BBCH-scale (faba bean)
In biology, the BBCH-scale for faba beans describes the phenological development of faba beans using the BBCH-scale.
The phenological growth stages and BBCH-identification keys of faba beans are:
| Growth stage | Code | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 0: Germination | 00 | Dry seed |
| 01 | Beginning of seed imbibition | |
| 03 | Seed imbibition complete | |
| 05 | Radicle emerged from seed | |
| 07 | Shoot emerged from seed (plumule apparent) | |
| 08 | Shoot growing towards soil surface | |
| 09 | Emergence: shoot emerges through soil surface | |
| 1: Leaf development1 | 10 | Pair of scale leaves visible (may be eaten or lost) |
| 11 | First leaf unfolded | |
| 12 | 2 leaves unfolded | |
| 13 | 3 leaves unfolded | |
| 1 . | Stages continuous till . . . | |
| 19 | 9 or more leaves unfolded | |
| 2: Formation of side shoots | 20 | No side shoots |
| 21 | Beginning of side shoot development: first side shoot detectable | |
| 22 | 2 side shoots detectable | |
| 23 | 3 side shoots detectable | |
| 2 . | Stages continuous till . . . | |
| 29 | End of side shoot development: 9 or more side shoots detectable | |
| 3: Stem elongation | 30 | Beginning of stem elongation |
| 31 | One visibly extended internode2 | |
| 32 | 2 visibly extended internodes | |
| 33 | 3 visibly extended internodes | |
| 3 . | Stages continuous till . . . | |
| 39 | 9 or more visibly extended internodes | |
| 5: Inflorescence emergence | 50 | Flower buds present, still enclosed by leaves |
| 51 | First flower buds visible outside leaves | |
| 55 | First individual flower buds visible outside leaves but still closed | |
| 59 | First petals visible, many individual flower buds, still closed | |
| 6: Flowering | 60 | First flowers open |
| 61 | Flowers open on first raceme | |
| 63 | Flowers open 3 racemes per plant | |
| 65 | Full flowering: flowers open on 5 racemes per plant | |
| 67 | Flowering declining | |
| 69 | End of flowering | |
| 7: Development of fruit | 70 | First pods have reached final length (“flat pod”) |
| 71 | 10% of pods have reached final length | |
| 72 | 20% of pods have reached final length | |
| 73 | 30% of pods have reached final length | |
| 74 | 40% of pods have reached final length | |
| 75 | 50% of pods have reached final length | |
| 76 | 60% of pods have reached final length | |
| 77 | 70% of pods have reached final length | |
| 78 | 80% of pods have reached final length | |
| 79 | Nearly all pods have reached final length | |
| 8: Ripening | 80 | Beginning of ripening: seed green, filling pod cavity |
| 81 | 10% of pods ripe, seeds dry and hard | |
| 82 | 20% of pods ripe, seeds dry and hard | |
| 83 | 30% of pods ripe and dark, seeds dry and hard | |
| 84 | 40% of pods ripe and dark, seeds dry and hard | |
| 85 | 50% of pods ripe and dark, seeds dry and hard | |
| 86 | 60% of pods ripe and dark, seeds dry and hard | |
| 87 | 70% of pods ripe and dark, seeds dry and hard | |
| 88 | 80% of pods ripe and dark, seeds dry and hard | |
| 89 | Fully ripe: nearly all pods dark, seeds dry and hard | |
| 9: Senescence | 93 | Stems begin to darken |
| 95 | 50% of stems brown or black | |
| 97 | Plant dead and dry | |
| 99 | Harvested product | |
1 Stem elongation may occur earlier than stage 19; in this case continue with the principal stage 3
2 First internode extends from the scale leaf node to the first true leaf node
References
Lancashire, P.D.; H. Bleiholder; P. Langeluddecke; R. Stauss; T. van den Boom; E. Weber; A. Witzen-Berger (1991). "A uniform decimal code for growth stages of crops and weeds". Ann. Appl. Biol. 119 (3): 561–601. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7348.1991.tb04895.x.
Weber, E.; H. Bleiholder (1990). "Erläuterungen zu den BBCH-Dezimal-Codes für die Entwicklungsstadien von Mais, Raps, Faba-Bohne, Sonnenblume und Erbse - mit Abbildungen". Gesunde Pflanzen. 42: 308–321.