacts (1993), Encyclopedia Magica Vol 2 (1995)
Iron Helm of HeroesForgotten RealmsVolo's Guide To All Things Magical (1996)
Ivory Chain of PaoKara-Tur?Book of Artifacts (1993), Encyclopedia Magica Vol 1 (1994)
Ivory Plume of MaatD&D Master SetEncyclopedia Magica Vol 1 (1994, under "Brooch")
Jacinth of Inestimable BeautyGreyhawk: Eldritch WizardryDungeon Master's Guide (1979), Book of Artifacts (1993), Encyclopedia Magica Vol 2 (1995)
Joyhdee's MaskGreyhawk: Dungeon Master's Guide (1979)Book of Artifacts (1993), Encyclopedia Magica Vol 2 (1995)
Kuroth's QuillGreyhawk: Dungeon Master's Guide (1979)Book of Artifacts (1993), Encyclopedia Magica Vol 3 (1995)
Lens of TransformationTemple of Elemental EvilEncyclopedia Magica Vol 2 (1995)
Living GemForgotten RealmsVolo's Guide To All Things Magical (1996)
Mace of CuthbertGreyhawk: Eldritch Wizardry,[3] Dragon Magazine #100[10]Book of Artifacts (1993),[5] Encyclopedia Magica Vol 2 (1995)[8]
Machine of Lum the MadGreyhawk: Eldritch WizardryDungeon Master's Guide (1979), Book of Artifacts (1993), Encyclopedia Magica Vol 2 (1995)
Mask of BachraeusD&D Rules CyclopediaEncyclopedia Magica Vol 2 (1995)
Master PlanHollow World: HRW2 Kingdom of NithiaEncyclopedia Magica Vol 2 (1995)
Mighty Servant of Leuk-oGreyhawk: Eldritch WizardryDungeon Master's Guide (1979), Book of Artifacts (1993), Encyclopedia Magica Vol 2 (1995)
Milenian ScepterHollow World: HWQ1 The Milenian ScepterEncyclopedia Magica Vol 3 (1995)
Military Fork of PainMonster Manual II (1982)Encyclopedia Magica Vol 3 (1995, under "Polearm")
Mirror-Shield of RheddrianMystara: Wrath of the ImmortalsEncyclopedia Magica Vol 3 (1995)
Moloch's WhipMonster Manual II (1982)Encyclopedia Magica Vol 4 (1995)
Monacle of BagthalosForgotten Realms?Book of Artifacts (1993), Encyclopedia Magica Vol 2 (1995)
Monkey Fist of Ha'chaoKara-TurEncyclopedia Magica Vol 2 (1995)
Necklace of LilithImagine Magazine #20Encyclopedia Magica Vol 2 (1995)
Necklace of UlutiuForgotten Realms: FR16 The Great GlacierEncyclopedia Magica Vol 2 (1995)
Obsidian Man of UrikDark SunBook of Artifacts (1993), Encyclopedia Magica Vol 2 (1995)
Orb of Golden DeathGreyhawk: Temple of Elemental EvilEncyclopedia Magica Vol 2 (1995)
Orbs of DragonkindGreyhawk: Eldritch WizardryDungeon Master's Guide (1979), Book of Artifacts (1993), Encyclopedia Magica Vol 2 (1995)
Ortnit's Lance of DoomD&D Master SetEncyclopedia Magica Vol 2 (1995)
Palm SignI4 Oasis of the White PalmEncyclopedia Magica Vol 1 (1994, under "Amulet")
Peaceful Periapt of PaxM5 Talons of the NightEncyclopedia Magica Vol 2 (1995)
PileusD&D Master SetEncyclopedia Magica Vol 1 (1994, under "Cap")
Porpherio's Garden PoolGreyhawk: UK1 Beyond the Crystal CaveEncyclopedia Magica Vol 3 (1995)
Psychometron of NeradDark SunBook of Artifacts (1993), Encyclopedia Magica Vol 3 (1995)
Pyramid EnergyHollow World: HRW2 Kingdom of NithiaEncyclopedia Magica Vol 3 (1995)
Queen Ehlissa's Marvelous NightengaleGreyhawk: Eldritch WizardryDungeon Master's Guide (1979), Book of Artifacts (1993), Encyclopedia Magica Vol 3 (1995)
Queen's EyeSpelljammer: SJA1 WildspaceEncyclopedia Magica Vol 2 (1995)
Rainbow Scarf of SinbadD&D Master SetEncyclopedia Magica Vol 3 (1995)
Recorder of Ye-CindGreyhawk: Dungeon Master's Guide (1979)Book of Artifacts (1993), Encyclopedia Magica Vol 4 (1995, under "Wind Instrument")
Regalia of MightGreyhawk: Eldritch WizardryDungeon Master's Guide (1979), Book of Artifacts (1993), Encyclopedia Magica Vol 3 (1995)
Rift SpannerRavenloft: Monstrous Compendium 2:Children of the NightEncyclopedia Magica Vol 3 (1995)
Ring of GaxxGreyhawk: Eldritch WizardryDungeon Master's Guide (1979), Book of Artifacts (1993), Encyclopedia Magica Vol 3 (1995)
Ring of WinterForgotten Realms: Heroes' LorebookVolo's Guide To All Things Magical (1996)
Rod of Seven PartsGreyhawk: Eldritch Wizardry[3]Dungeon Master's Guide (1979),[4] Dungeon Master's Guide (1989),[11] Book of Artifacts (1993),[5] Rod of Seven Parts boxed set,[12] Encyclopedia Magica Vol 3 (1995),[13] Arms and Equipment Guide (2003)[14]
Rod of TeethBook of Artifacts (1993)Encyclopedia Magica Vol 3 (1995)
Ruby Rod of AsmodeusMonster Manual (1977)Encyclopedia Magica Vol 3 (1995)
Scepter of SavrasForgotten Realms: Heroes' Lorebook?Volo's Guide To All Things Magical (1996)
Scepter of the Sorcerer-KingsForgotten RealmsBook of Artifacts (1993), Encyclopedia Magica Vol 3 (1995)
Scimitar of SoulsForgotten Realms: FA1 Halls of the High KingEncyclopedia Magica Vol 4 (1995, under "Sword")
Seal of Jafar al-SamalAl-QadimBook of Artifacts (1993), Encyclopedia Magica Vol 3 (1995)
The SentinelGreyhawk: UK3 The SentinelEncyclopedia Magica Vol 2 (1995, under "Glove")
Shadow BeltM4 Five Coins for a KingdomEncyclopedia Magica Vol 1 (1994)
Shard of SakkradD&D Master SetEncyclopedia Magica Vol 1 (1994, under "Crystal")
Sibylline BookD&D Master SetEncyclopedia Magica Vol 3 (1995, under "Spellbook")
Silencer of BodachDark SunBook of Artifacts (1993), Encyclopedia Magica Vol 4 (1995, under "Sword
Staff of Fraz-Urb'luuGreyhawk: Lost Caverns of TsojcanthMonster Manual II (1982), Encyclopedia Magica Vol 4 (1995), Dragon Magazine #333
Staff of the Lower PlanesMonster Manual II (1982)
Starym MoonbladeForgotten Realms: FOR5 Elves of EvermeetVolo's Guide To All Things Magical (1996)
Stone of GulDungeon Magazine #30Encyclopedia Magica Vol 4 (1995)
Stone Scepter of ShihBlack CourserEncyclopedia Magica Vol 3 (1995)
Sword of KasGreyhawk: Eldritch Wizardry[3]WGA4 - Vecna Lives! (1990),[9] Book of Artifacts (1993),[5] Encyclopedia Magica Vol 4 (1995)[15]
Talisman of Al-AkbarGreyhawk: Dungeon Master's Guide, I9 Day of Al'AkbarBook of Artifacts (1993), Encyclopedia Magica Vol 4 (1995)
Tear of SeluneForgotten RealmsVolo's Guide To All Things Magical (1996)
Teeth of Dahlvar-NarGreyhawk: Dungeon Master's Guide (1979)Book of Artifacts (1993), Encyclopedia Magica Vol 4 (1995, under "Tooth")
Thakorsol's SeatForgotten Realms: SpellboundVolo's Guide To All Things Magical (1996)
Throne of the GodsEldritch WizardryDungeon Master's Guide (1979), Book of Artifacts (1993), Encyclopedia Magica Vol 4 (1995)
Timepiece of KlorrRavenloft: Forbidden LoreEncyclopedia Magica Vol 4 (1995)
Tome of Ssu-MaD&D Master SetEncyclopedia Magica Vol 4 (1995)
Triad of BetrayalDragon Lance: Tales of the LanceBook of Artifacts (1993), Encyclopedia Magica Vol 4 (1995)
Tree of LifeMystara: GAZ5 The Elves of AlfheimEncyclopedia Magica Vol 4 (1995)
Underworld ScepterDungeon Magazine #12
Verthandi's Invincible HourglassD&D Master SetEncyclopedia Magica Vol 2 (1995)
Wand of OrcusEldritch Wizardry[3]Monster Manual (1977),[16] Encyclopedia Magica Vol 4 (1995)[15]
WaveGreyhawk: White Plume MountainEncyclopedia Magica Vol 3 (1995, under "Polearm")
Well of All HealsGreyhawk: Treasures of GreyhawkEncyclopedia Magica Vol 4 (1995)
WhelmGreyhawk: White Plume MountainEncyclopedia Magica Vol 2 (1995, under "Hammer")
Wife of IlmarinenD&D Master SetEncyclopedia Magica Vol 4 (1995)
WindwalkerForgotten Realms: Heroes' LorebookVolo's Guide To All Things Magical (1996)
World-Shield OreHollow World: HWA2 NightrageEncyclopedia Magica Vol 4 (1995)
Wyvern Crown of CormyrForgotten RealmsVolo's Guide To All Things Magical (1996)
Yuthla the Eye of the BeholderForgotten RealmsVolo's Guide To All Things Magical (1996)
Zeladazar the Ghost SwordForgotten RealmsVolo's Guide To All Things Magical (1996)

Overview of magic items by edition

1st edition AD&D

In the first edition, all artifacts are classed as miscellaneous magic items, even ones that are weapons, armor, or rings. Each artifact has a certain number of Minor, Major, and Prime Powers, and of Minor, Major, and Side Effects which trigger when the item is acquired, or its Major and Prime Powers are used. The powers and effects are selected by the DM from a set of lists, so that players cannot predict the artifact's powers.[17]

4th edition

Ritual scrolls are single use consumable items, each of which contains a specific ritual (4th edition's equivalent of non-combat spells), halves the time required to perform that ritual and allows it to be performed without a ritual book. After it has been expended, a ritual scroll crumbles to dust. Unlike the scrolls of previous editions, 4th edition's scrolls are not classified as magical items.[18]

Examples

Ioun stones (pronounced EYE-oon[19]) are based on similar artifacts from Jack Vance's Dying Earth series.[20] When functioning, they float in a circular pattern around their bearer's head, and grant various benefits based on their color and shape. Two stones of the same type will repel each other, and when drained of power, a stone becomes a dull grey, but still possesses the characteristic floating. While useless to a mage, burned out stones can still yield a single psionic power point to a psionic character in 3rd and 3.5 editions. In the original Jack Vance stories Ioun stones are highly prized by arch-magicians, and are acquired from a race known as the archveults, who mine them from remnants of dead stars (in his book Rhialto the Marvellous). In 2E Dungeons & Dragons it had been conjectured in Dragon magazine that Ioun stones instead come from the Positive Material Plane. Dragon #174 featured an article that included many dozens of new types of ioun stone,[21] as well as an article about an elemental lord who hoards ioun stones on his home plane of radiance.[22] Under 3.0/3.5 editions of the rules they are instead manufactured by spellcasters in the same manner as other magical items.

References

  1. Fine, Gary Alan (1983). Shared Fantasy: Role-playing Games as Social Worlds. University of Chicago Press. p. 16. ISBN 0-226-24944-1.
  2. Livingstone, Ian (1982). Dicing with Dragons. Routledge. p. 80. ISBN 0-7100-9466-3.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Gygax, Gary; Brian Blume (1976). Eldritch Wizardry. Lake Geneva, WI: TSR, Inc.
  4. 1 2 3 4 Gygax, Gary (1979). Dungeon Master's Guide: Essential Reference Information for Gamemastering Advanced D&D. Lake Geneva, WI: TSR, Inc. p. 156. ISBN 0-935696-02-4.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Cook, David (1993). Book of Artifacts. Lake Geneva, WI: TSR, Inc. ISBN 1-56076-672-7.
  6. Henson, Dale; Doug Stewart (1994). Encyclopedia Magica, Volume 1. Lake Geneva, WI: TSR, Inc. pp. 115–116. ISBN 1-56076-842-8.
  7. Williams, Skip (1999). Axe of the Dwarvish Lords. Renton, WA: TSR, Inc. ISBN 0-7869-1347-9.
  8. 1 2 3 Henson, Dale, and Doug Stewart, eds. Encyclopedia Magica Vol 2 (TSR, 1995)
  9. 1 2 3 Cook, David. Vecna Lives! (TSR, 1990)
  10. Schroeck, Robert. "The City Beyond the Gate". Dragon #100 (TSR, 1985)
  11. Cook, David. Dungeon Master's Guide (TSR, 1989)
  12. Williams, Skip (1996), The Rod of Seven Parts, Lake Geneva, WI: TSR, ISBN 0-7869-0418-6
  13. Henson, Dale, and Doug Stewart, eds. Encyclopedia Magica Vol 3 (TSR, 1995)
  14. Cagle, Eric, Jesse Decker, Jeff Quick, and James Wyatt Arms and Equipment Guide (Wizards of the Coast, 2003)
  15. 1 2 Henson, Dale, and Doug Stewart, eds. Encyclopedia Magica Vol 4. (TSR, 1995)
  16. Gygax, Gary. Monster Manual (TSR, 1977)
  17. "This prevents players from gaining any knowledge of these items, even if they happen to own or read a copy of this volume, and it also makes each artifact and relic distinct from campaign to campaign." from Dungeon Master's Guide (first edition)
  18. http://www.wizards.com/dnd/Article.aspx?x=dnd/4ex/20080528a
  19. "Dungeons & Dragons FAQ". Wizards of the Coast. Archived from the original on 2008-10-03. Retrieved 2008-10-03.
  20. "The idea and name for the ioun stone originally appeared in a series of books written by Jack Vance. Collectively, these works are referred to as the Dying Earth novels. They include: The Dying Earth, Eyes of the Overworld, Cugel’s Saga, and Rhialto the Marvelous." (Hargenrader 1991, "Bazaar", p 90)
  21. Hargenrader, Matthew P. (October 1991). "Bazaar of the Bizarre: Ioun stones: Where do you go if you want some more?". Dragon Magazine (174). TSR, Inc. pp. 90–94.
  22. Hargenrader, Matthew P. "The Dragon's Bestiary" Dragon #174. (TSR, 1991).
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