Audi Quattro

Audi Quattro B2 (85)[1]
Overview
Manufacturer Audi AG
Also called Ur-Quattro
Production 1980–1991
Assembly Ingolstadt, Germany
Designer
Body and chassis
Class Mid-size car, rally car
Body style 2-door coupé
Layout longitudinal front engine, four-wheel drive
Platform Volkswagen B2
Related Audi 80 (B2),
Audi Coupé (B2)
Powertrain
Engine
  • 2.1 L 10v SOHC I5 (1980–87)[2]
  • 2.2 L 10v SOHC I5 (1987–89)
  • 2.2 L DOHC 20v I5 (1989–91)
Transmission 5-speed manual
Dimensions
Wheelbase 2,524 mm (99.4 in)
Length 4,404 mm (173.4 in)
Width 1,722 mm (67.8 in)
Height 1,346 mm (53.0 in)
Kerb weight 1,290 kg (2,844 lb) to 1,350 kg (2,976 lb)
Chronology
Predecessor Audi 100 Coupé S
Successor Audi S2

The Audi Quattro is a road and rally car, produced by the German automobile manufacturer Audi, part of the Volkswagen Group. It was first shown at the 1980 Geneva Motor Show on 3 March.[1][3] Production continued through 1991.

Background

The word quattro is derived from the Italian word for "four". The name has also been used by Audi to refer to the quattro four-wheel-drive system, or any four-wheel-drive version of an Audi model. The original Quattro model is also commonly referred to as the Ur-Quattro - the "Ur-" (German for "primordial", "original", or "first of its kind") is an augmentative prefix, in this case meaning "original". The idea of such a car came from the Audi engineer Jörg Bensinger.

The Audi Quattro was the first rally car to take advantage of the then-recently changed rules which allowed the use of four-wheel drive in competition racing. It won consecutive competitions for the next two years.[1] To commemorate the success of the original vehicle, all subsequent Audi production automobiles with their trademark quattro four-wheel-drive system were badged quattro with a lower case "q" and in a distinct typeface which has remained nearly unchanged since its inception.

The Audi Quattro shared many parts and core body components with the Coupé version of the Audi 80 (B2) model range.[1] The Quattro was internally designated Typ 85, a production code it shared with the quattro versions of the Audi 80 coupé. Its characteristic flared wheelarches were styled by Martin Smith. The Audi Quattro also had independent front and rear suspension.[4][5]

Production history

The idea for a high-performance four-wheel-drive car was proposed by Audi's chassis engineer, Jörg Bensinger, in 1977, when he found that the Volkswagen Iltis could outperform any other vehicle in snow, no matter how powerful. Bensinger's idea was to start developing an Audi 80 variant in co-operation with Walter Treser, Director of Pre-Development.[6][7]

European market

Audi introduced the original Quattro to European customers in late 1980,[1] featuring Audi's quattro permanent four-wheel drive system (hence its name), and the first to mate the front-engine, four-wheel-drive layout with a turbocharged engine.[1]

The original engine was the 2,144 cc (2.1 L), longitudinally-mounted inline-5-cylinder 10 valve SOHC, with a turbocharger and intercooler. It generated 147 kW (200 PS; 197 hp) and torque of 285 N⋅m (210 lbf⋅ft) at 3,500 rpm, propelling the Quattro from 0 to 100 km/h (62 mph) in 7.1 seconds, and on to a top speed of over 220 km/h (137 mph).[1]

The displacement of the engine was dropped slightly from 2144 cc to 2133 cc with a bore x stroke of 79.3 mm × 86.4 mm (3.1 in × 3.4 in) for the Rally car so that Audi could satisfy the 3-litre rallying class with a 1.4 times multiplication factor. Valvetrain was DOHC 4 valves per cylinder (20 valves in total) with an oil cooled KKK K27 turbocharger at 1.03 bars (14.9 psi) and Air-to-Air - Längerer & Reich intercooler fed by Bosch LH-Jetronic fuel injection, generating 225 kW (306 PS; 302 hp) at 6,700 rpm and 350 N⋅m (258 lbf⋅ft) of torque at 3,700 rpm.[8]

The engine was eventually modified to a 2,226 cc (136 cu in) (2.2 L) inline-5 with 10 valves, still generating 147 kW (200 PS; 197 hp), but with peak torque lower in the rev-range.[1] In 1989, it was then changed to a 2,226 cc (136 cu in) inline-5 20v(2.2 L 20v) DOHC setup generating 162 kW (220 PS; 217 hp), now with a top speed of 230 km/h (143 mph).[1]

1983 Audi Sport Quattro in red

Audi Quattros are referred to among owners and enthusiasts by their engine codes, to differentiate between the earlier and later versions: the earliest 2,144 cc 10v being the "WR" engine, the 2,226 cc 10v being the "MB" engine, and the later 20v being the "RR" engine. Hence, Quattro models may be referred to as either the WR Quattro, MB Quattro, and RR or "20v" Quattro, respectively.

The LCD instrument cluster in an Audi Quattro
Interior of a 1990 Audi Quattro

Production of the quattro totalled to 11,452 units over the period from 1980–1991,[1][3] and through this 11 year production span, despite some touch-ups, there were no major changes in the visual design of the car. For the 1983 model year, the dash-board did away with an analogue instrument cluster now fitted with a green digital liquid crystal display (LCD) electronic instrument cluster. This was later changed in 1988 to an orange LCD electronic instrument cluster. The interior was redesigned in 1984, and featured a whole new dash-board layout, new steering wheel design, and new centre console design, the switches around the instrument panel were also redesigned at this time. In 1985, the dash-board changed slightly with harder foam and lost a diagonal stripe, the switches were varied slightly and the diff lock pull knob gave way to a two-position turning knob with volt and oil temp digital readouts.

1987 MB-engined Audi quattro

Exterior styling received very little modification during the Quattro's production run. Originally, the car had a flat front grille featuring four separate headlamp lenses, one for each of the low and high beam units. This was altered for the 1983 model year, and replaced with combined units featuring a single lens, but housing twin reflectors. This was changed again, for the 1985 model year, in what has become known as the 'facelift model' and included such alterations as a new sloping front grille, headlights, and trim and badging changes.[2] The 1985 Quattro also featured a new three spoke steering wheel design, leather trim for door arm rests, gloveboxes, centre console and door pockets. There was also a full length leather-wrapped centre console running all the way to the rear seats. The 1985 Quattro (also referred to as the RR 20v Quattro) was also the first Ur-Quattro to have 'quattro' script on the interior with partial leather seats. The floor on the driver's side had a bulge due to dual catalytic exhaust setup. The different models may be distinguished by the emblems on their boot lids: the WR had a vinyl 'quattro' decal or a brushed aluminium effect plastic emblem, the MB had chrome plated 'Audi', 'Audi rings' and 'quattro' emblems, whilst the RR had only chrome plated 'Audi rings'.

The rear suspension was altered early on with geometry changes and removal of the rear anti-roll bar to reduce a tendency for lift-off oversteer. For the 1984 facelift, the wheel size went from 6x15-inch with 205/60-15 tyres to 8x15-inch wheels with 215/50-15 Pirelli Cinturato P5 tyres. At the same time the suspension was lowered by 20 mm with slightly stiffer springs for improved handling. For 1987, the Torsen centre differential was used for the first time, replacing the manual centre differential lock.[1]

The last original Audi Quattro was produced on 17 May 1991, more than two years after the first models of the new Audi Coupé range (based on the 1986 Audi 80) had been produced.[9]

North American market

Sales of the Quattro in North America began in the 1983 model year.[10] They entered the all-wheel-drive market established by the AMC Eagle, the first full-time all-wheel-drive passenger car to reach mass production.[11][12]

The North American cars were manufactured concurrently and were of the same design as their European 1982 model year counter-parts (they did not include the minor cosmetic changes of the 1983 European model) and continued through 1986. Total sales in the U.S. totalled 664 units. The Canadian market cars were identical to the U.S. version with exception of the speedometer that was metric. Official sales figures for Canada were 99 units, which included 61 units sold in 1983, 17 units sold in 1984, 18 units sold in 1985, and 3 units sold in 1986.

The U.S./Canadian cars were equipped with larger impact bumpers with built-in shock absorbers, like the rest of the 4000/Coupé models. They did not have anti-lock braking system (ABS), but included air conditioning and leather upholstery. Most of the 1984 and 1985 Canadian models came without sunroofs. The remainder of the electric, suspension, and cosmetic updates took place at the same time as the European cars.

The initial 2.1 L (2,144 cc, engine code "WX") engine for U.S./Canadian models included minor component and engine control unit (ECU) changes, lowered turbocharger boost pressure, different camshaft, as well as emission controls that consisted of a catalytic converter and lambda stoichiometric fuel control that lowered power output to 160 hp (119 kW; 162 PS). Other mechanical specifications were identical to the European market vehicles. The WX engine was also untilised in Swiss and Japanese market cars. Audi built 200 special edition cars in 1988 with the WX engine and analogue instrument cluster, with everything else identical to the MB model of that year.

Audi quattro Spyder concept (1991)

The Audi quattro Spyder was a mid-engine coupé equipped with a 2.8-litre V6 engine taken from the Audi 100. The engine was rated at 174 PS (128 kW; 172 hp) and 181 pound-feet (245 N⋅m) of torque. The car was a rolling test bed for a future mid-engine sports car and featured a 5-speed manual gearbox, a modified version for the quattro four-wheel-drive system, aluminium body panels with a tubular steel space frame, 1,100 kg (2,425 lb) kerb weight and a suspension system with trapezoidal links. All of the unique features depicted in the concept car would find their way in future Audi production vehicles.

The car was production ready and garnered a lot of acclaim from both the motoring press and prospective buyers but due to the economic downturn of the 1990s, Audi decided not to press ahead with the project as the demand would not outweigh the development costs for the model.

The concept car was unveiled at the 1991 Frankfurt Motor Show.[13][14]

Audi quattro concept (2010)

At the Paris Motor Show in 2010 Audi presented the quattro concept. It commemorates the 30th anniversary of the original Audi Quattro and the Audi quattro four-wheel-drive system. Based on the Audi RS5, it features a modified 2.5 L five-cylinder TFSI engine and the sixth generation of quattro transmission.[15] It was reported that Audi was considering a limited production model (200–500 cars) based on the quattro concept.[16]

Audi Sport quattro concept (2013)

Audi Sport quattro concept at the Frankfurt Motor Show

The Audi Sport quattro concept was unveiled at the 2013 Frankfurt Motor Show to commemorate the 30th anniversary of the original Audi Sport quattro.[17][18] The show car features angular flat C-pillars, as well as the rectangular double headlights featuring Audi's Matrix LED technology, a spoiler at the lower edge of the rear window, rectangular tail lights, 21-inch wheels, carbon fiber-ceramic brake discs, bucket seats with integrated head restraints, multifunction sport steering wheel, two driving modes (race and setup) in virtual 3D displays, Audi MMI control unit, and air conditioning. The doors and fenders are aluminum, while the roof, hood, and the rear hatch are made of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer. The front suspension features five control arms per wheel while the rear has track-controlled trapezoidal link.

Power is from a 4.0 TFSI V8 engine rated at 560 PS (412 kW; 552 hp) and 700 N⋅m (516 lb⋅ft), along with a disc-shaped electric motor rated at 150 PS (110 kW; 148 hp) and 400 N⋅m (295 lb⋅ft) (for combined power 700 PS (515 kW; 690 hp) and 800 N⋅m (590 lb⋅ft)), mated to an eight-speed tiptronic transmission. A liquid-cooled 14.1 kWh lithium-ion battery is in the rear, and the show car's range is claimed up to 50 km (31 mi) on electric power alone.

At the 2014 Geneva Motor Show, Audi presented the new 2014 Audi TT Quattro Sport Concept. It is powered by a 2.0 L four-cylinder TFSI engine that can produce 420 PS (309 kW; 414 hp) and 331 N⋅m (244 lb⋅ft) of torque. It uses Audi's Quattro AWD system and an S Tronic dual-clutch transmission.[19]

Motorsport

Quattro - A1 and A2 evolutions

Audi Sport Quattro S1 E2[20][21]
Audi Sport Quattro S1 driven during the 2007 Rallye Deutschland
Overview
Manufacturer Audi AG
Also called S1, S1 Quattro "Audi Sport Quattro E2"
Production 1985–1986
Assembly Ingolstadt, Germany
Body and chassis
Class Coupé, Group B rally car
Body style 2-door coupé
Layout longitudinal front-engine four-wheel-drive
Related Audi Quattro
Powertrain
Engine 2110 cc I5 turbo
Transmission 6-speed manual
Dimensions
Wheelbase 2,204 mm (86.8 in)
Length 4,240 mm (166.9 in)
Width 1,860 mm (73.2 in)
Height 1,344 mm (52.9 in)
Kerb weight 1,200 kg (2,646 lb)
Chronology
Predecessor Audi Sport Quattro
Walter Röhrl driving a Quattro A2 at the 1984 Rally Portugal

The original Audi Quattro competition car debuted in 1980, first as a development car, and then on a formal basis in the 1980 Janner Rally in Austria. Largely based on the bodyshell of the road-going Quattro models (in contrast to the forthcoming Group B cars), the engine of the original competition version produced approximately 300 bhp (224 kW; 304 PS). In 1981, Michèle Mouton became the first female driver to win a world championship rally, piloting an Audi Quattro.[1] Over the next three years, Audi would introduce the A1 and A2 evolutions of the Quattro in response to the new Group B rules, raising power from the turbocharged inline 5-cylinder engine to around 350 bhp (261 kW; 355 PS).

The Quattro A1 debuted at the WRC 1983 season opener Monte Carlo Rally, and went on to win the Swedish Rally and the Rally Portugal in the hands of Hannu Mikkola. Driven by Stig Blomqvist, Mikkola and Walter Röhrl, the A2 evolution won a total of eight world rallies, three in 1983 and five in 1984. Two examples of the same car completely dominated the South African National Rally Championships during 1984 to 1988, with S.A. champion drivers Sarel van der Merwe and Geoff Mortimer.

A 1988 Audi Ur-Quattro driven by Audi Tradition driver Luciano Viaro won the 13th Silvretta Classic Montafon.[22]

Sport Quattro

Michèle Mouton's Audi Sport Quattro at the 2006 Goodwood Festival of Speed

The Audi Sport Quattro S1 was a Quattro programme car developed for homologation for Group B rallying in 1984, and sold as a production car in limited numbers.[1] It featured an all aluminium alloy 2,133 cc (2.1 L; 130.2 cu in) with bore X stroke of 79.3 mm × 86.4 mm (3.12 in × 3.40 in) DOHC 4 valves per cylinder, Bosch LH Jetronic fuel injection and KKK K27 turbocharger Inline-five engine, slightly smaller than that of the Audi Quattro, in order to qualify for the 3-litre engine class after the scale factor applied to turbocharged engines. In road-going form, the engine was capable of producing 306 PS (302 bhp; 225 kW) @ 6,700 rpm and 350 N⋅m (258 lb⋅ft) @ 3,700 rpm,[23][24] with the competition cars initially producing around 331 kW (450 PS; 444 bhp).[1]

The vehicle also featured a body shell composed of carbon-kevlar[1] and boasting wider arches, wider wheels (nine inches as compared to the Ur-Quattro's optional 8-inch-wide (200 mm) wheel rim), the steeper windscreen rake of the Audi 80 (requested by the Audi Sport rally team drivers to reduce internal reflections from the dashboard for improved visibility) and, most noticeably, a 320 mm (12.6 in) shorter wheelbase.

In addition to Group B competition in rallying, the Sport Quattro won the 1985 Pikes Peak International Hill Climb with Michèle Mouton in the driving seat, setting a record time in the process.[25] 224 cars of this "short version" Sport Quattro were built, and were offered for sale for 203,850 German Marks.[1]

Sport Quattro S1 E2

Audi Sport Quattro S1 Pikes Peak
Audi Sport Quattro at Legendy 2014 car show in Prague

The Audi Sport Quattro S1 E2 was introduced at the end of 1985 as an update to the Audi Sport Quattro. The car featured an inline 5-cylinder engine that displaced 2,110 cc (128.8 cu in) and produced an officially quoted figure of 350 kW (480 PS; 470 bhp).[1] However, the turbocharger utilised a recirculating air system, with the aim of keeping the turbo spinning at high rpm, when the driver closed the throttle, either to back off during cornering, or on gearshifts. This allowed the engine to resume full power immediately after the resumption of full throttle, reducing turbo lag. The actual power figure was in excess of 500 bhp (373 kW; 507 PS) at 8000 rpm.[1]

In addition to the improved power output, an aggressive aerodynamic kit was added that featured very distinctive wings and spoilers to the front and rear of the car to increase downforce. The weight was reduced to 1,090 kg (2,403 lb), and the S1 could accelerate from 0-100 km/h (62 mph) in 3.1 seconds.[1] Some of the cars were supplied with a "power-shift gearbox", a forerunner of the DSG technology.[1]

The S1 E2 made its debut at the 1985 Rally Argentina, with Blomqvist driving. This variant was successful in the rally circuit, with Röhrl[1] and Christian Geistdörfer winning the 1985 San Remo Rally. A modified version of the E2, was also driven by Michèle Mouton.[1] The S1 evolution would become the final Group B car produced by Audi, with the works team withdrawing from the Championship following the 1986 rally in Portugal.[1] The final factory machines of 1986 were rated at 441 kW (600 PS; 591 bhp).[1] In 1987, the car won the Pikes Peak driven by Walter Röhrl.

Sport Quattro RS 002

Audi Sport Quattro RS 002

Audi Sport Quattro RS 002 - Sports prototype "Group S" was a car that was initially designed for the forthcoming Group S regulations for 1987. The car was tested by Walter Röhrl but it never raced; the Group S regulations were scrapped after a number of accidents involving fatalities during the 1986 season.

The car has a longitudinal mid-engine layout and four-wheel drive.[26] The car is in the museum "Audi museum mobile" in Ingolstadt.

Kerb weight: 1000 kg.

Engine: I5 2,100 cm3

Power: 700 h.p.

Top speed: 300 km/h Dimensions: Length 4,500 mm, Width 1,900 mm, Height 1,020 mm.

WRC results

Summary

Season Model(s) Driver Pos. Pts
1981 Audi quattro Finland Hannu Mikkola (3º) • France Michèle Mouton (8ª) 5ª63
1982 Audi quattro France Michèle Mouton (2ª) • Finland Hannu Mikkola (3º) • Sweden Stig Blomqvist (4º) 1ª116
1983 Audi quattro A1 and Audi quattro A2 Finland Hannu Mikkola (1º) • Sweden Stig Blomqvist (3º) • France Michèle Mouton (5ª) 2ª116
1984 Audi quattro A2 and Audi Sport quattro Sweden Stig Blomqvist (1º) • Finland Hannu Mikkola (2º) • Germany Walter Röhrl (11º) • France Michèle Mouton(12ª) 1ª120
1985 Audi Sport quattro Sweden Stig Blomqvist (2º) • Germany Walter Röhrl (3º) • Finland Hannu Mikkola (22º) 2ª126
1986 Audi Sport quattro S1 E2 Finland Hannu Mikkola (18º) • Germany Walter Röhrl (22º) 4ª29

WRC victories

 #  Event Season Driver Co-driver Version
1 Sweden 31st International Swedish Rally 1981 Finland Hannu Mikkola Sweden Arne Hertz Audi Quattro
2 Italy 23º Rallye Sanremo 1981 France Michèle Mouton Italy Fabrizia Pons Audi Quattro
3 United Kingdom 30th Lombard RAC Rally 1981 Finland Hannu Mikkola Sweden Arne Hertz Audi Quattro
4 Sweden 32nd International Swedish Rally 1982 Sweden Stig Blomqvist Sweden Björn Cederberg Audi Quattro
5 Portugal 16º Rallye de Portugal Vinho do Porto 1982 France Michèle Mouton Italy Fabrizia Pons Audi Quattro
6 Greece 29º Acropolis Rally 1982 France Michèle Mouton Italy Fabrizia Pons Audi Quattro
7 Brazil Rally of Brazil 1982 France Michèle Mouton Italy Fabrizia Pons Audi Quattro
8 Finland 32º 1000 Lakes Rally 1982 Finland Hannu Mikkola Sweden Arne Hertz Audi Quattro
9 Italy 24º Rallye Sanremo 1982 Sweden Stig Blomqvist Sweden Björn Cederberg Audi Quattro
10 United Kingdom 31st Lombard RAC Rally 1982 Finland Hannu Mikkola Sweden Arne Hertz Audi Quattro
11 Sweden 33rd International Swedish Rally 1983 Finland Hannu Mikkola Sweden Arne Hertz Audi Quattro A1
12 Portugal 17º Rallye de Portugal Vinho do Porto 1983 Finland Hannu Mikkola Sweden Arne Hertz Audi Quattro A1
13 Argentina 3º Marlboro Rally Argentina San Carlos de Bariloche 1983 Finland Hannu Mikkola Sweden Arne Hertz Audi Quattro A2
14 Finland 33º 1000 Lakes Rally 1983 Finland Hannu Mikkola Sweden Arne Hertz Audi Quattro A2
15 United Kingdom 32nd Lombard RAC Rally 1983 Sweden Stig Blomqvist Sweden Björn Cederberg Audi Quattro A2
16 Monaco 52ème Rallye Automobile de Monte-Carlo 1984 Germany Walter Röhrl Germany Christian Geistdörfer Audi Quattro A2
17 Sweden 34th International Swedish Rally 1984 Sweden Stig Blomqvist Sweden Björn Cederberg Audi Quattro A2
18 Portugal 18º Rallye de Portugal Vinho do Porto 1984 Finland Hannu Mikkola Sweden Arne Hertz Audi Quattro A2
19 Greece 31º Acropolis Rally 1984 Sweden Stig Blomqvist Sweden Björn Cederberg Audi Quattro A2
20 New Zealand 14º Sanyo Rally of New Zealand 1984 Sweden Stig Blomqvist Sweden Björn Cederberg Audi Quattro A2
21 Argentina 4º Marlboro Rally of Argentina YPF Cordoba 1984 Sweden Stig Blomqvist Sweden Björn Cederberg Audi Quattro A2
22 Ivory Coast 16ème Rallye "Marlboro" Côte d'Ivoire 1984 Sweden Stig Blomqvist Sweden Björn Cederberg Audi Quattro Sport
23 Italy 27º Rallye Sanremo 1985 Germany Walter Röhrl Germany Christian Geistdörfer Audi Quattro Sport S1

Ashes to Ashes

Gene Hunt's Quattro in the car park of BBC Television Centre

A red 1983 Quattro is driven by DCI Gene Hunt (played by Philip Glenister) in the television drama Ashes to Ashes (aired on BBC1 from 2008 to 2010). Two cars were used through the run of the series: the original, and a stunt car that was acquired for series 2. Both portrayed the same car.[27] The original vehicle (also used in the Children in Need Top Gear crossover mini-episode) lacked a sunroof which was present on the car(s) used in series 2 and 3, hence a fake one was added for the sake of continuity. The stunt car was written off for the jump in series 3, episode 1 by the director of that episode and used as a parts and interior shots car until it was shot up in the finale, leaving the original intact[28]

In the run-up to the 2010 general election, a campaign poster by the incumbent Labour Party government portrayed Conservative Party and opposition leader David Cameron as Gene Hunt sitting on the bonnet of the iconic red Audi Quattro and urged voters not to allow Cameron to take Britain "back to the 1980s" by electing his party into government amid fears that it would lead to a repeat of the social unrest and unemployment that Margaret Thatcher's Conservative government of that era oversaw. The image was then adopted by the Conservatives, with the slogan "Fire up the Quattro, it's time for change",[29] with the comment 'Idea kindly donated by the Labour Party'. "Fire up the Quattro" was a call to action uttered by DCI Hunt in Ashes to Ashes.

See also

References

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 "25 Years of Audi Quattro" (Press release). Audi of America Press Site. 22 February 2005. Retrieved 3 May 2014.
  2. 1 2 World Cars 1985. Herald Books. 1985. ISBN 0-910714-17-7.
  3. 1 2 Achorn, George (16 March 2005). "Audi Tradition at the Techno Classica 2005". Retrieved 3 May 2014.
  4. ↑ "1984 Audi Quattro Treser Coupé". Motorbase. 19 September 2008. Retrieved 3 May 2014.
  5. ↑ "Drive: 1982-1985 Audi Quattro". Motortrend.com. October 2005. Retrieved 3 May 2014.
  6. ↑ "History of the Audi ur-Quattro". Isham-research.co.uk. Archived from the original on 24 June 2010. Retrieved 3 May 2014.
  7. ↑ "Audi history 80s" (PDF). Retrieved 11 July 2016.
  8. ↑ Pawel Zal (ed.). "1983 Audi Quattro Sport". Automobile-catalog.com. Retrieved 2018-08-26.
  9. ↑ "Audi Quattro". Retro Car Icons. Retrieved 3 May 2014.
  10. ↑ Severson, Aaron (23 October 2013). "Legend of the Quattro". Autoweek. Retrieved 3 May 2014.
  11. ↑ Jacobs, Ed (September 1979). "4WD AMC Eagle - passenger comfort, all-weather capability". Popular Science. 215 (3): 90–91. Retrieved 3 May 2014.
  12. ↑ Sass, Rob (9 March 2008). "A Breed of 4-by-4 Hatched on the Fly". The New York Times. Retrieved 3 May 2014.
  13. ↑ "Concept Cars: Audi Quattro Spyder". Diseno-art.com. Retrieved 3 May 2014.
  14. ↑ Adams, Kieth (7 July 2013). "Friday concept: Audi Quattro Spyder". Classics.honestjohn.co.uk. Retrieved 3 May 2014.
  15. ↑ "Audi quattro concept". www.audi.com. Audi. Archived from the original on 3 October 2010. Retrieved 3 May 2014.
  16. ↑ Kable, Greg (8 October 2010). "Audi to build reborn Quattro". Autocar. Retrieved 3 May 2014.
  17. ↑ Paukert, Chris (10 September 2013). "Audi Sport Quattro Concept speaks softly, carries a 700-hp stick". Autoblog.com. Retrieved 3 May 2014.
  18. ↑ "Audi Sport quattro concept" (Press release). Audi-mediaservices.com. 4 September 2013. Retrieved 3 May 2014.
  19. ↑ "2014 Audi TT Quattro Sport Concept Review". Retrieved 3 May 2014.
  20. ↑ "Audi Sport Quattro S1". Rally Paradise. Retrieved 3 May 2014.
  21. ↑ Holmes, Martin (11 July 1985). "The Sport's evolution". Autosport. Archived from the original on 28 April 2014. Retrieved 3 May 2014.
  22. ↑ "Audi ur-quattro and R8 e-tron win the Silvretta Classic and E-Auto Rally" (Press release). Audi-mediaservices.com. 13 July 2010. Retrieved 3 May 2014.
  23. ↑ "1983 - 1984 Audi Sport Quattro". ultimatecarpage.com. Retrieved June 14, 2018.
  24. ↑ "1983 Audi Quattro Sport". automobile-catalog.com. Retrieved June 14, 2018.
  25. ↑ "Pikes Peak records shattered". The Post and Courier. 14 July 1985. p. 3-C. Archived from the original on 17 July 2012. Retrieved 23 February 2012.
  26. ↑ "Audi quattro Mid-Engine (Gr.B Proto) & Audi Sport quattro RS "002" (Gr.S Proto) | Rally Group B Shrine". Rally Group B Shrine. 2016-01-18. Retrieved 2017-11-10.
  27. ↑ "img38/320/audi3u.jpg". imageshack.us. Archived from the original on 24 March 2012. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
  28. ↑ "Luigis • View topic - My 3.8 filming photos". Luigis.org.uk. Archived from the original on 4 January 2014. Retrieved 3 May 2014.
  29. ↑ "Gene Hunt poster sparks propaganda battle". BBC News. 3 April 2010. Retrieved 3 May 2014.

Bibliography

  • Walton, Jeremy (1984). Audi Quattro: The Development & Competition History. Sparkford, UK: Haynes. ISBN 0854294104.
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RS RS3 Sportback (8P) RS3 Sportback (8V)
RS2 Avant RS4 (8D) RS4 (8E/8H) RS4 (8K) RS4 (8W) RS4 (B9)
RS6 (4B) RS6 (4F) RS6 (4G)
TT RS (8J) TT RS (8S)
Quattro (Ur-Quattro) RS5 (8T) RS5 (8F)
RS7 (4G)
RS Q3 (8U)
Supercar R8 (42) R8 (4S)
Crossover utility vehicle A4 allroad quattro (8K)
allroad quattro (4Z) A6 allroad quattro (4F) A6 allroad quattro (4G)
Mini SUV Q2 (GA)
Compact SUV Q3 (8U)
Mid-size SUV Q5 (8R) Q5 (80A)
Full-size SUV Q7 (4L) Q7 (4M)
Homologation road / rally car Quattro A1 & A2 Sport Quattro Sport Quattro S1
Audi, a marque of the Volkswagen Group, car timeline, North American market, 1980–present
Type 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s
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Compact car A3 (8P) A3 / S3 (8V)
4000 (81) 80 / 90 (89) 90 (8C) A4 (8D/8E/8H/8K) A4 (8W)
4000 CS quattro S4 (8D/8E/8H/8K) S4 (8W)
Mid-size car 5000 (43) 5000 (44) 100 / 200 (44) 100 (4A) A6 (4A) A6 (4B) A6 (4F) A6 (4G) A6
Ur-S4 Ur-S6 S6 (4B) S6 (4F) S6 (4G)
A7 (4G) A7
S7 (4G)
Full-size car V8 (4C) A8 / S8 (4D) A8 / S8 (4E) A8 / S8 (4H) A8
Coupé Coupé (81) Coupe Quattro (89) A5 / S5 (8T) A5 / S5
TT Coupé (8N) TT Coupé (8J) TT Coupé (8S)
Roadster TT Roadster (8N) TT Roadster (8J) TT Roadster (8S)
Convertible Cabriolet (8G) A4 Cabriolet / S4 Cabriolet (8H) A5 / S5 (8F) A5 / S5
Sports car Quattro (Ur-Quattro) RS6 (4B) RS4 (8E/8H)
R8 (42) R8
Crossover allroad quattro (4Z) allroad (8K) A4 allroad (8W)
Compact SUV Q3 (8U)
Q5 (8R) Q5 (FY)
Mid-size SUV Q7 (4L) Q7 (4M)
Q8
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