BBCH-scale (potato)
The BBCH-scale (potato) identifies the phenological development stages of a potato (Solanum tuberosum). It is a plant species-specific version of the BBCH-scale.
| Growth stage | Code | Description | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2 digit | 3 digit | ||
| 0: Sprouting/Germination | 00 | 000 | Innate or enforced dormancy, Dry seed tuber not sprouted |
| 01 | 001 | Beginning of sprouting: Beginning of sprouts visible (< 1 mm) seed imbibition | |
| 02 | 002 | Sprouts upright (< 2 mm) | |
| 03 | 003 | End of dormancy: sprouts 2–3 mm Seed imbibition complete | |
| 05 | 005 | Beginning of root formation Radicle (root) emerged from seed | |
| 07 | 007 | Beginning of stem formation Hypocotyl with cotyledons breaking | |
| 08 | 008 | Stems growing towards soil surface, Hypocotyl with formation of scale leaves in the axils; cotyledons growing of which stolons will develop later towards soil surface | |
| 09 | 009 | Emergence: stems break through soil surface; cotyledons break through soil surface | |
| 021–0291 | |||
| 1: Leaf development | 10 | 100 | From tuber: first leaves begin to extend From seed: cotyledons completely unfolded |
| 11 | 101 | First leaf of main stem unfolded (> 4 cm) | |
| 12 | 102 | Second leaf of main stem unfolded (> 4 cm) | |
| 13 | 103 | Third leaf of main stem unfolded (> 4 cm) | |
| 1 . | 10 . | Stages continuous till . . . | |
| 19 | 109 | Nine or more leaves of main stem unfolded (> 4 cm) (2 digit);2
9 leaves of main stem unfolded (> 4 cm) (3 digit) | |
| 110 | Tenth leaf of main stem unfolded (> 4 cm) | ||
| 11 . | Stages continuous till . . . | ||
| 119 | Nineteenth leaf of main stem unfolded (> 4 cm) | ||
| 121 | First leaf of second order branch above first inflorescence unfolded (> 4 cm) | ||
| 122 | Second leaf of second order branch above first inflorescence unfolded (> 4 cm) | ||
| 12 . | Stages continuous till . . . | ||
| 131 | First leaf of third order branch above second inflorescence unfolded (> 4 cm) | ||
| 132 | Second leaf of third order branch above second inflorescence unfolded (> 4 cm) | ||
| 13 . | Stages continuous till . . . | ||
| 1NX | Xth leaf of nth order branch above (n-1)th inflorescence unfolded (> 4 cm) | ||
| 2: Formation of basal side shoots below and above soil surface (main stem) | 21 | 201 | First basal side shoot visible (> 5 cm) |
| 22 | 202 | Second basal side shoot visible (> 5 cm) | |
| 23 | 203 | Third basal side shoot visible (> 5 cm) | |
| 2 . | 20 . | Stages continuous till . . . | |
| 29 | 209 | Nine or more basal side shoots visible (> 5 cm) | |
| 3: Main stem elongation (crop cover) | 31 | 301 | Beginning of crop cover: 10% of plants meet between rows |
| 32 | 302 | 20% of plants meet between rows | |
| 33 | 303 | 30% of plants meet between rows | |
| 34 | 304 | 40% of plants meet between rows | |
| 35 | 305 | 50% of plants meet between rows | |
| 36 | 306 | 60% of plants meet between rows | |
| 37 | 307 | 70% of plants meet between rows | |
| 38 | 308 | 80% of plants meet between rows | |
| 39 | 309 | Crop cover complete: about 90% of plants meet between rows | |
| 4: Tuber formation | 40 | 400 | Tuber initiation: swelling of first stolon tips to twice the diameter of subtending stolon |
| 41 | 401 | 10% of total final tuber mass reached | |
| 42 | 402 | 20% of total final tuber mass reached | |
| 43 | 403 | 30% of total final tuber mass reached | |
| 44 | 404 | 40% of total final tuber mass reached | |
| 45 | 405 | 50% of total final tuber mass reached | |
| 46 | 406 | 60% of total final tuber mass reached | |
| 47 | 407 | 70% of total final tuber mass reached | |
| 48 | 408 | Maximum of total tuber mass reached, tubers detach easily from stolons, skin set not yet complete (skin easily removable with thumb) | |
| 49 | 409 | Skin set complete: (skin at apical end of tuber not removable with thumb) 95% of tubers in this stage | |
| 5: Inflorescence (cyme) emergence | 51 | 501 | First individual buds (1–2 mm) of first inflorescence visible (main stem) |
| 55 | 505 | Buds of first inflorescence extended to 5 mm | |
| 59 | 509 | First flower petals of first inflorescence visible | |
| 521 | Individual buds of second inflorescence visible (second order branch) | ||
| 525 | Buds of second inflorescence extended to 5 mm open (main stem) | ||
| 529 | First flower petals of second inflorescence visible above sepals | ||
| 531 | Individual buds of third inflorescence visible (third order branch) | ||
| 535 | Buds of third inflorescence extended to 5 mm | ||
| 539 | First flower petals of third inflorescence visible above sepals | ||
| 5N . | Nth inflorescence emerging | ||
| 6: Flowering | 60 | 600 | First open flowers in population |
| 61 | 601 | Beginning of flowering: 10% of flowers in the first inflorescence open (main stem) | |
| 62 | 602 | 20% of flowers in the first inflorescence open | |
| 63 | 603 | 30% of flowers in the first inflorescence open | |
| 64 | 604 | 40% of flowers in the first inflorescence open | |
| 65 | 605 | Full flowering: 50% of flowers in the first inflorescence open | |
| 66 | 606 | 60% of flowers in the first inflorescence open | |
| 67 | 607 | 70% of flowers in the first inflorescence open | |
| 68 | 608 | 80% of flowers in the first inflorescence open | |
| 69 | 609 | End of flowering in the first inflorescence | |
| 621 | Beginning of flowering: 10% of flowers in the second inflorescence open (second order branch) | ||
| 625 | Full flowering: 50% of flowers in the second inflorescence open | ||
| 629 | End of flowering in the 2nd inflorescence | ||
| 631 | Beginning of flowering: 10% of flowers in the third inflorescence open (third order branch) | ||
| 635 | Full flowering: 50% of flowers in the third inflorescence open | ||
| 639 | End of flowering in the third inflorescence | ||
| 6N . | Nth inflorescence flowering | ||
| 6N9 | End of flowering | ||
| 7: Development of fruit | 70 | 700 | First berries visible |
| 71 | 701 | 10% of berries in the first fructification have reached full size (main stem) | |
| 72 | 702 | 20% of berries in the first fructification have reached full size | |
| 73 | 703 | 30% of berries in the first fructification have reached full size | |
| 7 . | 70 . | Stages continuous till . . . | |
| 721 | 10% of berries in the second fructification have reached full size (second order branch) | ||
| 7N . | Development of berries in nth fructification | ||
| 7N9 | Nearly all berries in the nth fructification have reached full size (or have been shed) | ||
| 8: Ripening of fruit and seed | 81 | 801 | Berries in the first fructification still green, seed light-coloured (main stem) |
| 85 | 805 | Berries in the first fructification ochre-coloured or brownish | |
| 89 | 809 | Berries in the first fructification shrivelled, seed dark | |
| 821 | Berries in the second fructification still green, seed light-coloured (second order branch) | ||
| 8N . | Ripening of fruit and seed in nth fructification | ||
| 9: Senescence | 91 | 901 | Beginning of leaf yellowing |
| 93 | 903 | Most of the leaves yellowish | |
| 95 | 905 | 50% of the leaves brownish | |
| 97 | 907 | Leaves and stem dead, stems bleached and dry | |
| 99 | 909 | Harvested product | |
1 For second generation sprouts
2 Stem development stops after termination of main stem by an inflorescence.
Branches arise from axils of upper leaves of the main stem, exhibiting a
sympodial branching pattern
References
H. Hack, H. Gall, Th. Klemke, R. Klose, U. Meier, R. Stauss, A. Witzenberger. 2001. The BBCH scale for phonological growth stages of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). U. Meier (Ed.), Growth Stages of Mono and Dicotyledonous Plants, BBCH Monograph, Federal Biological Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry.
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