Chilean mussel

Montevideo mussel (original name), Chilean mussel
Scientific classification
Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Mollusca
Class:Bivalvia
Order:Ostreoida
Family:Mytilidae
Genus:Mytilus
Species: M. platensis
Binomial name
Mytilus platensis
d'Orbigny, 1842
Synonyms
Mytilus chilensis
Hupé, 1854
Mytilus desolationis
Lamy, 1936

Mytilus chilensis is the scientific name often misapplied to the native blue mussel species occurring along the coasts of southern South America, hereafter referred to as the Montevideo mussel, the original name coined by Alcide d’Orbigny who first described the species. The valid scientific name currently used to designate the Montevideo mussel is Mytilus platensis d'Orbigny, 1842,[1] although its junior synonym Mytilus chilensis is still in use, but erroneously so from the viewpoint of zoological nomenclature.[2]

The Montevideo mussel[1] or Chilean mussel[3] or Chilean blue mussel[4] is a species of blue mussel native to the coasts of Chile, Argentina, Uruguay, the Falkland Islands and the Kerguelen islands. In the scientific literature, the Montevideo mussel has been referred to as Southern Mytilus edulis,[5] or Mytilus edulis platensis,[6] or Mytilus chilensis.[3]

Aquaculture

The Montevideo mussel is under intensive aquaculture in Chile. From 2004 to 2008 the annual commercial harvest increased from 80,000 to 200,000 tonnes.[7] Following a decrease in 2009, the production was back at high level in 2010.[8] Over 45,000 tonnes of Montevideo mussels were exported from Chile in 2008, 93% of them frozen. Some 74% of exports are to the EU, primarily Spain and France, and 15% to the United States.[7]

Systematics

The Montevideo mussel, Mytilus platensis is part of the world-wide Mytilus edulis complex of mussels, or blue mussels. Genetic studies based on nuclear markers have suggested that the Montevideo mussel has features of both the Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) and the North Atlantic Mytilus edulis. Some authors have suggested that the Montevideo mussel be considered either as M. galloprovincialis or as a subspecies of it, Mytilus galloprovincialis chilensis.[4][9] Others however have recognized several blue mussel species in South America, including native M. platensis, introduced M. galloprovincialis from the Mediterranean, and possibly-introduced M. planulatus.[6][10] Using nuclear DNA markers, Borsa et al. (2012) confirmed earlier results from allozymes[5] that most populations in the south of the South American continent indeed represent a native Southern Hemisphere lineage of the blue mussel, for which they suggested to use the subspecies name Mytilus edulis platensis[6] (now M. platensis). The same authors questioned the earlier identifications of the Montevideo mussel in Southern Chile as "M. galloprovincialis"[4] because the genetic markers then used could not help distinguishing M. galloprovincialis from any of the two native blue mussel species from the Southern Hemisphere,[6] now referred to as M. planulatus and M. platensis.[2] Moreover, M. platensis populations in southern Chile show slight introgression from M. planulatus.

See also

References

  1. 1 2 d'Orbigny, A. (1836), "Voyage dans l'Amérique méridionale (le Brésil, la république orientale de l’Uruguay, la république Argentine, la Patagonie, la république du Chili, la république de Bolivia, la république du Pérou), exécuté pendant les années 1826, 1827, 1828, 1829, 1830, 1831, 1832 et 1833, Vol. 5, Mollusques", Bertrand: Paris, pp. 49–184
  2. 1 2 Sartori, A. F.; Bouchet, P.; Huber, M. (2017), Mytilus chilensis Hupé, 1854. In: MolluscaBase. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species
  3. 1 2 Mytilus chilensis (Hupé, 1854) Sealifebase.org
  4. 1 2 3 Toro, J.E.; Ojeda, J. A.; Vergara, A. M.; Castro, G. C.; Alcapan, A. C. (December 1, 2005). "Molecular characterization of the Chilean blue mussel (Mytilus chilensis Hupe 1854) demonstrates evidence for the occurrence of Mytilus galloprovincialis in southern Chile". Journal of Shellfish Research. 24 (4): 1117–1121. doi:10.2983/0730-8000(2005)24[1117:MCOTCB]2.0.CO;2. Retrieved 2009-01-22.
  5. 1 2 McDonald, J. H., Seed, R., and Koehn, R. K. (1991), "Allozymes and morphometric characters of three species of Mytilus in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres", Marine Biology, 111: 323–333
  6. 1 2 3 4 Borsa, P.; Rolland, V.; Daguin-Thiébaut, C. (2012). "Genetics and taxonomy of Chilean smooth-shelled mussels, Mytilus spp. (Bivalvia: Mytilidae)". Comptes Rendus Biologies. 335: 51–61. doi:10.1016/j.crvi.2011.10.002. PMID 22226163.
  7. 1 2 Ríos, J. L. (2010):Mussels - May 2010, Chile Globefish.org.
  8. ↑ Bivalves, February 2011 Globefish.org
  9. ↑ Carcamo, C.; Comesana, A.S.; Winkler, F.M.; Sanjuan, A. (2005). "Allozyme identification of mussels (Bivalvia: Mytilus) on the Pacific coast of South America". Journal of Shellfish Research. 24: 1101–1115. doi:10.2983/0730-8000(2005)24[1101:AIOMBM]2.0.CO;2. Retrieved 2012-06-16.
  10. ↑ Daguin, C., Borsa, P. (2000), "Genetic relationships of Mytilus galloprovincialis Lmk. populations worldwide: evidence from nuclearDNA markers", Geological Society of London, Special Publications, 177: 389–397
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