Battle of Ushant (1781)

Second Battle of Ushant
	Part of the American Revolutionary War
Date	12 December 1781
Location	Bay of Biscay, 150 mi (240 km) south-west of Ushant
Result	British victory
Belligerents
Great Britain	France
Commanders and leaders
Richard Kempenfelt	Comte de Guichen
Strength
12 ships of the line	19 ships of the line, 20 or more transports
Casualties and losses
Light	15 transports captured,; 1,062 soldiers &; 548 seamen captured

The Second Battle of Ushant was a naval battle fought between French and British squadrons near the island of Ushant on 12 December 1781, as part of the American Revolutionary War.

Events

Background

A French convoy sailed from Brest on 10 December with reinforcements and stores for the East and West Indies, protected by a fleet of 19 ships of the line commanded by Comte de Guichen. A squadron of 13 British ships of the line, commanded by Rear Admiral Richard Kempenfelt in HMS Victory, were ordered to sea to intercept the expected convoy.

Action

On 12 December, the squadron sighted the French convoy, discovering that its protective escort had been strengthened.

Initially, Comte De Guichen's fleet was situated downwind of the convoy, allowing the British ships to sweep down and capture 15 ships carrying troops and supplies before the French ships could intervene.

Rear Admiral Kempenfelt's force was not strong enough to attack the 19 French escorts, but the French convoy, having deliberately risked setting sail in the North Atlantic storm season in an unsuccessful attempt to avoid British forces, was dispersed in a gale shortly afterwards, and most of the ships forced to return to port.

Aftermath

Only two of the ships of the line intended for the West Indies arrived with a few transport vessels in time for the Battle of the Saintes in April.

When news of the battle at Ushant reached Britain, the Opposition in Parliament questioned the decision to send such a small force against the convoy, and forced an official inquiry into the administration of the Royal Navy. This was the first of a succession of Opposition challenges which would ultimately bring about the fall of the government of Lord North on 20 March 1782 and pave the way for the Peace of Paris (1783), which ended the American Revolutionary War.

References

Clowes, William Laird, et al. The royal navy: a history from the earliest times to the present, Volume 3

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