Australia at the Commonwealth Games

Australia at the
2018 Commonwealth Games
CGF code AUS
CGA Commonwealth Games Australia
Website commonwealthgames.org.au
Medals
Ranked 1st
Gold
852
Silver
716
Bronze
650
Total
2,218
Commonwealth Games appearances (overview)
British Empire Games
British Empire and Commonwealth Games
British Commonwealth Games
Commonwealth Games

Australia has won 13 Commonwealth games.

Australia first competed at the Games, then titled the British Empire Games, in 1930; and is one of only six countries to have sent athletes to every Commonwealth Games. The others are Canada, England, New Zealand, Scotland, and Wales.

Six of the 21 games have been hosted by Australia, with the city of Gold Coast hosting the 2018 Commonwealth Games.

Australia has placed first at 13 out of the 21 games (compared with England 7 and Canada 1) and has been in the top three for all meets except the first games in 1930.

After the 2006 Games, Australia was first in the all-time medal tally.

In all but one of the 18 Commonwealth Games held so far (excluding the 1978 Games), the Australian flag bearer has gone on to win a gold medal.[1]

List of Games Host Nation Bids

Games Staged

Australia has hosted the Commonwealth Games on four occasions but have only won once via an international vote. That vote was for the host of the 2018 games, won by the Gold Coast.

Sydney 1938 was simply awarded.

Perth 1962 was a contest between Adelaide and Perth which Adelaide originally won at the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne, Australia. Adelaide first won 13 votes to Perth's 3. Two years later that was overturned by the Australian Commonwealth Games Association prior to the 1958 British Empire Games in Cardiff, Wales. A New Vote awarded Perth with a 9 to 7 vote.

Brisbane 1982 was awarded after Lagos, Nigeria; Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia and Birmingham, England all withdrew prior to the Bid vote that took place in Montreal, Quebec, Canada during the 1976 Summer Olympics.

Melbourne 2006 was awarded to the city after Wellington, New Zealand withdrew their bid prior to the Bid Lodgement Deadline.

YearHost City, StateYears Between
2018 Commonwealth GamesGold Coast, Queensland12
2006 Commonwealth GamesMelbourne, Victoria24
1982 Commonwealth GamesBrisbane, Queensland20
1962 British Empire and Commonwealth GamesPerth, Western Australia24
1938 British Empire GamesSydney, New South Wales-

Failed bid Results

YearAustralian Candidate CityWinning CityVote Tally
1974 Commonwealth GamesMelbourneChristchurch2-36
1998 Commonwealth GamesAdelaideKuala Lumpur25-40

Medals

Overall Medal Tally

Positions are calculated by the number of gold medals earned, then the number of silvers is taken into consideration and then the number of bronze.

Figures from Commonwealth Games Foundation website.[2] Those represented in bold are the highest scoring medal tally for each individual medal.

The 2006 Games saw the highest overall medal tally, including the highest number of silver and bronze medals. The 1994 Games remains the Games with the highest number of gold medals won for Australia.

                  Total
Australia 9367687132427

Games Summary

Games Gold Silver Bronze Total Rank Competitors Officials Flag Bearer Opening Flag Bearer Closing
Canada 1930 Hamilton3418592Bobby Pearce
England 1934 London842143172Noel Ryan
Australia 1938 Sydney25192266115811Edgar 'Dunc Gray
New Zealand 1950 Auckland34271980114820Mervyn Wood
Canada 1954 Vancouver2011174827813Dick Garrard
Wales 1958 Cardiff27221766210514Ivan Lund
Australia 1962 Perth383631105120830Tony Madigan
Jamaica 1966 Kingston23282273210123David Dickson
Scotland 1970 Edinburgh36242282110725Pam KilbornMichael Wenden[3]
New Zealand 1974 Christchurch29282582116834Michael Wenden
Canada 1978 Edmonton24332784314842Remo Sansonetti and
Salvatore Sansonetti
Tracey Wickham[4]
Australia 1982 Brisbane393929107120854Rick MitchellLisa Curry
Scotland 1986 Edinburgh404635121323569Michael TurturGael Martin[5]
New Zealand 1990 Auckland525456162124768Lisa Curry-KennyPhillip Adams
Canada 1994 Victoria875242181124192Ian HaleGary Neiwand
Malaysia 1998 Kuala Lumpur8061571981311130Kieren PerkinsSusan O'Neill
England 2002 Manchester8262632071355131Damian BrownIan Thorpe
Australia 2006 Melbourne8469682211425168Jane SavilleLeisel Jones
India 2010 Delhi7456491791368179Sharelle McMahonAlicia Coutts
Scotland 2014 Glasgow4942461372409184Anna MearesMark Knowles
Australia 2018 Gold Coast8059591981Mark KnowlesKurt Fearnley
England 2022 BirminghamFuture event
Total93676871324271[6][7][8]

Overall Medal Tally by Sport

Overall total of medals achieved for each individual Commonwealth Games sporting area from 1930-2006.

Sport Gold Silver Bronze Total
Archery1023
Athletics159136111406
Badminton21912
Basketball2002
Boxing11142853
Cricket0101
Cycling785034162
Diving27312684
Fencing3151129
Gymnastics382836102
Hockey5016
Judo23914
Lawn Bowls618731
Netball3205
Rowing1610834
Rugby 7's0112
Shooting524432128
Squash45918
Swimming241167150558
Table Tennis0325
Tennis3328
Tenpin Bowling5117
Triathlon0112
Waterpolo1001
Weightlifting534640139
Wrestling14221551

Progressive Medal Tally

Figures from Commonwealth Games Foundation website.[2]

Commonwealth Games Progressive Medal Tally
Year Gold Silver Bronze Total
2018 932 778 709 2419
2014 8527166502218
2010 8036736042080
2006 7296185551902
2002 6455494871681
1998 5644884241476
1994 4854273671279
1990 3983753251098
1986 346321269936
1982 306275234815
1978 267236205708
1974 243203178624
1970 214175153542
1966 178151131460
1962 155123109387
1958 1178778282
1954 906561216
1950 705444168
1938 36272588
1934 118322
1930 3418

Numbers of athletes and sports

This list shows the total number of athletes, male and female, and the total sports they were selected to compete in.

Year Athletes Male Female Sports
200642622020618
2002371
1998320
1994250
1990248
1986235
1982210
1978148
1974
1970
1966
1962
1958
1954
1950
1938
1934
1930

Team & Individual Competitor Achievements

Notable Achievements

Represented at most Games

  • Arthur Tunstall has represented Australia as an official at 8 Commonwealth Games (1962, 66, 70, 74, 78, 86, 90, 94).
  • Donald Stockins has represented Australia as an official at 8 Commonwealth Games (1974, 78, 82, 86, 90, 94, 98, 2002).
  • Shooter Bruce Quick has represented at 7 Commonwealth Games 1990, 1998, 2002,2006,2010,2014 and 2018
  • Shooter Phillip Adams has competed in 6 Commonwealth Games (1982, 86, 90, 94, 98, 2002).

Best Individual Medal Achievements

Most gold medals won

  • Swimmer Susie O'Neill won 10 gold medals at three successive Games (1990, 94, 98).
  • Swimmer Ian Thorpe won 10 gold medals at two successive Games (1998, 2002).
  • Swimmer Leisel Jones won 10 gold medals at three successive Games (2002, 06, 10).

Most gold medals won at a single Games

Most medals won by a competitor

  • Shooter Phillip Adams has won 18 medals (7 gold, 9 silver, 2 bronze) at five Games (1982, 86, 90, 94, 2002).
  • Swimmer Susie O'Neill has won 15 medals (10 gold, 5 silver) at three Games (1990, 94, 98).
  • Shooter Bruce Quick has won 14 medals ( 1 Gold, 9 Silver and 4 Bronze) at 6 games ( 1990,1998,2002,2006,2010 and 2014).

Oldest gold medal winner

  • Dorothy Roche, was 61 years and 10 months old when she won a gold medal in the women's fours in Bowls at the 1990 Games.

Youngest gold medal winner

  • Jenny Turrall, was 13 years, 8 months old when she won a gold medal in the 400m freestyle at Christchurch, New Zealand in 1974.[9] Jenny Turrall also won Silver medals in the 200m Freestyle, 800m Freestyle and the 4x100 Freestyle Relay -women at the 1974 Christchurch Games.[10]

Winning Streaks

Australia has won gold in the following events for each consecutive Games since the beginning of each individual streak.

  • Swimming, Men's 4 × 200 m (13 Games - 1954, 58, 62, 66, 70, 74, 78, 82, 86, 90, 94, 98, 2002)
  • Swimming, Men's 4 × 100 m (6 Games - 1982, 86, 90, 94, 98, 2002)
  • Swimming, Women's 4 × 100 m Medley (6 Games - 1990, 94, 98, 2002, 06, 10)
  • Men's Hockey (4 Games - 1998, 2002, 06, 10)

Australian Records Achieved at Commonwealth Games

Record Types listed follow this Key:

  • WR: World Record
  • CR: Commonwealth Record
  • AR: Australian Record
  • GR: Games Record

Record Summary

This list shows a summary of known Australian records and totals for each year and overall. A world record also covers all other records (Commonwealth, Australian and Games) but is not included in each individual tally. This also goes for each other section overlapping. The hierarchy is defined by the record key.

Year WR CR AR GR Total
2006
200264450
19982020
19942929
199077
198666
198222
197811
197411
197033
19661414
196255
195800
195433
195022
193800
193422
193000
Total6139145

2002

  • 6 World Records were set during these Games.
  • 44 Commonwealth Games Records were set in the 2002 Games.
TypeSportDisciplineAthlete/TeamRecordMargin
WRCycling4,000 m Team Pursuit (Qualifying)Team: Graeme Brown, Peter Dawson, Mark Renshaw, Luke Roberts4:04.034
WRCycling4,000 m Team PursuitTeam: Graeme Brown, Peter Dawson, Mark Renshaw, Luke Roberts3:59.583
WRSwimming50 m Freestyle Multi Disability (Heat)James Austin27.48
WRSwimming100 m Freestyle Multi Disability (Heat)James Austin1:00.21
WRSwimming100 m Freestyle Multi Disability (Final)James Austin1:00.27
WRSwimming400 m FreestyleIan Thorpe3:40.08
GRAthleticsMen's 20 km WalkNathan Deakes1:25.35 (hours)
GRAthleticsWomen's 20 km WalkJane Saville1:36.34 (hours)
GRAthleticsWomen's 4 × 400 m RelayAustralia3:25.63 (mins)
GRAthleticsMen's 50 km WalkNathan Deakes3:52.40 (hours)
GRAthleticsWomen's MarathonKerryn McCann2:30.05 (hours)
GRAthleticsWomen's Pole VaultTatiana Grigorieva4.35 (meters)
GRAthleticsMen's Shot PutJustin Anlezark20.91 (meters)
GRCyclingMen's 20 km Scratch RaceGraeme Brown24:14.660 (mins)
GRCyclingWomen's 25 km Points RaceKatherine Bates37 (points)
GRCyclingMen's 4000 m Individual PursuitBradley "Brad" McGee4:16.358 (mins)
GRCyclingWomen's 500 m Time TrialKerrie Meares35.084 (seconds)
GRCyclingMen's Road Race (187.2 km)Stuart O'Grady4:43:17 (hours)
GRCyclingMen's Road Time Trial (46.8 km)Cadel Evans1:00:53.50 (hours)
GRCyclingMen's Team SprintAustralia44.506 (seconds)
GRShootingWomen's 25 m Standard Pistol (Ind)Lalita Yauhleuskaya686.8 (points)
GRShootingWomen's 25 m Standard Pistol (Team)Australia1150 (points)
GRShootingMen's 50 m Free Rifle-3 Position (Team)Australia2297 (points)
GRShootingWomen's 50 m Rifle Prone (Ind)Kim Frazer588 (points)
GRShootingWomen's Skeet (Ind)Lauryn Ogilvie93 (points)
GRShootingWomen's Skeet (Team)Australia95 (points)
GRShootingMen's Trap (Team)Australia187 (points)
GRShootingWomen's Trap (Team)Australia90 (points)
GRSwimmingMen's 100 m BackstrokeMatt Welsh0:54.72 (mins)
GRSwimmingMen's 100 m ButterflyGeoff Huegill0:52.36 (mins)
GRSwimmingWomen's 100 m ButterflyPetria Thomas0:58.57 (mins)
GRSwimmingMen's 100 m FreestyleIan Thorpe48.73 (seconds)
GRSwimmingMen's 100 m Multi Disability FreestyleBen Austin(mins)
GRSwimmingMen's 200 m ButterflyJustin Norris1:56.95 (mins)
GRSwimmingMen's 200 m FreestyleIan Thorpe1:44.71 (mins)
GRSwimmingMen's 400 m FreestyleIan Thorpe3:40.08 (mins)
GRSwimmingMen's 400 m Individual MedleyJustin Norris4:16.95 (mins)
GRSwimmingMen's 4 × 100 m Freestyle RelayAustralia3:16.42 (mins)
GRSwimmingWomen's 4 × 100 m Freestyle RelayAustralia3:40.41 (mins)
GRSwimmingMen's 4 × 100 m Medley RelayAustralia3:36.05 (mins)
GRSwimmingWomen's 4 × 100 m Medley RelayAustralia4:03.70 (mins)
GRSwimmingMen's 4 × 200 m Freestyle RelayAustralia7:11.69 (mins)
GRSwimmingMen's 50 m BackstrokeMatt Welsh25.65 (seconds)
GRSwimmingWomen's 50 m BackstrokeDyana Calub28.98 (seconds)
GRSwimmingMen's 50 m ButterflyGeoff Huegill23.57 (seconds)
GRSwimmingWomen's 50 m ButterflyPetria Thomas26.66 (seconds)
GRSwimmingMen's 50 m Multi Disability FreestyleBen Austin(seconds)
GRWeightliftingWomen's 75 kg+ SnatchCaroline Pileggi100.0 (kg)
GRWeightliftingMen's 77 kg SnatchDamian Brown147.5 (kg)
GRWeightliftingMen's 94 kg SnatchAlex Karapetyn167.5 (kg)

1998

  • 20 Commonwealth Games Records were set in the 1998 Games.
Type Sport Discipline Athlete/Team Record Margin
GRAthleticsWomen's 10 km Road WalkJane Saville43:57 (mins)
GRCyclingMen's 184 km Road RaceJay Sweet4:31:56 (hours)
GRCyclingWomen's 24 km Points RaceAlayna Burns34 (points)
GRCyclingWomen's Road Race (28 km)Anna Wilson37:34 (mins)
GRCyclingMen's SprintDarryn Hill10.533 (seconds)
GRShootingWomen's Air Pistol (Ind)Annemarie Forder480.6 (points)
GRShootingWomen's Air Pistol (Team)Australia748 (points)
GRShootingMen's Smallbore Rifle 3 Position (Ind)Timothy Lowndes1235.3 (points)
GRShootingWomen's Smallbore Sport Rifle 3 Position (Ind)Susan McCready667.3 (points)
GRShootingWomen's Smallbore Sport Rifle Prone (Team)Australia1174 (points)
GRShootingWomen's Sport Pistol (Team)Australia1140 (points)
GRSwimmingWomen's 200 m ButterflySusie O'Neill2:06.60 (mins)
GRSwimmingMen's 200 m Individual MedleyMatthew Dunn2:00.26 (mins)
GRTenpin BowlingWomen's DoublesAustralia3678 (points)
GRTenpin BowlingMixed DoublesAustralia3605 (points)
GRTenpin BowlingWomen's SinglesCara Honeychurch6406 (points)
GRWeightliftingMen's 77 kg Clean and JerkDamian Brown187.5 (kg)
GRWeightliftingMen's 77 kg CombinedDamian Brown327.5 (kg)
GRWeightliftingMen's 94 kg Clean and JerkKiril Kounev205.0 (kg)
GRWeightliftingMen's 94 kg CombinedKiril Kounev370.0 (kg)

1994

  • 29 Commonwealth Games Records were set in the 1994 Games.
Type Sport Discipline Athlete/Team Record Margin
GRAthleticsMen's Marathon WheelchairPaul Wiggins1:37.33 (hours)
GRCyclingMen's 10 MileStuart O'Grady18:50.520 (mins)
GRCyclingMen's 100 km Team Time TrialAustralia1:53:19.13 (hours)
GRCyclingWomen's 25 km Team Time TrialAustralia1:04:03.20 (mins)
GRCyclingMen's 4000 m Team PursuitAustralia4:10.485 (mins)
GRCyclingMen's 40 km Points RaceBrett Aitken38 (points)
GRCyclingWomen's Road RaceKathryn "Kathy" Watt2:48:04.73 (seconds)
GRShootingFullbore Rifle Queens Prize - Open (Pair)Australia593 (points)
GRShootingMen's Running Target (Ind)Bryan Wilson657.9 (points)
GRShootingWomen's Smallbore Rifle Prone (Team)Australia1160 (points)
GRShootingWomen's Sport Pistol (Ind)Christine Trefry679.4 (points)
GRSwimmingWomen's 100 m BreaststrokeSamantha Riley1:08.02 (mins)
GRSwimmingWomen's 100 m Freestyle S9Melissa Carlton1:09.61 (mins)
GRSwimmingMen's 1500 m FreestyleKieren Perkins14:41.66 (mins)
GRSwimmingWomen's 200 m BreaststrokeSamantha Riley2:25.53 (mins)
GRWeightliftingMen's 108 kg + Clean and JerkStefan Botev200.0 (kg)
GRWeightliftingMen's 108 kg + CombinedStefan Botev360.0 (kg)
GRWeightliftingMen's 108 kg + SnatchSteven Kettner165.0 (kg)
GRWeightliftingMen's 108 kg Clean and JerkNicu Vlad220.0 (kg)
GRWeightliftingMen's 108 kg CombinedNicu Vlad405.0 (kg)
GRWeightliftingMen's 108 kg SnatchNicu Vlad185.0 (kg)
GRWeightliftingMen's 64 kg CombinedSevdalin Marinov277.5 (kg)
GRWeightliftingMen's 76 kg Clean and JerkDamian Brown182.5 (kg)
GRWeightliftingMen's 83 kg Clean and JerkKiril Kounev200.0 (kg)
GRWeightliftingMen's 83 kg CombinedKiril Kounev352.5 (kg)
GRWeightliftingMen's 83 kg SnatchKiril Kounev152.5 (kg)
GRWeightliftingMen's 91 kg Clean and JerkHarvey Goodman200.0 (kg)
GRWeightliftingMen's 91 kg CombinedHarvey Goodman362.5 (kg)
GRWeightliftingMen's 91 kg SnatchHarvey Goodman162.5 (kg)

1990

  • 7 Commonwealth Games Records were set in the 1990 Games.
Type Sport Discipline Athlete/Team Record Margin
GRAthleticsMen's Hammer ThrowSean Carlin75.66 (meters)
GRAthleticsWomen's HeptathlonJane Flemming6695 (points)
GRCyclingMen's 50 km Points RaceRobert Burns81 (points)
GRCyclingWomen's Road Race (72 km)Kathryn "Kathy" Watt1:55:11.60 (hours)
GRShootingMen's 50 m/Free Pistol (Team)Australia1106 (points)
GRSwimmingWomen's 400 m Individual MedleyHayley Lewis4:42.65 (mins)
GRWeightliftingMen's 75 kg Clean and JerkRonald Laycock177.5 (kg)

1986

  • 6 Commonwealth Games Records were set in the 1986 Games.
Type Sport Discipline Athlete/Team Record Margin
GRAthleticsMen's 30 km Road WalkSimon Francis Baker2:07.47 (hours)
GRAthleticsWomen's Shot PutGael Martin (née Mulhall)19.00 (meters)
GRRowingMen's Eight Oared ShellAustralia5:44.42 (mins)
GRRowingWomen's Eight Oared ShellAustralia6:43.69 (mins)
GRRowingMen's Lightweight Single ScullsPeter Antonie7:16.43 (mins)
GRRowingWomen's Lightweight Single ScullsAdair Ferguson7:45.49 (mins)

1978

  • 2 Commonwealth Games Records were set in the 1978 Games.
Type Sport Discipline Athlete/Team Record Margin
GRCyclingMen's Road Race (117 miles)Phillip Anderson4:22:34.41 (hours)
GRSwimmingWomen's 800 m FreestyleTracey Wickham8:24.62 (mins)

1974

  • 1 Commonwealth Games Records were set in the 1974 Games.
Type Sport Discipline Athlete/Team Record Margin
GRCyclingMen's Road Race (114 miles)Clyde Sefton5:07:16.87 (hours)

1970

  • 3 Commonwealth Games Records were set in the 1970 Games.
Type Sport Discipline Athlete/Team Record Margin
GRAthleticsMen's 20 Mile WalkNoel Freeman2:33:33 (hours)
GRWeightliftingMen's 110 kg + CombinedRaymond Rigby500 (kg)
GRWeightliftingMen's 52 kg CombinedGeorge Vasiliades290 (kg)

1966

  • 14 Commonwealth Games Records were set in the 1966 Games.
Type Sport Discipline Athlete/Team Record Margin
GRAthleticsWomen's 100 Yard DashDianne Burge10.6 (seconds)

GR Athletics Men's 100 Yard Dash Michael Van Der Velde 10.1 (seconds)

GRAthleticsWomen's 440 Yard Run/Quarter MileJudith Pollock53.0 (seconds)
GRAthleticsWomen's 4x110 Yard RelayAustralia45.3 (seconds)
GRAthleticsMen's 880 Yard Run/Half-MileNoel Clough1:46.9 (mins)
GRSwimmingMen's 110 Yards BreaststrokeIan O'Brien1:08.2 (mins)
GRSwimmingMen's 110 Yards FreestyleMichael Wenden54.0 (seconds)
GRSwimmingMen's 220 Yard BackstrokePeter Reynolds2:12.0 (mins)
GRSwimmingMen's 220 Yards BreaststrokeIan O'Brien2:29.3 (mins)
GRSwimmingMen's 440 Yards FreestyleRobert Windle4:15.0 (mins)
GRSwimmingWomen's 440 Yards FreestyleKathryn Wainwright4:38.8 (mins)
GRSwimmingMen's 440 Yards Freestyle RelayAustralia3:35.6 (mins)
GRSwimmingMen's 440 Yards Individual MedleyPeter Reynolds4:50.8 (mins)
GRSwimmingMen's 880 Yards Freestyle RelayAustralia7:59.5 (mins)
GRWeightliftingMen's 82.5 kg CombinedGeorge Vakakis925.5 (pounds)

1962

  • 5 Commonwealth Games Records were set in the 1962 Games.
Type Sport Discipline Athlete/Team Record Margin
GRAthleticsWomen's 880 Yard Run/Half-MileDixie Willis2:03.7 (mins)
GRSwimmingMen's 110 Yards ButterflyKevin Berry0:59.5 (mins)
GRSwimmingWomen's 110 Yards FreestyleDawn Fraser0:59.5 (seconds)
GRSwimmingMen's 1650 Yards FreestyleMurray Rose17:18.1 (mins)
GRSwimmingMen's 220 Yards ButterflyKevin Berry2:10.8 (mins)

1958

  • 3 Commonwealth Games Records were set in the 1958 Games.
Type Sport Discipline Athlete/Team Record Margin
GRAthleticsWomen's 220 Yard DashMarlene Mathews-Willard23.6 (seconds)
GRAthleticsWomen's 80 m HNorma Thrower10.7 (seconds)
GRRowingMen's Singles ScullsStuart MacKenzie7:20.1 (mins)

1950

  • 2 Commonwealth Games Records were set in the 1950 Games.
Type Sport Discipline Athlete/Team Record Margin
GRAthleticsWomen's 440 yard relayAustralia47.9 (seconds)
GRAthleticsWomen's 660 Yard RelayAustralia1:13.4 (mins)

1934

  • 2 Commonwealth Games Records were set in the 1934 Games.
Type Sport Discipline Athlete/Team Record Margin
GRSwimmingMen's 1500 Yards FreestyleNoel Ryan18:25.4 (mins)
GRSwimmingWomen's 200 Yards BreaststrokeClare Dennis2:50.2 (mins)

See also

References

  1. "Saville to carry Commonwealth Games flag". Archived from the original on 2007-03-30. Retrieved 2006-03-30.
  2. 1 2 Country Index Commonwealth Games Federation
  3. "COMMONWEALTH GAMES 36 golds, two records to Australia". The Canberra Times. 44, (12, 684). Australian Capital Territory, Australia. 27 July 1970. p. 12. Retrieved 11 February 2018 via National Library of Australia.
  4. "Wickham to carry flag at closing ceremony". The Canberra Times. 52, (15, 666). Australian Capital Territory, Australia. 13 August 1978. p. 27. Retrieved 11 February 2018 via National Library of Australia.
  5. "A closing honour to 'our Gael'". The Canberra Times. 60, (18, 568). Australian Capital Territory, Australia. 3 August 1986. p. 23. Retrieved 11 February 2018 via National Library of Australia.
  6. "Annual Report 2017" (PDF). Commonwealth Games Australia. Retrieved 11 February 2018.
  7. "Flag bearers". Australian Commonwealth Games Association website on Pandora Archive. Archived from the original on 23 November 1998. Retrieved 11 February 2018.
  8. "Annual Report 2017" (PDF). Commonwealth Games Australia. Retrieved 11 February 2018.
  9. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sports/othersports/commonwealthgames/10995110%5Bpermanent+dead+link%5D
  10. <http://www.thecgf.com.sports/medals_event.asp%5Bpermanent+dead+link%5D swimming 400m Freestyle Women-Gold Medals

Sources

"Australia at the Commonwealth Games". Commonwealth Games Federation. Archived from the original on 2007-07-29. Retrieved 2008-12-11.

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