Climate of Russia
The climate of Russia is formed under the influence of several determining factors. The enormous size of the country and the remoteness of many areas from the sea result in the dominance of the continental climate, which is prevalent in European and Asian Russia except for the tundra and the best extreme southeast. Mountains in the south obstructing the flow of warm air masses from the Indian Ocean and the plain of the west and north makes the country open to Arctic and Atlantic influences.[1][2]
Köppen climate types of Russia
Dynamics
Due to the moderating influence of the Atlantic or Pacific, most areas of the country in European Russia, in the south of West Siberia and in the south of the Russian Far East, including the cities of Moscow and Saint Petersburg, experience a humid continental climate. (Köppen's Dfb, Dfa, Dwb, Dwa types). Most of Northern European Russia and Siberia between the Scandinavian Peninsula and the Pacific Ocean has a subarctic climate, with extremely severe winters (Dfd, Dwd) in the inner regions of Northeast Siberia (mostly the Sakha Republic, where the Northern Pole of Cold is located with the record low temperature of −69 °C or −92.2 °F), and more moderate (Dwc, Dfc) elsewhere.
The strip of land along the shore of the Arctic Ocean, as well as the Arctic islands, have a polar climate (ice cap climate (EF) on some of the islands and tundra climate (ET) elsewhere). A small portion of the Black Sea coast, most notably in Sochi, possesses a humid subtropical climate (Köppen's Cfa) with unusually wet winters. Winter is dry compared to summer in many regions of East Siberia and the Far East (Dwa, Dwb, Dwc, Dwd types), while other parts of the country experience more even precipitation across seasons. Winter precipitation in most parts of the country usually falls as snow. The region along the Lower Volga and Caspian Sea coast, as well as some areas of southernmost Siberia, possess a semi-arid climate (BSk). The city of Kaliningrad has an Oceanic climate (Cfb) due to its relatively mild (avg. above -3C) winters and cool summers.
About 65% of the Russian territory is underlain by permafrost.
Temperature records
| Climate data for Russia | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 26.6 (79.9) |
26.6 (79.9) |
33.5 (92.3) |
37.2 (99) |
39.0 (102.2) |
43.4 (110.1) |
45.4 (113.7) |
45.0 (113) |
41.3 (106.3) |
36.3 (97.3) |
30.1 (86.2) |
27.5 (81.5) |
45.4 (113.7) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −67.8 (−90) |
−71.2 (−96.2) |
−60.6 (−77.1) |
−57.5 (−71.5) |
−34.2 (−29.6) |
−15.1 (4.8) |
−11.3 (11.7) |
−17.1 (1.2) |
−25.7 (−14.3) |
−48.7 (−55.7) |
−58.5 (−73.3) |
−64.8 (−84.6) |
−71.2 (−96.2) |
| Source #1: Pogoda.ru.net - Climate Monitor[3] — Meteo.ru - Baseline Climatological Data Sets[4] | |||||||||||||
| Source #2: NOAA NCDC - Climate Data Online[5] | |||||||||||||
Averages and records by city
| Climate data for Arkhangelsk | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 5.0 (41) |
5.2 (41.4) |
12.1 (53.8) |
25.3 (77.5) |
30.2 (86.4) |
33.0 (91.4) |
34.4 (93.9) |
33.4 (92.1) |
27.7 (81.9) |
18.3 (64.9) |
9.7 (49.5) |
5.8 (42.4) |
34.4 (93.9) |
| Average high °C (°F) | −9.2 (15.4) |
−7.7 (18.1) |
−1.2 (29.8) |
5.4 (41.7) |
12.5 (54.5) |
18.7 (65.7) |
21.8 (71.2) |
18.0 (64.4) |
12.2 (54) |
4.8 (40.6) |
−2.5 (27.5) |
−6.4 (20.5) |
5.5 (41.9) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −16.5 (2.3) |
−15.2 (4.6) |
−9.4 (15.1) |
−3.9 (25) |
2.2 (36) |
7.7 (45.9) |
11.3 (52.3) |
8.9 (48) |
5.1 (41.2) |
0.1 (32.2) |
−7.7 (18.1) |
−13.4 (7.9) |
−2.6 (27.3) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −45.2 (−49.4) |
−41.2 (−42.2) |
−37.1 (−34.8) |
−27.3 (−17.1) |
−13.7 (7.3) |
−3.9 (25) |
−0.5 (31.1) |
−4.1 (24.6) |
−7.5 (18.5) |
−21.1 (−6) |
−36.5 (−33.7) |
−43.2 (−45.8) |
−45.2 (−49.4) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 38 (1.5) |
29 (1.14) |
30 (1.18) |
30 (1.18) |
49 (1.93) |
61 (2.4) |
73 (2.87) |
70 (2.76) |
61 (2.4) |
66 (2.6) |
53 (2.09) |
46 (1.81) |
606 (23.86) |
| Source: Pogoda.ru.net[6] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Chita | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 0.4 (32.7) |
7.5 (45.5) |
18.3 (64.9) |
26.9 (80.4) |
36.9 (98.4) |
43.2 (109.8) |
43.0 (109.4) |
40.9 (105.6) |
35.0 (95) |
26.0 (78.8) |
12.7 (54.9) |
3.3 (37.9) |
43.2 (109.8) |
| Average high °C (°F) | −17.6 (0.3) |
−10.0 (14) |
−0.7 (30.7) |
9.1 (48.4) |
17.8 (64) |
24.3 (75.7) |
25.9 (78.6) |
23.0 (73.4) |
16.4 (61.5) |
6.8 (44.2) |
−6.0 (21.2) |
−15.4 (4.3) |
6.1 (43) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −31.2 (−24.2) |
−27.1 (−16.8) |
−16.9 (1.6) |
−5.5 (22.1) |
1.6 (34.9) |
8.7 (47.7) |
12.3 (54.1) |
10.1 (50.2) |
2.3 (36.1) |
−6.2 (20.8) |
−18.3 (−0.9) |
−27.3 (−17.1) |
−8.1 (17.4) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −49.6 (−57.3) |
−48.0 (−54.4) |
−45.3 (−49.5) |
−29.6 (−21.3) |
−13.3 (8.1) |
−5.4 (22.3) |
0.1 (32.2) |
−3.0 (26.6) |
−10.7 (12.7) |
−33.1 (−27.6) |
−41.1 (−42) |
−47.8 (−54) |
−49.6 (−57.3) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 3 (0.12) |
2 (0.08) |
3 (0.12) |
12 (0.47) |
26 (1.02) |
63 (2.48) |
90 (3.54) |
89 (3.5) |
41 (1.61) |
9 (0.35) |
6 (0.24) |
5 (0.2) |
349 (13.74) |
| Source: Pogoda.ru.net[7] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Irkutsk | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 2.3 (36.1) |
10.2 (50.4) |
20.0 (68) |
29.2 (84.6) |
34.5 (94.1) |
35.0 (95) |
37.2 (99) |
34.1 (93.4) |
29.0 (84.2) |
24.5 (76.1) |
14.1 (57.4) |
4.6 (40.3) |
37.2 (99) |
| Average high °C (°F) | −12.8 (9) |
−7.8 (18) |
0.3 (32.5) |
9.4 (48.9) |
18.1 (64.6) |
22.7 (72.9) |
24.8 (76.6) |
22.2 (72) |
15.7 (60.3) |
7.7 (45.9) |
−2.7 (27.1) |
−10.6 (12.9) |
7.3 (45.1) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −21.8 (−7.2) |
−19.6 (−3.3) |
−12.2 (10) |
−2.8 (27) |
3.6 (38.5) |
9.3 (48.7) |
13.0 (55.4) |
10.9 (51.6) |
4.3 (39.7) |
−2.5 (27.5) |
−11.6 (11.1) |
−19.1 (−2.4) |
−4.0 (24.8) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −49.7 (−57.5) |
−44.7 (−48.5) |
−37.3 (−35.1) |
−31.8 (−25.2) |
−14.3 (6.3) |
−6.0 (21.2) |
0.4 (32.7) |
−2.7 (27.1) |
−11.9 (10.6) |
−30.5 (−22.9) |
−40.4 (−40.7) |
−46.3 (−51.3) |
−49.7 (−57.5) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 13 (0.51) |
8 (0.31) |
12 (0.47) |
18 (0.71) |
37 (1.46) |
78 (3.07) |
114 (4.49) |
91 (3.58) |
52 (2.05) |
21 (0.83) |
20 (0.79) |
16 (0.63) |
480 (18.9) |
| Source: Pogoda.ru.net[8] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Kaliningrad | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 12.7 (54.9) |
15.6 (60.1) |
23.0 (73.4) |
31.7 (89.1) |
30.6 (87.1) |
33.5 (92.3) |
36.3 (97.3) |
36.5 (97.7) |
31.2 (88.2) |
26.4 (79.5) |
19.4 (66.9) |
13.3 (55.9) |
36.5 (97.7) |
| Average high °C (°F) | −0.3 (31.5) |
0.1 (32.2) |
4.5 (40.1) |
11.1 (52) |
17.2 (63) |
20.6 (69.1) |
22.1 (71.8) |
21.7 (71.1) |
17.4 (63.3) |
11.9 (53.4) |
5.5 (41.9) |
1.9 (35.4) |
11.2 (52.2) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −5.4 (22.3) |
−5.4 (22.3) |
−2.3 (27.9) |
2.3 (36.1) |
6.8 (44.2) |
10.7 (51.3) |
13.0 (55.4) |
12.5 (54.5) |
9.2 (48.6) |
5.1 (41.2) |
1.0 (33.8) |
−2.6 (27.3) |
3.8 (38.8) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −32.5 (−26.5) |
−33.3 (−27.9) |
−21.7 (−7.1) |
−5.4 (22.3) |
−3.1 (26.4) |
0.7 (33.3) |
4.5 (40.1) |
1.6 (34.9) |
−2.0 (28.4) |
−11.2 (11.8) |
−18.7 (−1.7) |
−25.6 (−14.1) |
−33.3 (−27.9) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 57 (2.24) |
40 (1.57) |
43 (1.69) |
37 (1.46) |
53 (2.09) |
71 (2.8) |
80 (3.15) |
90 (3.54) |
89 (3.5) |
79 (3.11) |
91 (3.58) |
73 (2.87) |
803 (31.61) |
| Source: Pogoda.ru.net[9] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Khabarovsk | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 0.2 (32.4) |
6.3 (43.3) |
17.0 (62.6) |
24.8 (76.6) |
31.6 (88.9) |
32.8 (91) |
38.3 (100.9) |
35.6 (96.1) |
28.9 (84) |
25.8 (78.4) |
15.5 (59.9) |
6.6 (43.9) |
38.3 (100.9) |
| Average high °C (°F) | −16.9 (1.6) |
−12.0 (10.4) |
−2.3 (27.9) |
9.2 (48.6) |
17.7 (63.9) |
23.2 (73.8) |
26.1 (79) |
24.4 (75.9) |
18.4 (65.1) |
9.6 (49.3) |
−3.5 (25.7) |
−14.0 (6.8) |
6.8 (44.2) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −24.4 (−11.9) |
−20.9 (−5.6) |
−11.8 (10.8) |
−0.6 (30.9) |
6.5 (43.7) |
12.8 (55) |
16.8 (62.2) |
15.8 (60.4) |
9.3 (48.7) |
0.7 (33.3) |
−11.1 (12) |
−21.0 (−5.8) |
−2.2 (28) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −38.9 (−38) |
−35.1 (−31.2) |
−28.9 (−20) |
−15.1 (4.8) |
−3.1 (26.4) |
2.4 (36.3) |
7.9 (46.2) |
4.8 (40.6) |
−3.3 (26.1) |
−15.6 (3.9) |
−27.4 (−17.3) |
−36.7 (−34.1) |
−38.9 (−38) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 15 (0.59) |
11 (0.43) |
17 (0.67) |
43 (1.69) |
58 (2.28) |
82 (3.23) |
144 (5.67) |
154 (6.06) |
89 (3.5) |
51 (2.01) |
23 (0.91) |
18 (0.71) |
705 (27.76) |
| Source: Pogoda.ru.net[10] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Krasnoyarsk | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 6.0 (42.8) |
8.5 (47.3) |
17.5 (63.5) |
31.4 (88.5) |
33.4 (92.1) |
34.8 (94.6) |
36.2 (97.2) |
35.1 (95.2) |
31.3 (88.3) |
24.5 (76.1) |
13.6 (56.5) |
8.6 (47.5) |
36.2 (97.2) |
| Average high °C (°F) | −11.9 (10.6) |
−10.3 (13.5) |
−2.1 (28.2) |
6.9 (44.4) |
15.3 (59.5) |
22.1 (71.8) |
24.3 (75.7) |
21.0 (69.8) |
14.4 (57.9) |
6.1 (43) |
−4.5 (23.9) |
−10.7 (12.7) |
6.0 (42.8) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −20.3 (−4.5) |
−19.2 (−2.6) |
−11.8 (10.8) |
−3.2 (26.2) |
3.7 (38.7) |
10.1 (50.2) |
13.1 (55.6) |
10.6 (51.1) |
4.7 (40.5) |
−2.0 (28.4) |
−12.0 (10.4) |
−19.1 (−2.4) |
−3.6 (25.5) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −52.8 (−63) |
−40.8 (−41.4) |
−38.7 (−37.7) |
−25.7 (−14.3) |
−10.6 (12.9) |
−3.6 (25.5) |
3.3 (37.9) |
−1.2 (29.8) |
−9.6 (14.7) |
−25.1 (−13.2) |
−42.3 (−44.1) |
−47.0 (−52.6) |
−52.8 (−63) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 15 (0.59) |
13 (0.51) |
15 (0.59) |
26 (1.02) |
47 (1.85) |
58 (2.28) |
80 (3.15) |
68 (2.68) |
41 (1.61) |
41 (1.61) |
37 (1.46) |
26 (1.02) |
467 (18.39) |
| Source: Pogoda.ru.net[11] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Moscow (VVC) normals 1981–2010, records 1879 – the present | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 8.6 (47.5) |
8.3 (46.9) |
19.7 (67.5) |
28.9 (84) |
33.2 (91.8) |
34.9 (94.8) |
38.2 (100.8) |
37.3 (99.1) |
32.3 (90.1) |
24.0 (75.2) |
16.2 (61.2) |
9.6 (49.3) |
38.2 (100.8) |
| Average high °C (°F) | −4 (25) |
−3.7 (25.3) |
2.6 (36.7) |
11.3 (52.3) |
18.6 (65.5) |
22.0 (71.6) |
24.3 (75.7) |
21.9 (71.4) |
15.7 (60.3) |
8.7 (47.7) |
0.9 (33.6) |
−3 (27) |
9.6 (49.3) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −6.5 (20.3) |
−6.7 (19.9) |
−1 (30) |
6.7 (44.1) |
13.2 (55.8) |
17.0 (62.6) |
19.2 (66.6) |
17.0 (62.6) |
11.3 (52.3) |
5.6 (42.1) |
−1.2 (29.8) |
−5.2 (22.6) |
5.8 (42.4) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −9.1 (15.6) |
−9.8 (14.4) |
−4.4 (24.1) |
2.2 (36) |
7.7 (45.9) |
12.1 (53.8) |
14.4 (57.9) |
12.5 (54.5) |
7.4 (45.3) |
2.7 (36.9) |
−3.3 (26.1) |
−7.6 (18.3) |
2.1 (35.8) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −42.1 (−43.8) |
−38.2 (−36.8) |
−32.4 (−26.3) |
−21 (−6) |
−7.5 (18.5) |
−2.3 (27.9) |
1.3 (34.3) |
−1.2 (29.8) |
−8.5 (16.7) |
−16.1 (3) |
−32.8 (−27) |
−38.8 (−37.8) |
−42.1 (−43.8) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 52 (2.05) |
41 (1.61) |
35 (1.38) |
37 (1.46) |
49 (1.93) |
80 (3.15) |
85 (3.35) |
82 (3.23) |
68 (2.68) |
71 (2.8) |
55 (2.17) |
52 (2.05) |
707 (27.86) |
| Average rainy days | 0.8 | 0.7 | 3 | 9 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 12 | 6 | 2 | 105.5 |
| Average snowy days | 18 | 15 | 9 | 1 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 2 | 10 | 17 | 72.2 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 83 | 80 | 74 | 67 | 64 | 70 | 74 | 77 | 81 | 81 | 84 | 85 | 77 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 33 | 72 | 128 | 170 | 265 | 279 | 271 | 238 | 147 | 78 | 32 | 18 | 1,731 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 14 | 27 | 35 | 40 | 53 | 53 | 52 | 51 | 38 | 24 | 13 | 8 | 34 |
| Source: [12] [13] [14][15] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Murmansk | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 7.0 (44.6) |
6.6 (43.9) |
9.0 (48.2) |
16.9 (62.4) |
29.4 (84.9) |
30.8 (87.4) |
32.9 (91.2) |
29.1 (84.4) |
24.2 (75.6) |
15.0 (59) |
9.6 (49.3) |
7.2 (45) |
32.9 (91.2) |
| Average high °C (°F) | −6.8 (19.8) |
−6.7 (19.9) |
−2.4 (27.7) |
2.6 (36.7) |
7.6 (45.7) |
13.6 (56.5) |
17.3 (63.1) |
14.9 (58.8) |
10.0 (50) |
3.6 (38.5) |
−2.4 (27.7) |
−5.3 (22.5) |
3.8 (38.8) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −13.0 (8.6) |
−12.8 (9) |
−8.6 (16.5) |
−3.8 (25.2) |
1.1 (34) |
5.7 (42.3) |
9.2 (48.6) |
8.0 (46.4) |
4.5 (40.1) |
−0.4 (31.3) |
−7.1 (19.2) |
−11.2 (11.8) |
−2.4 (27.7) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −39.4 (−38.9) |
−38.6 (−37.5) |
−32.6 (−26.7) |
−21.7 (−7.1) |
−10.4 (13.3) |
−2.5 (27.5) |
1.7 (35.1) |
−2.0 (28.4) |
−5.4 (22.3) |
−21.2 (−6.2) |
−30.5 (−22.9) |
−35.0 (−31) |
−39.4 (−38.9) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 30 (1.18) |
22 (0.87) |
23 (0.91) |
24 (0.94) |
36 (1.42) |
54 (2.13) |
70 (2.76) |
61 (2.4) |
52 (2.05) |
51 (2.01) |
38 (1.5) |
34 (1.34) |
495 (19.49) |
| Source: Pogoda.ru.net[16] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Nizhny Novgorod | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 5.5 (41.9) |
7.0 (44.6) |
17.3 (63.1) |
26.3 (79.3) |
32.5 (90.5) |
36.3 (97.3) |
36.4 (97.5) |
36.0 (96.8) |
31.0 (87.8) |
24.2 (75.6) |
13.2 (55.8) |
8.5 (47.3) |
36.4 (97.5) |
| Average high °C (°F) | −8.1 (17.4) |
−7.2 (19) |
−1.1 (30) |
8.9 (48) |
17.3 (63.1) |
22.0 (71.6) |
23.6 (74.5) |
21.8 (71.2) |
15.3 (59.5) |
6.8 (44.2) |
−0.7 (30.7) |
−5.9 (21.4) |
7.9 (46.2) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −14.5 (5.9) |
−13.8 (7.2) |
−8.2 (17.2) |
0.7 (33.3) |
7.5 (45.5) |
12.0 (53.6) |
14.3 (57.7) |
12.5 (54.5) |
7.3 (45.1) |
1.1 (34) |
−5.4 (22.3) |
−11.6 (11.1) |
0.2 (32.4) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −41.2 (−42.2) |
−37.2 (−35) |
−28.3 (−18.9) |
−19.7 (−3.5) |
−6.9 (19.6) |
−1.8 (28.8) |
5.1 (41.2) |
0.9 (33.6) |
−5.4 (22.3) |
−16.0 (3.2) |
−29.4 (−20.9) |
−41.4 (−42.5) |
−41.4 (−42.5) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 40 (1.57) |
33 (1.3) |
28 (1.1) |
36 (1.42) |
52 (2.05) |
64 (2.52) |
76 (2.99) |
67 (2.64) |
57 (2.24) |
59 (2.32) |
56 (2.2) |
50 (1.97) |
618 (24.33) |
| Source: Pogoda.ru.net[17] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Saint Petersburg (1971 - 2000) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 8.6 (47.5) |
10.2 (50.4) |
14.9 (58.8) |
25.3 (77.5) |
30.9 (87.6) |
34.6 (94.3) |
35.3 (95.5) |
37.1 (98.8) |
30.4 (86.7) |
21.0 (69.8) |
12.3 (54.1) |
10.9 (51.6) |
37.1 (98.8) |
| Average high °C (°F) | −3.6 (25.5) |
−3.3 (26.1) |
1.8 (35.2) |
8.5 (47.3) |
15.6 (60.1) |
20.2 (68.4) |
22.2 (72) |
20.2 (68.4) |
14.4 (57.9) |
8.1 (46.6) |
1.8 (35.2) |
−1.7 (28.9) |
8.8 (47.8) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −6.1 (21) |
−6.0 (21.2) |
−1.4 (29.5) |
4.4 (39.9) |
10.9 (51.6) |
15.8 (60.4) |
18.1 (64.6) |
16.4 (61.5) |
11.0 (51.8) |
5.6 (42.1) |
−0.1 (31.8) |
−3.9 (25) |
5.4 (41.7) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −8.8 (16.2) |
−8.8 (16.2) |
−4.2 (24.4) |
1.0 (33.8) |
6.6 (43.9) |
11.8 (53.2) |
14.4 (57.9) |
13.0 (55.4) |
8.1 (46.6) |
3.4 (38.1) |
−2.1 (28.2) |
−6.4 (20.5) |
2.4 (36.3) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −35.9 (−32.6) |
−35.2 (−31.4) |
−29.9 (−21.8) |
−21.8 (−7.2) |
−6.6 (20.1) |
0.1 (32.2) |
4.9 (40.8) |
1.3 (34.3) |
−3.1 (26.4) |
−12.9 (8.8) |
−22.2 (−8) |
−34.4 (−29.9) |
−35.9 (−32.6) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 40 (1.57) |
31 (1.22) |
35 (1.38) |
33 (1.3) |
38 (1.5) |
64 (2.52) |
78 (3.07) |
77 (3.03) |
67 (2.64) |
65 (2.56) |
56 (2.2) |
49 (1.93) |
633 (24.92) |
| Source: Pogoda.ru.net[18] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Samara | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 4.2 (39.6) |
6.8 (44.2) |
15.8 (60.4) |
31.1 (88) |
34.4 (93.9) |
39.6 (103.3) |
39.0 (102.2) |
37.7 (99.9) |
34.2 (93.6) |
26.0 (78.8) |
14.0 (57.2) |
7.3 (45.1) |
39.6 (103.3) |
| Average high °C (°F) | −9.3 (15.3) |
−8.1 (17.4) |
−1.7 (28.9) |
11.0 (51.8) |
20.3 (68.5) |
24.6 (76.3) |
26.0 (78.8) |
24.5 (76.1) |
18.2 (64.8) |
8.4 (47.1) |
−0.7 (30.7) |
−6.3 (20.7) |
9.0 (48.2) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −15.9 (3.4) |
−15.4 (4.3) |
−8.8 (16.2) |
1.9 (35.4) |
9.2 (48.6) |
13.8 (56.8) |
15.7 (60.3) |
14.0 (57.2) |
8.6 (47.5) |
1.4 (34.5) |
−5.7 (21.7) |
−12.1 (10.2) |
0.6 (33.1) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −43.0 (−45.4) |
−36.9 (−34.4) |
−31.4 (−24.5) |
−20.9 (−5.6) |
−4.9 (23.2) |
−0.4 (31.3) |
2.0 (35.6) |
2.3 (36.1) |
−3.4 (25.9) |
−27.3 (−17.1) |
−28.1 (−18.6) |
−41.3 (−42.3) |
−43.0 (−45.4) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 46 (1.81) |
35 (1.38) |
33 (1.3) |
39 (1.54) |
32 (1.26) |
58 (2.28) |
64 (2.52) |
52 (2.05) |
45 (1.77) |
52 (2.05) |
54 (2.13) |
51 (2.01) |
561 (22.09) |
| Source: Pogoda.ru.net[19] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Sochi | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 21.2 (70.2) |
23.5 (74.3) |
30.0 (86) |
33.7 (92.7) |
34.4 (93.9) |
35.0 (95) |
39.0 (102.2) |
38.5 (101.3) |
36.0 (96.8) |
32.3 (90.1) |
29.1 (84.4) |
23.1 (73.6) |
39.0 (102.2) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 9.5 (49.1) |
9.9 (49.8) |
12.1 (53.8) |
16.0 (60.8) |
20.4 (68.7) |
24.0 (75.2) |
26.6 (79.9) |
27.1 (80.8) |
24.2 (75.6) |
20.0 (68) |
15.7 (60.3) |
11.8 (53.2) |
18.1 (64.6) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 3.2 (37.8) |
3.2 (37.8) |
5.0 (41) |
8.5 (47.3) |
12.7 (54.9) |
16.4 (61.5) |
19.2 (66.6) |
19.4 (66.9) |
16.1 (61) |
12.3 (54.1) |
8.5 (47.3) |
5.4 (41.7) |
10.8 (51.4) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −13.4 (7.9) |
−15.0 (5) |
−7.4 (18.7) |
−5.5 (22.1) |
1.7 (35.1) |
7.1 (44.8) |
12.0 (53.6) |
10.4 (50.7) |
2.7 (36.9) |
−3.2 (26.2) |
−5.4 (22.3) |
−8.3 (17.1) |
−15.0 (5) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 183 (7.2) |
120 (4.72) |
115 (4.53) |
122 (4.8) |
89 (3.5) |
99 (3.9) |
93 (3.66) |
111 (4.37) |
133 (5.24) |
135 (5.31) |
182 (7.17) |
202 (7.95) |
1,584 (62.36) |
| Source: Pogoda.ru.net[20] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Vladivostok | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 5.0 (41) |
9.9 (49.8) |
15.2 (59.4) |
22.7 (72.9) |
29.5 (85.1) |
31.8 (89.2) |
33.6 (92.5) |
33.0 (91.4) |
30.0 (86) |
23.4 (74.1) |
17.5 (63.5) |
9.4 (48.9) |
33.6 (92.5) |
| Average high °C (°F) | −9.3 (15.3) |
−5.9 (21.4) |
1.2 (34.2) |
8.8 (47.8) |
14.2 (57.6) |
17.0 (62.6) |
21.1 (70) |
23.3 (73.9) |
19.6 (67.3) |
12.9 (55.2) |
2.9 (37.2) |
−5.9 (21.4) |
8.4 (47.1) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −17.1 (1.2) |
−14.0 (6.8) |
−6.1 (21) |
1.2 (34.2) |
6.2 (43.2) |
10.6 (51.1) |
15.6 (60.1) |
17.8 (64) |
13.0 (55.4) |
5.7 (42.3) |
−4.1 (24.6) |
−13.0 (8.6) |
1.4 (34.5) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −31.4 (−24.5) |
−28.9 (−20) |
−22.0 (−7.6) |
−8.1 (17.4) |
−0.8 (30.6) |
3.7 (38.7) |
8.8 (47.8) |
10.1 (50.2) |
2.2 (36) |
−9.7 (14.5) |
−23.0 (−9.4) |
−28.1 (−18.6) |
−31.4 (−24.5) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 15 (0.59) |
19 (0.75) |
25 (0.98) |
54 (2.13) |
61 (2.4) |
100 (3.94) |
124 (4.88) |
153 (6.02) |
126 (4.96) |
66 (2.6) |
38 (1.5) |
18 (0.71) |
799 (31.46) |
| Source: Pogoda.ru.net[21] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Yakutsk | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | −5.8 (21.6) |
−2.2 (28) |
8.3 (46.9) |
21.1 (70) |
31.1 (88) |
35.1 (95.2) |
38.3 (100.9) |
35.4 (95.7) |
27.0 (80.6) |
20.5 (68.9) |
3.1 (37.6) |
−3.9 (25) |
38.3 (100.9) |
| Average high °C (°F) | −39.5 (−39.1) |
−31.4 (−24.5) |
−14.1 (6.6) |
0.0 (32) |
12.1 (53.8) |
21.7 (71.1) |
25.1 (77.2) |
21.5 (70.7) |
11.9 (53.4) |
−3.5 (25.7) |
−24.4 (−11.9) |
−36.8 (−34.2) |
−5.5 (22.1) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −45.9 (−50.6) |
−41.2 (−42.2) |
−29.8 (−21.6) |
−14.3 (6.3) |
−0.3 (31.5) |
8.3 (46.9) |
11.7 (53.1) |
8.5 (47.3) |
0.7 (33.3) |
−12.3 (9.9) |
−32.8 (−27) |
−43.2 (−45.8) |
−15.8 (3.6) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −63.0 (−81.4) |
−64.4 (−83.9) |
−54.9 (−66.8) |
−41.0 (−41.8) |
−18.1 (−0.6) |
−7.2 (19) |
−1.5 (29.3) |
−7.8 (18) |
−14.2 (6.4) |
−40.9 (−41.6) |
−54.5 (−66.1) |
−59.8 (−75.6) |
−64.4 (−83.9) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 9 (0.35) |
7 (0.28) |
6 (0.24) |
10 (0.39) |
18 (0.71) |
37 (1.46) |
39 (1.54) |
37 (1.46) |
29 (1.14) |
20 (0.79) |
16 (0.63) |
12 (0.47) |
240 (9.45) |
| Source: Pogoda.ru.net[22] | |||||||||||||
References
- ↑ "Russia::Climate and vegetation". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 2007-07-03.
- ↑ "Climate". Library Of Congress. Retrieved 2007-12-26.
- ↑ "Pogoda.ru.net" (in Russian). Retrieved May 7, 2013.
- ↑ "Meteo.ru". Retrieved May 7, 2013.
- ↑ "NOAA NCDC Climate Data Online". Retrieved May 7, 2013.
- ↑ "Pogoda.ru.net" (in Russian). Retrieved July 5, 2013.
- ↑ "Pogoda.ru.net" (in Russian). Retrieved July 5, 2013.
- ↑ "Pogoda.ru.net" (in Russian). Retrieved July 5, 2013.
- ↑ "Pogoda.ru.net" (in Russian). Retrieved September 8, 2007.
- ↑ "Pogoda.ru.net" (in Russian). Retrieved September 8, 2007.
- ↑ "Pogoda.ru.net" (in Russian). Retrieved September 8, 2007.
- ↑ "Thermograph.ru averages". Retrieved 2011-01-12.
- ↑ "Pogoda & Climate (Weather & Climate)" (in Russian). Retrieved 2011-01-12.
- ↑ "Climate monitor 2005-2011" (in Russian). Retrieved 2011-01-12.
- ↑ "Average monthly Sunshine hours" (in Russian). Meteoweb.ru. Retrieved 2011-01-12.
- ↑ "Pogoda.ru.net" (in Russian). Retrieved July 7, 2013.
- ↑ "Pogoda.ru.net" (in Russian). Retrieved September 8, 2007.
- ↑ "Pogoda.ru.net" (in Russian). Retrieved 2009-02-08.
- ↑ "Pogoda.ru.net" (in Russian). Retrieved September 8, 2007.
- ↑ "Pogoda.ru.net" (in Russian). Retrieved September 7, 2007.
- ↑ "Pogoda.ru.net" (in Russian). Retrieved September 8, 2007.
- ↑ "Pogoda.ru.net" (in Russian). Retrieved September 8, 2007.
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