9K114 Shturm
9K114 Shturm | |
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Type | ATGM |
Place of origin | Soviet Union |
9K114 Shturm[1] (Russian: 9К114 «Штурм»- "shturm" means storm (assault) in German) is a SACLOS radio guided anti-tank missile system of the Soviet Union. Its GRAU designation is 9K114.[2] Its NATO reporting name is AT-6 Spiral. The missile itself is known as the 9M114 Kokon (Cocoon).
Development
The missile called 9M114 Kokon (Cocoon) was developed by the Kolomna Machine Design Bureau, which was also responsible for the 3M6 Shmel and 9M14 Malyutka. Work on the missile began in 1967, with the hope of using the missile on Mi-24s. However, delays forced the design of an upgraded Falanga system (9M17 Skorpion) using SACLOS guidance as a stopgap. Testing of the missile was completed in 1974, and it was accepted into service in 1976. The missile has no direct western counterpart, though, in role, it is closest to the AGM-114 Hellfire, and in guidance method, to the MGM-18 Lacrosse.
It was originally given the NATO designation AS-8, before being redesignated as AT-6.[3]
Description
![](../I/m/9P149_vehicle_with_9M144_missiles_of_anti-tank_complex_%C2%ABShturm-S%C2%BB_in_Military-historical_Museum_of_Artillery%2C_Engineer_and_Signal_Corps_in_Saint-Petersburg%2C_Russia.jpg)
![](../I/m/9P149.jpg)
The missile can be deployed on a variety of platforms, including the Mi-24V and from 1979-onwards the MT-LB based 9P149 tank destroyer. There is also a shipborne version of the missile, with the launcher holding six missiles.
The missile is transported and launched from a glass-reinforced plastic tube. The missile uses a Soyuz NPO solid-rocket sustainer, with a small booster stage to launch the missile from its tube.
The missile is SACLOS with a radio command link. The use of a radio link allows the missile to travel much faster and further than if it were wire guided. The radio link is a VHF system with five frequency bands and two codes to minimize the risk of jamming. The system comprises a KPS-53AV 8x daylight-only direct vision sight with an integrated laser rangefinder. After the missile is launched, the gunner has to keep the sight's crosshairs on the target until impact. Appropriate steering commands are transmitted to the missile via the radio link.
The missile flies above the gunner's line of sight to the target. With the range of the target determined by the laser rangefinder, the missile descends onto the target just before impact. This is done primarily to clear obstacles, instead of achieving a top-attack, and can be switched off. It is possible to engage low and slow moving helicopters with the system; however, since the missile only has a contact fuze, a direct hit would be needed.
Soviet sources report kill ratios of 75-85% during the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. Also a Mil demonstration in Sweden in late 1995 using a Mi-28A firing Shturm and Ataka missiles also showed good results: from a hovering helicopter, a Shturm was fired at a target 900 m away; and from level flight at 200 km/h an Ataka was fired at a target 4,700 m away. Both missiles passed within 1 m of their aiming point.[4]
It is possible there were problems with early models of the missile; Soviet stocks of the missile were rebuilt to AT-6B and C standard by 1994.
30 June 2014 adopted by the Russian army modernized self-propelled antitank missile system 9M114 Shturm-S into 9K132 Shturm-SM having a sight with television and thermal channels as well as a new missile with a high-explosive fragmentation warhead and a proximity fuse.[5]
The export price of the missile in 1992 was $50,000.
General characteristics (AT-6A Spiral)
- Length: 1,625 mm (5.3 ft)
- Wingspan: 360 mm (14 in)
- Diameter: 130 mm (5.1 in)
- Launch weight: 31.4 kg (69 lb)
- Speed: 345 m/s (1,240 km/h; 770 mph; Mach 1.0)
- Range: 400–5,000 m (0.25–3.11 mi)
- Guidance: Radio command link Semi-automatic command to line of sight
- Warhead: 5.3 kg (12 lb) HEAT, penetration 560-600 mm vs RHA[6][1]
Models
- 9M114 AT-6 Spiral Entered service in 1976.
- 9M120 AT-9 Spiral-2 Shturm-VM - see 9M120 Ataka-V
Operators
![](../I/m/9K114_operators.png)
Current operators
Algeria[7] Armenia[8] Azerbaijan - in reserve. Several captured from Armenian Armed Forces during 1994 offensive Belarus Bulgaria Czech Republic Cuba Georgia Iran - installed in Mi-17sh helicopters Indonesia - installed in Mi-35P attack helicopters India Kazakhstan[9] Moldova - installed in Mi-17V5 helicopters Peru Russia Slovakia Syria Tajikistan Ukraine[10] (The separatists forces battling the Ukrainian army in the War in Donbass have also been documented to have used the weapon.[10])
Former operators
Croatia (former user) [11] Czechoslovakia (former user) East Germany (former user on Mi-24P) Poland - Status unknown.[12] Soviet Union
References
- 1 2 3 4 9K114 Shturm - Weaponsystems.net
- ↑ (in Russian) Artillery
- ↑ Parsch, Andreas; Aleksey V. Martynov (2008). "Designations of Soviet and Russian Military Aircraft and Missiles". Designation-Systems.net. Retrieved 2014-09-14.
- ↑ "AT Shturm". Retrieved 14 November 2014.
- ↑ "Принят на вооружение модернизированный самоходный ПТРК "Штурм-СМ"". Retrieved 14 November 2014.
- ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2006-10-17. Retrieved 2006-06-30.
- ↑ "Error with loading of Weaponsystem (HH06 - 9K114 Shturm)". www.weaponsystems.net. Retrieved 10 April 2018.
- ↑ Old missiles not so old after all - Russia Today, October 12, 2011.
- ↑ Small Arms Survey (2012). "Blue Skies and Dark Clouds: Kazakhstan and Small Arms" (PDF). Small Arms Survey 2012: Moving Targets. Cambridge University Press. p. 131. ISBN 978-0-521-19714-4.
- 1 2 Jenzen-Jones, N. R.; Ferguson, Jonathan (18 November 2014). "Raising Red Flags: An Examination of Arms & Munitions in the Ongoing Conflict in Ukraine". Armament Research Services Pty. Ltd. Retrieved 10 April 2018 – via Google Books.
- ↑ "Vježba HRZ-a i HRM-a Posejdon 94 - YouTube". YouTube. Retrieved 14 November 2014.
- ↑ "samolotypolskie.pl - 9K114 (9M114) "Szturm"". www.samolotypolskie.pl. Retrieved 10 April 2018.
- Hull, A.W., Markov, D.R., Zaloga, S.J. (1999). Soviet/Russian Armor and Artillery Design Practices 1945 to Present. Darlington Productions. ISBN 978-1-892848-01-7.
- Article "Fire in the Hills", AirEnthusiast magazine, Volume 104, March 2003
- Shturm
- Army Technology
- http://www.airwar.ru/weapon/aat/shturm.html
External links
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