Battle of Cotton Plant

Battle of Cotton Plant
Action at Hill's Plantation
Part of the Trans-Mississippi Theater of the American Civil War
DateJuly 7, 1862 (1862-07-07)
LocationWoodruff County, Arkansas
Result United States victory
Belligerents
United States United States Confederate States of America Confederate States
Commanders and leaders
Charles E. Hovey
William P. Benton		 Thomas C. Hindman
William Parsons
Units involved
1st Brigade, 1st Division, Army of the Southwest
2nd Brigade, 1st Division, Army of the Southwest
3rd Brigade, 1st Division, Army of the Southwest		 12th Texas Cavalry Regiment
16th Texas Cavalry Regiment
17th Texas Cavalry Regiment
Strength
400 5,000
Casualties and losses
63 245

The Battle of Cotton Plant (also known as the Action at Hill's Plantation) was a battle of the American Civil War. The battle was fought on July 7, 1862, in Woodruff County, Arkansas.

Battle

Map of Hill's Plantation Battlefield core and study areas by the American Battlefield Protection Program.

During the summer of 1862, Union Maj. Gen. Samuel R. Curtis planned to move his army toward Helena, Arkansas, in search of supplies to replace those that had been promised but never delivered by the US Navy. The Confederates skirmished with Union troops as the Federals marched south along the White River toward the supply flotilla waiting at Clarendon. On July 7, 1862, Confederate Maj. Gen. Thomas C. Hindman ordered Brig. Gen. Albert Rust to stop them at the Cache River. Rust moved too slowly, so the forward elements of his force did not strike until 4 miles south of the river on Parley Hill's plantation near Cotton Plant. The outnumbered Illinois and Wisconsin infantry commanded by Union Col. Charles E. Hovey repulsed repeated, poorly organized attacks by Confederate Col. William H. Parsons's two Texas cavalry regiments. The Confederates fled when Federal reinforcements arrived. On July 8, the 2nd Wisconsin Cavalry, under the command of newly promoted Brig. Gen. Cadwallader C. Washburn, pursued the Confederates to the Cache River, destroying two ferry boats and capturing several prisoners.

Curtis proceeded to Clarendon, only to find that the flotilla had departed the previous day. He turned east toward Helena and occupied it on July 12. Federal forces controlled the town for the duration of the war. Nevertheless, Hindman, despite suffering defeat, remained between Curtis and Little Rock, his objective.

Battlefield preservation

The Battle of Cotton Plant, designated one of the Civil War's 384 principal battlefields by the Civil War Sites Advisory Commission in 1993, has regional/state significance because it had an observable influence on the outcome of the Vicksburg Campaign. The Union victory enabled Federal forces to move toward Helena and occupy that strategic town on the Mississippi River for the duration of the Civil War.

References

  • Vicksburg Campaign Trail website
  • Nelson, Glenn T. and John D. Squier. "The Confederate Defense of Northeast Arkansas and the Battle of Cotton Plant, Arkansas, July 7, 1862." Rivers & Roads & Points in Between, XVI (1989), 5-27.


Coordinates: 35°02′11″N 91°17′35″W / 35.0365°N 91.293°W / 35.0365; -91.293

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