Erica arborea

Erica arborea
Tree heath
Scientific classification
Kingdom:Plantae
Clade:Angiosperms
Clade:Eudicots
Clade:Asterids
Order:Ericales
Family:Ericaceae
Genus:Erica
Species: E. arborea
Binomial name
Erica arborea

Erica arborea (tree heath) is a species of flowering plant (angiosperms) in the heather family, Ericaceae. There are disjunct populations in Africa including the Ethiopian Highlands, the mountains of Ruwenzori and the Cameroon Mountains. In Africa it is normally referred to as giant heather. It is native to the maquis shrublands surrounding the Mediterranean Basin north to Bulgaria and west to Portugal and the Canary and Madeira Islands. Naturalised populations occur in south-eastern Australia.[1]

The wood, known as briar root (French: bruyère), is extremely hard and heat-resistant, and is used for making smoking pipes.

Description

Erica arborea is an upright evergreen shrub or small tree with a typical height in the wild of some 7 m (23 ft), especially in Africa, but more typically 1–4 m (3–13 ft) in gardens, bearing dark green needle-like leaves and numerous small honey-scented bell-shaped white flowers. It is a calcifuge, preferring acid soil in an open sunny situation.[2]

Cultivars

Several cultivars and hybrids have been developed for garden use, of which the following have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit:[3]

  • E. arborea 'Estrella Gold'[4] (gold-tipped leaves)
  • E. arborea var. alpina[5]
  • E. arborea var. alpina f. aureifolia 'Albert's Gold'[6] (gold-leaved)
  • E. × veitchii 'Exeter'[7] (E. arborea × E. lusitanica)

Other tall growing heaths, including the Portugal Heath (Erica lusitanica) and channel heath (Erica canaliculata) may also sometimes be called tree heath.

Uses

Briar pipes on a circular pipe rack

The wood, known as briar root (French: bruyère), is extremely hard, dense and heat-resistant, and is primarily used for making smoking pipes, as it does not affect the aroma of tobacco. The football-sized tubers are harvested at the age of 30 to 60 years. They are cooked for several hours, then dried for several months before they are further processed.

The wood is also used for making jewellery, fountain pens and knife handles.

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Erica arborea L." Australian Plant Name Index (APNI), IBIS database. Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government.
  2. ↑ RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. 2008. p. 1136. ISBN 1405332964.
  3. ↑ "AGM Plants - Ornamental" (PDF). Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 35. Retrieved 6 February 2018.
  4. ↑ "RHS Plant Selector - Erica arborea 'Estrella Gold'". Retrieved 18 June 2013.
  5. ↑ "RHS Plant Selector - Erica arborea var. alpina". Retrieved 18 June 2013.
  6. ↑ "RHS Plant Selector - Erica arborea var. alpina f. aureifolia 'Albert's Gold'". Retrieved 18 June 2013.
  7. ↑ "RHS Plant Selector - Erica × veitchii 'Exeter'". Retrieved 18 June 2013.
  • Adams, W.M., A.S. Goudie & A. R. Orme (eds.) (1996): The Physical Geography of Africa. Page 55. Oxford University Press.
  • Dressler, S.; Schmidt, M. & Zizka, G. (2014). "Erica arborea". African plants – a Photo Guide. Frankfurt/Main: Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg.
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